Ukukhathala Ngaphambi Kokubeletha: Ukuqonda Ukukhathala Njengesibonakaliso Sokusondela Kokubeletha

Ukukhulelwa uhambo oluyisimanga, eligcwele izinguquko zomzimba nezingokomzwelo ezilungiselela umzimba ukuzala. Njengoba isikhathi sokubeletha sisondela, abantu abaningi bazwa umuzwa ohlukile wokukhathala, kusukela ekukhathaleni okuncane kuya ekukhaphelekeni okukhulu. Lokhu ukukhathala ngaphambi kokubeletha kuwuphawu oluvamile kodwa luvame ukungacatshangwa, okushiya abaningi bezibuza ukuthi ingabe kuyinxenye ejwayelekile yenqubo noma uphawu lokuqala lokubeletha.

Ukuqonda izimbangela zalokhu ukukhathala ngaphambi kokubeletha kusiza omama abalindele ukuqaphela ukuthi kuyinxenye yemvelo yokulungiselela komzimba wabo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukubona ukuthi nini ukukhathala okungenzeka kuyisignali yokuqala yokubeletha, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezifana nokubanjwa kancane noma ingane "ehlela phansi". Ngokubona la maphethini, abantu bangalungiselela ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo ukubeletha okuzayo kuyilapho belawula amandla abo ngendlela ephumelelayo.

Kungani Ukukhathala Kwanda Ngaphambi Kokubeletha?

Amasonto okugcina okukhulelwa ayisikhathi esinzima emzimbeni, ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Izinto eziningana zifaka isandla ekukhathaleni okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukubeletha, okuhlanganisa izinguquko zamahomoni, ukungakhululeki emzimbeni, kanye nomthelela oqhubekayo wokuthwala ingane ekhulayo.

Ushintsho Lwamahomoni

Ezinsukwini noma emasontweni okugcina ngaphambi kokubeletha, umzimba ukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-oxytocin ne-relaxin. Lezi mahomoni yize zibalulekile ekulungiseleni isibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho ukuzalwa, zingaphazamisa amaphethini okulala, zandise ukukhathala okukhulu ngaphambi kokubeletha [1]. Omunye umgomo obalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okufanele ucabangelwe ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini i-EDD ekukhulelweni, ngoba ikunikeza isikhathi esicacile sokulungiselela ukubeletha kanye nokulindelwe ngosuku lokuzalwa.

Umthwalo Okomzimba

Ngesikhathi sesigaba sesithathu sokukhulelwa, usayizi nendawo yangaphakathi yomntwana kungadala ukungakhululeki okukhulu emzimbeni, njengobuhlungu emhlane nengcindezi ezintweni zangaphakathi zomzimba. Lokhu kwengezwa komthwalo kuvame ukuholela ekukhathaleni okukhulu ngaphambi kokubeletha.

Ukuphazamiseka Kokulala

Abantu abaningi abakhulelwe bahlala bevuka ebusuku ngenxa yesidingo sokuchama, ubunzima bokuthola indawo yokulala ekhululekile, noma ukukhathazeka ngokuzalwa okusondelayo. Lokhu kushoda kokulala okuqoqekayo kungaholela ekukhathaleni okukhulu ngaphambi kokubeletha. [2].

Isifiso Sokulungiselela Umntwana (Nesting Instinct)

Isifiso sokulungiselela umntwana (nesting instinct), esichazwa ngokuthi ukuqubuka kwamandla kungazelelwe kanye nesifiso esinamandla sokulungisa ikhaya ukuze kwamukelwe ingane, singaholela ekukhathaleni ngokweqile uma umuntu ezikhandla kakhulu kulesi sikhathi.

Izidingo Zokudla

Izidingo zamandla esikhathini sokukhulelwa sekugcineni ziphezulu, futhi ukudla okunganele noma ukungaphuzi amanzi okwanele kungakhulisa umuzwa wokukhathala okwedlulele ngaphambi kokubeletha.

