Ukukhulelwa ne-Retinyl Palmitate: Ukuqonda ukuphepha kwalo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siletha imibuzo eminingi mayelana nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi leyo equkethe izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezifana nama-retinoids. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-retinyl palmitate, umkhiqizo ojwayelekile ovela ku-vitamin A ovame ukutholakala emikhiqizweni yokulwa nokuguga kanye neyokunakekelwa kwesikhumba. Yaziwa ngekhono layo lokukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba, ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwemigqa emihle, nokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwesikhumba jikelele, i-retinyl palmitate isiphenduke ingxenyana ejwayelekile ezinhlelweni eziningi zobuhle. Nokho, udaba lokuphepha kwe-retinyl palmitate ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa luvusa ukukhathazeka, njengoba yonke ingxenye efakwa esikhumbeni idinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kulesi sikhathi.

Ukuqonda ukuthi le ngxenye isebenza kanjani emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubalulekile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abafuna ukubeka phambili kokubili impilo yesikhumba sabo nempilo yengane yabo. Njengoba imikhiqizo evela ku-vitamin A, okuhlanganisa ne-retinyl palmitate, ingamuncwa emzimbeni ngesikhumba, ngisho nangamanani amancane, ukwazi ubungozi bayo obungenzeka kanye nezinzuzo ngesikhathi esibucayi kanje kubalulekile. Lolu lwazi lunika omama abalindele ithuba lokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nemikhuba yabo yokunakekela isikhumba, beqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle ngenkathi belungisa izinkinga zesikhumba ezivamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Iyini i-Retinyl Palmitate?

I-Retinyl palmitate iwuhlobo lwe-vitamin A, oluvame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ngenxa yekhono lwayo lokusekela ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba, ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwemigqa emihle, nokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwesikhumba jikelele. Ngokungafani ne-retinol, enamandla kakhulu futhi engase ibangele ukucasuka, i-retinyl palmitate iwumphumela othambile oveza ukuheha kulabo abanesikhumba esizwelayo. Lo mphumela udlula enqubweni yokuguqulwa esikhunjeni, uqale uguquke ube i-retinol bese uba yi-retinoic acid, uhlobo olusebenzayo lwe-vitamin A olubhekele ukukhuthaza ukushintshana kwamangqamuzana nokwakheka kwe-collagen [1]. 

Ngenkathi le nqubo enamazinga amaningi yenza ukuthi ingabi namandla ngokushesha, iphinde inciphise nethuba lemiphumela engemihle efana nokubomvu noma ukuklebhuka kwesikhumba. Lobu buthaka bayo kwenza i-retinyl palmitate ibe inketho ethandwayo emikhiqizweni ethengiswa ngaphandle kodokotela ehlose ukuthuthukisa impilo yesikhumba ngaphandle kokubangela ukucasuka ngokweqile. Ikakhulukazi iyathandwa emikhiqizweni eklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside, ngoba ukwakheka kwayo okuthambile mancane amathuba okuthi kulimaze isithiyo sesikhumba noma kwandise ukuzwela. Ukuvumelana kwayo nezinhlobo eziningi zesikhumba sekuqinise indawo yayo emakethe yokunakekela isikhumba njengengxenye esebenzayo kodwa elula yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesikhumba.

Ukubaluleka kwe-Vitamin A Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

IVitamin A iyisondlo esibalulekile esinendima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kombungu, esekela umbono, umsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba, nokukhula kwezitho. Ibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwenhliziyo, amaphaphu, izinso, amehlo, namathambo omntwana, kanye nokwakheka kwezinhlelo zokujikeleza kwegazi, ukuphefumula, kanye nohlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa. Lesi sondlo siphinde sisize impilo kamama ngokukhuthaza ukulungiswa kwezicubu nokusekela uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba. Nokho, ukugcina ibhalansi efanele kubalulekile, ngoba i-vitamin A encane kakhulu ingaphazamisa lezi zinqubo zokuthuthuka, kanti inani eliningi ngokweqile lingaholela ebunzimeni obukhulu [2].

Ukuqinisekisa ukudla okunempilo akuqedi nje lapho uzalile, yingakho ukuqonda indima ye-ama-prenatal ngesikhathi sokuncelisa kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ekugcineni impilo yonke nasekusekeleni ukukhula komntwana wakho. Inani elikhulu le-vitamin A, ikakhulukazi ngezimo zayo ezisebenzayo ezifana nama-retinoids, lingabeka ingozi enkulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Amazinga aphezulu e-vitamin A angaphazamisa ukuthuthuka okuvamile kombungu futhi axhunyaniswe nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, okuhlanganisa izinkinga zobuso nobuso, inhliziyo, kanye nokungavaleki kahle kwethumbu lomgogodla. Ukuchayeka ngokweqile ku-vitamin A kungenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ama-supplement anomthamo ophezulu, ukudla okunothiswe kakhulu nenyama yesibindi noma ukudla okuqinisiwe, kanye nokusebenzisa esikhumbeni ama-retinoids anamandla.

