Ukwehlukanisa Phakathi Kokungazali Okuphelele Nokungazali
Amagama athi ukungabi nenzalo unomphela nokungabi nenzalo asetshenziswa kakhulu kwezempilo yokuzala. Abanye abantu bawasebenzisa njengokungathi asho into efanayo. Nokho, ngalinye linencazelo ehlukile.
Ukungabi nenzalo unomphela kusho ukuthi umuntu ngeke akwazi ukukhulelwa ngisho ngosizo lwezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha. Umuntu ongenanzalo unomphela ngeke akwazi ukuzala ingane yakhe ngokwemvelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungabi nenzalo kusho ukuthi umuntu wehluleka ukukhulelwa emva kokuzama isikhathi esithile. Kukhona ithuba lokuthi lowo muntu angakhulelwa emva kwaleso sikhathi, ngokwemvelo noma ngosizo lwezindlela zokwelapha.
Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe izici ezihlukene zokungabi nenzalo unomphela nokungabi nenzalo:
Yini Ukungabi Nenzalo Unomphela?
Uma ungenanzalo unomphela, kusho ukuthi awukwazi nhlobo ukukhulelwa umntwana. Lokhu kungabangelwa izici zofuzo noma umonakalo ongabuyiseki ezithweni zokuzala [1]. Ukungabi nenzalo unomphela kungathinta kokubili amadoda nabesifazane.
Isibonelo, indoda iba ingenanzalo unomphela uma kungakhiqizwa nhlobo isidoda. Ukungabi nenzalo unomphela kowesifazane kungenziwa incazelo njengekungabikho amaqanda, ukuvinjelwa kwamashubhu e-fallopian, noma umonakalo unomphela esibelethweni.
Izimbangela Zokungabi Nenzalo Unomphela
Ezinye zezimbangela ezivamile zokungabi nenzalo unomphela nokulahleka kokukhulelwa kwabesifazane nabesilisa yilezi:
- Izifo zofuzo (isb., i-Turner syndrome)
- Ukwehluleka ngokuphelele kwamasende
- Umonakalo ongabuyiseki ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezingazange zelashwe
- Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwezitho zokuzala
- Umonakalo ohlelweni lokuzala olubangelwa izifo zokuzivikela zomzimba ezizihlaselayo (autoimmune disorders)
Ukuxilongwa Kokungabi Nenzalo Unomphela
Ukuxilongwa kokungabi nenzalo unomphela kuhlanganisa umlando wesiguli, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba.
Isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kwesidoda emadodeni kungakhombisa ukuthi amaseli esidoda akhona yini esidodeni. Ukungabikho kwamaseli esidoda esidodeni kuyinkomba yokuthi umuntu akananzalo unomphela.
Ukwelashwa kokungabi nenzalo unomphela
Ukungabi nenzalo unomphela inqubo engakwazi ukubuyiselwa emuva, okusho ukuthi umuntu ongenanzalo unomphela ngeke akwazi ukukhulelwa. Ayikho indlela yokwelapha engasiza umuntu ongenanzalo unomphela azale ingane yakhe ngokwemvelo (eyofuzo).
Nokho, izindlela zokwelapha ukungazali ngokuphelele zingagxila ekuthuthukiseni impilo jikelele.
Yini Ukungabi Nenzalo?
Inhlangano Yezempilo Emhlabeni (World Health Organization, WHO) ichaza ukungabi nenzalo njengokungakwazi ukukhulelwa ngemva konyaka owodwa wobulili obuvamile, ngaphandle kokuvikelwa noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokuvimbela inzalo [2].
Ukungakwazi ukukhulelwa phakathi nonyaka owodwa akusho ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukukhulelwa nhlobo.
Ngokungafani nokungazali ngokuphelele, izimbangela zokungabi nenzalo zingaguqulwa futhi umuntu ongazalayo angakwazi ukuba umzali womntwana wakhe ngokomzimba. Ukuqonda ukungabi nenzalo kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngoba abantu abaningi bangase babhekane nezimpawu zokuqala zokungabi nenzalo bengazi, ezingesinye isikhathi zingalashwa ngokungenelela kwezokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi.