Ukuhlukanisa Phakathi Kokukhathala Okuvamile Nokukhathala Okwedlulele

Nakuba ukukhathala kuyimpawu evamile yokukhulelwa, ukukhathala okwedlulele ngaphambi kokubeletha abanye abantu abakuvezayo kuvame ukuhluka ngobuningi kwako. Kungazwakala kukhithekile kakhulu, kuze kube ukuthi nemisebenzi elula idinga umzamo omkhulu. Ukuqaphela lo mehluko kungasiza ukunquma ukuthi ukukhathala kuyingxenye yenqubo evamile yokubeletha noma uma kuhlobene nezinye izinkinga, ezifana nokushoda kwegazi (anemia), isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, noma ukucindezeleka ngokomqondo (depression).

Izici ezisemqoka zokukhathala okuhlobene nokubeletha zifaka:

• Ukukhathala okwanda kungazelelwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.
• Umuzwa ojulile wokukhathala ongathuthuki nokuphumula.
• Ukukhathala okuhambisana nezinye izimpawu zangaphambi kokubeletha, ezifana nokuqunjelwa kwe-Braxton Hicks, "lightening" (lapho ingane yehla iye esiswini), noma igazi elincane eliphumayo (bloody show).

Indlela Ukukhathala Okuxhumene Ngayo Nezigaba Zokubeletha

Ukukhathala kuyinto evamile ngesikhathi sokubeletha, futhi kuvame ukuqala njengophawu lokuthi umzimba usuqala ukungena esigabeni sokubeletha esisebenzayo. Lokhu ukukhathala okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba kubelethwe kungahambisana nezimpawu zokuqala zokubeletha ezifana nokuvuleka nokuncipha komlomo wesibeletho, okubonisa ukuthi umzimba uzilungiselela ukuzalwa. Njengoba ukubeletha kuqhubekela kwezinye izigaba zalo, ukukhathala kuyashintsha, kubonisa ukuthi izidingo zomzimba nezingokomzwelo ziya zanda.

Isigaba Sokuqala Sokubeletha

Esigabeni sokuqala, ukukhathala okuncane kungaqhubeka njengoba umlomo wesibeletho uvuleka kancane aze afinyelele cishe ku-3-4 centimeters. Lesi sigaba singathatha amahora noma ngisho nezinsuku, kuye ngomuntu. Ngalesi sikhathi, abanye abantu babika ukukhathala okwedlulele ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuzalwa, ikakhulukazi uma belele kabi noma bebenezinhlungu ezithathekisayo isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwalesi sigaba. Njengoba ukuqunjelwa kuvame ukuba buthaka futhi kungajwayelekile, lena yithuba elihle kakhulu lokuphumula, ukonga amandla, nokuzilungiselela izigaba ezinzima ezilandelayo. Ukudla okukhanyayo, ukuphuza amanzi okwanele, nezindlela zokuphumula ezifana nokuphefumula okuhleliwe kungasiza ukugcina amandla kulesi sigaba.

Isigaba Sokubeletha Esisebenzayo

Isigaba sokubeletha esisebenzayo siqala lapho umlomo wesibeletho uvuleka ufinyelele cishe ku-4 amasentimitha futhi imihlungu iqala ukuba njalo futhi ibe namandla kakhulu. Umzamo womzimba odingekayo ukuphatha le mihlangu ukhuphuka kakhulu, futhi abaningi bazizwa bekhathele kakhulu ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ukuhlala unamanzi emzimbeni nokudla ukudla okulula okulula ukugaya kungasiza ukugcina izinga lamandla. Ukusekelwa komzimba okuvela kumlingani wokubeletha, njengokuthambisa (massage) noma ukuqondisa ekushintsheni izikhundla, nakho kunganciphisa omunye umthwalo womzimba futhi kuthuthukise amandla kulesi sigaba [3].

Isigaba Sokuguquka

Isigaba sokuguquka, lapho umlomo wesibeletho uvuleka usuka ku-8 uye ku-10 amasentimitha, sivame ukuba yisigaba esinzima kakhulu ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo ekubeletheni. Imihlungu iba namandla, ithathe isikhathi eside, futhi ivame kakhulu, icindezele umzimba ufinyelele emkhawulweni wawo. Ukukhathala ngokuvamile kufinyelela phezulu kulesi sigaba, abanye bekuchaza njengokukhathala okukhulu kakhulu ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo nokuqinisekiswa okuvela kumlingani wokubeletha noma ithimba lezokwelapha kubalulekile ekusizeni ukuphatha lesi sikhathi esinzima. Amasu afana nokuphefumula okuhlekene nomrhythm, ukugxila okuqondisiwe, nezinyathelo zokunikeza induduzo emzimbeni (isb., ama-compress afudumele noma ibhola lokubeletha) anganikeza ukukhululeka [4].