Ngenxa yalezi zingozi, abaningi abesifazane abakhulelwe baqaphela kakhulu ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe ama-retinoids njengokuthi retinol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. IRetinol, uhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwe-vitamin A, kanye nezinzalo zalo, kuhlanganise ne-retinyl palmitate, sekuhlolisiswe ngenxa yamandla alo okungena esikhunjeni nokwengeza ezingeni le-vitamin A emzimbeni [3].

Nakuba okokugcoba esikhumbeni kukholakala ukuthi kuholela ekuncibilikeni okuncane emzimbeni uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphuza ngomlomo, ukungaqiniseki ngokuphepha kwakho kuholele ochwepheshe bezempilo ekutheni bacebise ukuthi kungasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa njengendlela yokuphepha. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukuqonda ubungozi obungaba khona bama-retinoids nokufuna ezinye izindlela kungaletha ukuthula kwengqondo ngenkathi kugcinwa inqubo ephumelelayo yokunakekela isikhumba.

IRetinol ne-Retinoids ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Yiziphi Izinkathazo?

IRetinol nezinye i-retinoids zaziwa kakhulu ngokusebenza kahle kwazo ekwelapheni i-acne, ekunciphiseni izimpawu zokuguga, nasekukhaliphiseni ukushintshaniselwa kwamangqamuzana esikhumba. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kudale ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwazo. Ama-retinoids, uma emuncwa ngobuningi emzimbeni, angawela i-placenta futhi mhlawumbe athinte ukuthuthuka komntwana osesiswini. Ama-retinoid aphuzwayo afana ne-isotretinoin avinjelwe ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yobungozi bawo obuphezulu bokubangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa.

Uma kuziwa kuma-retinoids asetshenziswa phezulu esikhunjeni, kuhlanganise ne-retinol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ubungozi abucaci kahle kodwa kusamele kugwemeke. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa phezulu esikhunjeni kuholela ekumuncweni okuncane emzimbeni wonke, ithuba lomonakalo alinakukhishwa ngokuphelele, okwenza abaningi abahlinzeki bezempilo batusa ukugwema i-retinol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa [4].

Ingabe i-Retinyl Palmitate Iphephile Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa?

Ukuphepha kwe-retinyl palmitate ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kuhlanganise nokugxila esetshenzisiwe nokuvama kokugcoba. Njengendlela ethambile ye-vitamin A, i-retinyl palmitate ivame ukubhekwa njengengancane amandla kune-retinol. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ekugcineni iguqulelwa ku-retinoic acid esikhunjeni, isenanomthelela ezingeni eliphelele le-vitamin A emzimbeni.

Ucwaningo lwamanje mayelana ne-retinyl palmitate esetshenziswa phezulu esikhunjeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa luncane. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi ayibangeli umonakalo uma isetshenziswa ngemithamo ephansi, iningi lochwepheshe liphakamisa ukuthi kungcono uqaphele kakhulu. Ukugwema imikhiqizo enezinga eliphezulu le-retinyl palmitate noma ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Retinol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Kulabo abafuna ukuqhubeka nemikhuba yabo yokunakekela isikhumba ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-retinol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kunokunye okuningi okuphephile futhi okusebenza kahle okutholakalayo:

1. I-Bakuchiol- I-bakuchiol iyisithako esivela ezitshalweni esilingisa imiphumela ye-retinol ngaphandle kokubangela ukucasuka. Isizuze udumo njengenketho ephephile ekukhulelweni yokubhekana nemigqa emincane, umbala wesikhumba ongalingani, ne-acne [5].
2. I-Vitamin C- Eyaziwa ngamandla ayo okukhanyisa nokuba i-antioxidant, i-vitamin C iyinketho ephephile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Isiza ukuvikela isikhumba ekucindezelekeni okubangelwa wumoya ongcolile nemvelo futhi ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwe-collagen [6].
3. I-Hyaluronic Acid- I-hyaluronic acid iyisithako esinika umswakama ngamandla esenza isikhumba sivuvuke sibe bushelelezi futhi sinciphise ukubonakala kwemigqa emincane. Iphephile ukuthi isetshenziswe kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhulelwa [7].
4. Niacinamide- Lesi sithako esisebenzayo ezindaweni eziningi sisiza ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha esikhunjeni, sinciphise ukuvuvukala, futhi sithuthukise ukwakheka kwesikhumba. Sithambile futhi sifanele isikhumba esibucayi, okwenza sibe enye indlela enhle ye-retinol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ukuhamba ngendlela yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba okuphephile ekukhulelweni