Umehluko Phakathi Kokungabi Nenzalo Kokuqala Nokwesibili
Ukungabi nenzalo kokuqala kuyisimo lapho umuntu engakwazi ukukhulelwa okokuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu onokungabi nenzalo kokuqala akanawo umlando wokukhulelwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu one ukungabi nenzalo kwesibili ungomunye onomlando wokukhulelwa ngempumelelo [3]. Umuntu angase angakwazi ukukhulelwa okwesibili, okwesithathu, noma okwesine ngenxa yanoma yisiphi isizathu.
Izimbangela Zokungabi Nenzalo
Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile zokungabi nenzalo emadodeni nasebeshadini yilezi:
- Isifo se-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- Amashubhu e-fallopian avaliwe
- Inani eliphansi lesidoda
- Ukungalingani kwamahomoni
- Ikhwalithi embi yamaqanda
- Ikhwalithi embi yesidoda
- I-varicocele — imithambo emikhulu esesende
Ukuxilongwa Kokungabi Nenzalo
Ukuxilongwa kokungabi nenzalo kuhlanganisa ukuhlola bobabili ozakwenu ngezinkinga ezingaba khona zokukhulelwa.
Isibonelo, ukuxilongwa kokungabi nenzalo kowesifazane kungafaka ukuhlaziywa kwamahomoni, izivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe, nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngokufanayo, ukuxilongwa kokungabi nenzalo emadodeni kufaka ukuhlaziywa kwesidoda nokuhlolwa kwezitho zokuzala.
Ukwelashwa Kokungazali
Ezinye izimbangela zokungazali ziyalapheka futhi ungafinyelela ekukhulelweni ngokuzilungisa. Isibonelo, uma owesilisa ehluleka ukusiza ekukhulelweni futhi inkinga ikhona ekunyakazeni kwesidoda, ukuthatha izithasiselo zokunyakaza kwesidoda ingathuthukisa ukunyakaza kwesidoda futhi yandise amathuba okuchuma okuyimpumelelo.
Ngokufanayo, uma kukhona ukungajwayelekile kwesakhiwo emzimbeni okubangela ukungazali, ukuhlinzwa kungashintsha isimo sokukwazi ukuzala futhi kuthuthukise amathuba okukhulelwa. Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi, indlela yokugcina yokwelapha imibhangqwana engazali yi-In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
-
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokungazali okuphelele nokungazali?
Ukungazali okuphelele kusho ukuthi umuntu akakwazi nhlobo ukuba nezingane. Ukungazali kusho ukuthi kunzima ukukhulelwa kodwa akulona iphupho elingenzeki. Ukungazali okuphelele kuyisimo esihlala njalo esingenakho ukwelashwa. Ukungazali, kuye ngesizathu, kungelapheka.
-
Ingabe ukungazali okuphelele kuhlala kungunomphela ngaso sonke isikhathi?
Yebo, ukungazali okuphelele ngokuvamile kuhlala unomphela futhi akukho ukwelashwa kwalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukukhulelwa ngendlela yemvelo.
Okubalulekile Ekugcineni
Abantu bavame ukudideka ngamagama athi ukungazali okuphelele nokungazali, yize la magama enezincazelo ezahlukene. Ukungazali okuphelele kusho ukuthi umuntu akakwazi nhlobo ukuzala ingane ayizale yena.
Nokho, ukungazali akusho ukuthi umuntu akakwazi nhlobo ukukhulelwa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Izimbangela eziningi zokungazali ziyalapheka futhi umuntu angazilungisa ngokwelashwa kwezokwelapha, ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo, nokuthuthukisa imikhuba yokuphila.
Imithombo Esetshenzisiwe
- Royfman, R., Shah, T. A., Sindhwani, P., & Nadiminty, N. (2021). Ukungazali okuphelele, isimo sezempilo esivame ukunganakwa. Women, 1(1), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.3390/women1010003
- Ukungazali. (2024b, Meyi 22). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infertility
- Ukungazali Kwesibili. (2024, Meyi 1). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21139-secondary-infertility