Ukubhekana Nokukhathala Okukhulu Ngaphambi Kokubeletha

Ukuphatha ukukhathala okwedlulele ngaphambi kokubeletha kudinga inhlanganisela yokuphumula, ukudla okunempilo, nokwesekwa ngokomzwelo. Nawa amasu angakusiza ukubhekana nakho:

1. Beka Ukuphumula Phambili

Lalela umzimba wakho uphumule noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona. Ukulala kancane noma imizuzu embalwa yokuphumula buthule kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezingeni lamandla.

2. Hlala Unamanzi Emzimbeni

Ukushoda kwamanzi emzimbeni kungakhuphula ukukhathala, ngakho qinisekisa ukuthi uphuza uketshezi olwanele usuku lonke.

3. Thuthukisa Ukudla Okunempilo

Ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile okunothe ngoprotein, amafutha anempilo, nama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi kungasiza ukugcina amandla esezingeni eliphezulu. Ukudla okufana namantongomane, inyama enenonile elincane, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, nemifino eluhlaza kungaba ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu.

4. Phathisa Imisebenzi

Cela usizo emndenini noma kubangani ukuphatha imisebenzi yasekhaya noma imithwalo. Gwema ukuzikhandla ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokulungiselela ukufika komntwana ekhaya (nesting phase).

5. Zilolonge Ukulawula Ukucindezeleka

Amasu afana nokuphefumula ngokujulile, ukuzindla, noma i-prenatal yoga angasiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokukhuthaza ukuphumula, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokulala.

6. Xhumana Nomelaphi Wakho Wezempilo

Uma ukukhathala kuzwakala kukhulu kakhulu noma kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo, njengesiyezi noma ukuphelelwa umoya, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma umbelethisi ukuze kususwe izinkinga zezokwelapha.

Nini Okufanele Ufune Iseluleko Sodokotela

Nakuba ukukhathala okwedlulele ngaphambi kokubeletha kuvame ukuba yingxenye ejwayelekile yokukhulelwa ezinsukwini zokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kungase kubonise inkinga efihlekile nini. Izimo ezifana ne-preeclampsia, i-anemia, noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid zingabangelela ekukhathaleni okweqile futhi zingadinga ukunakwa kwezokwelashwa ngokushesha.

Izimpawu ezidinga ukuthi ushayele umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo zifaka:

• Ukukhathala okuzumayo nokukhulu okungathuthuki nhlobo.
• Ukukhathala okuhambisana nokuvuvukala, izinhloko ezibuhlungu, noma ukuphazamiseka kombono (okungaba izimpawu ze-preeclampsia).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.

Umthelela wokomzwelo wokukhathala okwedlulele ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukubeletha uvame ukunganakwa kodwa ungakhathaza njengokukhathala ngokomzimba. Njengoba ukubeletha kusondela, abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe bazizwa bexubene injabulo, ukulangazelela nokukhathazeka. Nokho, ukukhathala okukhulu kungayenza le mizwa ibe nzima, kuholele ekudumaleni, ukungazethemba, noma imizwa yokungabi naso isasasa, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona isifiso esinamandla sokuqedela amalungiselelo okwamukela usana.

Isifiso sokuzilungiselela indlu (nesting instinct), ngokwesibonelo, singaholela ekutheni umuntu azikhandle ngokweqile kulesi sikhathi esibucayi, kudale ukungqubuzana phakathi kwesidingo somzimba sokuphumula nesifiso sengqondo sokuthi "akulungiswe konke." Lolu kuhlukaniseka lungakhulisa imizwa yokuzisola noma ukudumala ngokungakwazanga ukwenza konke ababekuthembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungaqiniseki ngesikhathi sokuqala kokubeletha kanye nokukhathala komzimba ekugcineni kwesisu kungandisa ukukhathazeka, okungaphazamisa kakhulu impilo yokomoya.