Ukukhetha imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ephephile ekukhulelweni kudinga ukufunda amalebuli ngokucophelela nokuzwa ukuphepha kwezakhi. Ukuze wehlise ubungozi, cabanga ngalezi zeluleko ezilandelayo:

• Hlola ama-retinoids: Bheka amagama afana nokuthi “retinol,” “retinyl palmitate,” noma “retinyl acetate” ohlwini lwezithako futhi ugweme imikhiqizo equkethe lezi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngaphandle uma ugunyazwe umhlinzeki wezempilo.
• Khetha izakhiwo ezithambile: Ukukhulelwa kungenza isikhumba sibe sengozini kalula, ngakho khetha imikhiqizo eyenzelwe isikhumba esibucayi.
• Xhumana nodokotela wesikhumba: Uma unezinkinga ezithile zesikhumba, udokotela wesikhumba angakuncoma ezinye izindlela eziphephile ekukhulelweni ezihambisana nezidingo zakho.

Okunye Okungafakwa Esikhundleni Se-Retinol Ukulapha I-Acne Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

Abesifazane abaningi bahlangabezana ne-acne ebangelwa ama-hormone ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okungaba nzima ukuyilawula ngaphandle kwama-retinoid. Izindlela eziphephile ezinokunye esikhundleni zinikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo ngaphandle kokulimaza ukuphepha kukamama noma kwengane. Ezinye zezinketho ezithembekile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

1. I-Benzoyl Peroxide (Ngemithamo Ephansi): I-benzoyl peroxide iyinto eyaziwa kabanzi yokwelapha i-acne ngenxa yamandla ayo okunciphisa amagciwane abanga i-acne nokuvimbela imifinyana ukuthi ingavinjelwa. Uma isetshenziswa ngemithamo ephansi (u-2.5% noma ngaphansi), ibhekwa njengiphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma kufanele isetshenziswe kancane nangaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe bezempilo. Ukusebenzisa i-benzoyl peroxide njengendlela yokwelapha indawo ethize kunokuyifaka ezindaweni ezinkulu zesikhumba kungenza kunciphe kakhulu noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona kuyilapho isabhekisa kahle ekuqubukeni kwe-acne [8].
2. I-Azelaic Acid: I-azelaic acid ingenye inketho ephephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa eyaziwa ngezinzuzo zayo eziningi. Isiza ukuvulela imifinyana, inciphise ukuvuvukala, futhi ikhanyise amabala e-acne, okuyenza ilungele ukubhekana ne-acne yama-hormone kanye ne-post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. I-azelaic acid iphinde ibe nezakhiwo ezibulala amagciwane asiza ukulwa namagciwane abanga i-acne, konke lokhu kuyilapho ithambile ngokwanele esikhunjeni esizwelayo. Ukuyisebenzisa njalo kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni okubonakalayo ngaphandle kokubeka ingozi enganeni [9].
3. Ama-Cleanser Athambile: Ukusebenzisa i-cleanser engeyivimbi imifinyana (non-comedogenic), elinganiselwe ku-pH kubalulekile ekugcineni umgoqo wesikhumba onempilo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ama-cleanser aqukethe izinto ezithambisa isikhumba ezifana ne-chamomile, i-aloe vera, noma i-calendula angasiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokucasuka ngenkathi esusa uwoyela oweqile nokungcola kahle. Ukuhlanganisa inqubo yokuhlanza ethambile kabili ngosuku kuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhumba sihlala sihlanzekile futhi sincike kancane ekuqubukeni kwe-acne ngaphandle kokukhipha ngokweqile umswakama waso wemvelo.
4. Ama-Moisturizer Amanzi Futhi Angenawo Uwoyela: Ukuhlukahluka kwamahomoni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela isikhumba sikhiqize uwoyela ngokweqile, okungaholela ku-acne. Ukusebenzisa i-moisturizer elula, engenawo uwoyela equkethe izinto ezimanzi ezifana ne-hyaluronic acid noma i-glycerin kungasiza ukugcina ibhalansi yesikhumba ngaphandle kokwandisa ukuchoboza.