Ukuthatha le mizwa njengezinto ezijwayelekile kubalulekile. Ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhathala okwedlulele ngaphambi kokubeletha kuyingxenye evamile yokulungiselela komzimba kungasiza ukunciphisa imizwa yokudumala. Ukufuna ukwesekwa kubathandekayo, kumeluleki noma emphakathini wababelethisi kunikeza induduzo kanye nezeluleko ezisebenzayo, kunciphisa ingcindezi. Ukwakha ukuqina ngokomzwelo ngokuxhumana okuvulekile nokuzwelana nawe uqobo kuqinisekisa ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bazizwa benamandla futhi belungele ulwazi oluguqula impilo lokubeletha.

Okubalulekile Ekugcineni

Lokhu ukukhathala ngaphambi kokubeletha kuvame ukubangelwa ukuhlanganisana kokushintsha kwamahomoni, umthwalo womzimba, nokulindela ngokomzwelo. Njengoba isikhathi sokubeletha sisondela, ukuzwa ukukhathala okukhulu kuyimpendulo yemvelo emizimbeni emikhudlwana yokulungiselela ukuzalwa kwengane. Umzimba usebenza ngaphandle kokukhathala kulesi sigaba, ukhipha amahomoni afana ne-oxytocin ne-relaxin ukuze ulungise umlomo wesibeletho nesibeletho ukuze kube ukulethwa, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ubhekana nezinselelo zomzimba zokuthwala ingane esigabeni sokugcina sokukhulelwa. Yize lokhu kukhatheka kungase kuzwe kukhulu kakhulu, ukuqonda umsuka kwakho nokusebenzisa izindlela ezisebenzayo zokukuphatha kungenza ushintshe kalula uye esigabeni somsebenzi osebenzayo.

Ukuphumula kuba yisisekelo ngalesi sikhathi, ngoba ukonga amandla kubalulekile ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi onzima womsebenzi wokubeletha. Uma kuhlangene nokudla okunempilo nokunisela umzimba kahle, ukuphumula kungasiza ukuvuselela izinqolobane zamandla omzimba. Kubaluleke ngokulinganayo nokunakekela impilo yengqondo, ngoba ukukhathazeka noma ingcindezi kungakhuphula ukukhathala. Imikhuba efana nokuzindla, i-prenatal yoga elula, noma ukuzethemba ohlelweni lokweseka inganikeza induduzo kanye nokubekezela.

Ekugcineni, nakuba ukukhathala okwedlulele kungakaqala umsebenzi kungase kube yinselele, kuvame ukuba uphawu lwesikhashana noluvamile lokuthi ukuzala sekusondele. Ngokuzigcina unolwazi, ufune ukwesekwa, futhi uhloniphe izidingo zomzimba wakho, ungawuqondisa lo mzuzu ngokuzethemba, ubeke isisekelo sokuhlangenwe nakho okunamandla kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Izinkomba:

1. Reeves N, Potempa K, Gallo A. Ukukhathala ekukhulelweni kokuqala. Ucwaningo lokuhlola. J Nurse Midwifery. 1991 Sep-Oct;36(5):303-9. doi: 10.1016/0091-2182(91)90045-q. PMID: 1757816.
2. Effati-Daryani F, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mohammadi A, Zarei S, Mirghafourvand M. Ukukhathala nezinga lekhwalithi yokulala kuma-trimester ahlukene okukhulelwa. Sleep Sci. 2021 Jan-Mar;14(Spec 1):69-74. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200091. PMID: 34917276; PMCID: PMC8663733.
3. Ebrahimzadeh S, Golmakani N, Kabirian M, Shakeri MT. Ucwaningo ngobudlelwano phakathi kokukhathala kukamama nephatheni lokuncipha kwesibeletho esigabeni esisebenzayo somsebenzi wokuya esibhedlela. J Clin Nurs. 2012 Jun;21(11-12):1563-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04084.x. Epub 2012 Apr 23. PMID: 22519453.
4. Milligan RA, Pugh LC. Ukukhathala phakathi nesikhathi sokuthwala nokubeletha. Annu Rev Nurs Res. 1994;12:33-49. PMID: 7986577.

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