Indima Yochwepheshe Bezempilo Ekunakekeleni Isikhumba Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

Uma ungabaza nge-retinol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ezinye izinkinga zesikhumba, xhumana nochwepheshe bezempilo. Bangakunikeza isiqondiso ngemikhiqizo ephephile futhi bakusize ubhekane nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zesikhumba ngenkathi bephungula ubungozi kumntwana wakho. Ochwepheshe bezempilo banokufinyelela ocwaningweni lwakamuva futhi bangalungiselela iseluleko esimayelana nesimo sakho esiyingqayizivele, beqinisekisa kokubili impilo yesikhumba sakho nokuphepha kwengane yakho. Odokotela besikhumba (dermatologists) nabodokotela bokubelethisa (obstetricians) bavame ukusebenza ndawonye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhuba yokunakekela isikhumba ihambisana nezidingo zokukhulelwa, besiza ukweqa imibuzo ngemikhiqizo enjenge-retinol, ezinye izindlela ezihlukile, nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezithile ongase ube nazo.

Okuwukuphetha

Ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-retinyl palmitate pregnancy ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuvusa imibuzo ebalulekile ngokuphepha nokusebenza kahle. Noma i-retinyl palmitate imnene kunezinye izidakamizwa zochungechunge lwe-retinoid, indima yayo ekwandiseni izinga le-vitamin A iyonke isho ukuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuqaphela. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bahlolisise ezinye izindlela eziphephile ezifana ne-bakuchiol, i-vitamin C, ne-niacinamide ukuze bagcine isikhumba sinempilo kulesi sikhathi esiguqukayo. Ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi nangokubonisana nochwepheshe bezempilo, ungakwazi ukubhekana nokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngokuzethemba, uqinisekise impilo yakho kanye nokuphepha komntwana wakho. Ekugcineni, isinqumo sokusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-retinyl palmitate pregnancy kufanele sibeke eqhulwini ukuqaphela kanye nesiqondiso sochwepheshe.

Izinkomba:

1. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5280531, Vitamin A Palmitate. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Vitamin-A-Palmitate.  Kufinyelelwe ngo-Jan. 22, 2025.
2. Bastos Maia S, Rolland Souza AS, Costa Caminha MF, Lins da Silva S, Callou Cruz RSBL, Carvalho Dos Santos C, Batista Filho M. I-Vitamin A Nokukhulelwa: Ukubuyekezwa Okuchazayo. Nutrients. 2019 Mar 22;11(3):681. doi: 10.3390/nu11030681. PMID: 30909386; PMCID: PMC6470929.
3. Chen, H., Qian, N., Yan, L., & Jiang, H. (2018). Indima ye-vitamin A ne-E egazini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 16, 5185-5189. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6830 
4. Kaplan YC, Ozsarfati J, Etwel F, Nickel C, Nulman I, Koren G. Imiphumela yokukhulelwa ngemuva kokuchayeka kwentanga yokuqala emikhiqizweni efakwa esikhunjeni equkethe ama-retinoid: ukubuyekeza okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa okuhlanganisayo. Br J Dermatol. 2015 Nov;173(5):1132-41. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14053. Epub 2015 Oct 19. PMID: 26215715.
5. Nizam NN, Mahmud S, Ark SMA, Kamruzzaman M, Hasan MK. I-Bakuchiol, ingxenye yemvelo nezinzuzo zayo zezokwelapha. F1000Res. 2023 Nov 7;12:29. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.129072.2. PMID: 38021404; PMCID: PMC10683784.
6. Rumbold A, Ota E, Nagata C, Shahrook S, Crowther CA. Ukwengeza i-vitamin C ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 29;2015(9):CD004072. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004072.pub3. PMID: 26415762; PMCID: PMC9039972.
7. Putra IB, Jusuf NK, Dewi NK. Izinguquko zesikhumba nezinga lokuphepha lemikhiqizo efakwa esikhunjeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2022 Feb;15(2):49-57. PMID: 35309882; PMCID: PMC8884185.
8. Garg SP, Alvi S, Kundu RV. Ukuhlaziya izitayela ekwelashweni kwe-acne vulgaris ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: ucwaningo olubuyekeziwe emuva. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2023 Mar 9;9(1):e076. doi: 10.1097/JW9.0000000000000076. PMID: 36908583; PMCID: PMC9997801.
9. Murase JE, Heller MM, Butler DC. Ukuphepha kwemithi ye-dermatologic ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa: Ingxenye I. Ukukhulelwa. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Mar;70(3):401.e1-14; quiz 415. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.09.010. PMID: 24528911.