Amabele Abuhlungu Nokungafiki Esikhathini: Uxhumano Phakathi Kobuhlungu Bamabele Nokuphuthelwa Kokuya Esikhathini

Ubuhlungu besifuba obuhambisana nokudlula kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini bungakhombisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinguquko zomzimba neze-hormone ngaphakathi komzimba. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukusebenza njengendlela umzimba okhombisa ngayo ukushintsha emsebenzini wamahomoni, okungase kuhlobene nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, ukukhulelwa, ingcindezi, noma izifo ezingaphansi. Nakuba isifuba esibuhlungu nokungayi esikhathini kungaba into ejwayelekile futhi edlula ngokushesha, kungabuye kubonise ukukhathazeka okukhulu okudinga ukunakwa, njengokuphazamiseka kwendlala yegilo (thyroid) noma ukungajwayelekile kohlelo lokuzala.

Izizathu Eziyinhloko Zobuhlungu Besifuba: Kungani Kwenzeka?

Ukuguquguquka kwamahomoni kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zalezi zimpawu. Amazinga e-estrogen ne-progesterone ayakhuphuka futhi ehle phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, elawula ukuzwela kwezicubu zesifuba kanye nesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Uma leli bhalansi liphazamiseka—ngenxa yezinto ezifana nengcindezi, izinguquko endleleni yokuphila, noma izifo—lokho kungaholela ekudlulelweni noma ekubambezelekeni kokuya esikhathini kuhambisane nobuhlungu besifuba. [1].

Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zimpawu zixhunyaniswa nokuqala kokukhulelwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuqubuka kwamahomoni kulungiselela umzimba ukuxhasa umbungu okhula, okuvame ukuholela ekutheni izifuba zibe buhlungu, zivuvuke nokuthi kubekhona ukudlula kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini njengezinye zezimpawu zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu azigcini ngokukhulelwa kuphela. Zingavela futhi ngenxa yokulawula inzalo ngamahomoni, isikhathi sangaphambi kokumiswa kokuya esikhathini (perimenopause), noma ngisho nezimo ezifana nesifo se-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Ukuqonda umongo walezi zimpawu kubalulekile. Ukuqaphela ezinye izimpawu ezihamba nazo—ezinjengesiyezi, ukukhathala, ukushintsha kwesifiso sokudla, noma uketshezi olungajwayelekile—kungasiza ukunciphisa imbangela engaba khona. Kubalulekile futhi ukulandelela amaphethini omjikelezo wokuya esikhathini nokubonana nodokotela wezempilo uma izimpawu ziqhubeka, ziba zimbi, noma zihambisana nobuhlungu obungajwayelekile noma ukungakhululeki.

Ubuhlungu ngenxa yoketshezi olubanjwe emzimbeni

Izicubu zesifuba zizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwamazinga amahomoni, okwenza zibe inkomba ethembekile yezinguquko eziyisisekelo ohlelweni lwama-hormone lomzimba. Amahomoni afana ne-estrogen ne-progesterone adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, futhi noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ekulinganiseni kwawo kungaholela ezinguqukweni ezibonakalayo ezithinyeni zesifuba. Lawa ma-hormone athinta ngqo imithambo yobisi (milk ducts) namalobule, okubangela ukuthi izicubu zivuvuke, zibambe uketshezi, futhi zibe buhlungu lapho zithintwa.

Lapho kuba nezinguquko ezinkulu kumazinga ama-hormone—kungaba ngenxa yokukhulelwa, umjikelezo ongajwayelekile, ingcindezi, noma ezinye izimbangela—umzimba uphendula ngokwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi emabeleni. Lokhu kugeleza kwegazi okwandayo, kuhambisana nokubanjwa kwamanzi emzimbeni, kungadala imizwa ehlukahlukene kusukela ekungakhululeki okuncane kuya ebuhlungwini obukhulu. Kwezinye iziguli, lokhu kungazwakala njengobuhlungu obuthambile noma ukuminyana, kanti kwabanye kuba nokuzwela okukhulu uma bethintwa noma ubuhlungu obubukhali, obudutshuzayo.

Pho, ubuhlungu bobabelethwana buzizwa bunjani kulezi zimo? Bungahluka kakhulu kuye ngembangela. Ngokwesibonelo, esigabeni sangaphambi kokuya esikhathini, lobu buhlungu buvame ukuvela njengobuhlungu obujwayelekile obuhambisana nokuvuvukala, obuvame ukuphela uma ukuya esikhathini sekuqale. Nokho, uma kukhona ukungalingani kwama-hormone noma ukukhulelwa, lo muzwa ungahlala isikhathi eside futhi uzwakale uqine kakhulu.

Ukuqonda imbangela eyisisekelo yalobu buhlungu kubalulekile. Ukungalingani kwama-hormone kungavela ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, ingcindezi, izifo ezifana nesifo se-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), noma ngisho nokusebenzisa amakhambi okulwa nokukhulelwa aqukethe ama-hormone. Ukulungiselela amarekhodi alezi zimpawu kanye nezinye izinguquko emzimbeni, ezifana nokuphuthelwa kokuya esikhathini noma ukopha/uketshezi okungajwayelekile, kunganikeza imikhondo ebalulekile yokuxilonga nokwelapha.

Izinguquko zama-hormone Ekukhulelweni Kwasekuqaleni

Enye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu futhi ezaziwa kahle zokuba ubabelethwana ubuhlungu kanye nokuphuthelwa kokuya esikhathini ukukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni. Ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba udlula ezinguqukweni ezinkulu zama-hormone ukuze usekele ukukhula kwe-embryo futhi ulungiselele ukuncelisa. Amahomoni i-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), i-estrogen, ne-progesterone ayanda kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala sokukhulelwa, edlala indima ebalulekile ekuzivumelaniseni komzimba nalezi zinguquko. Lokhu kukhuphuka kwama-hormone kungaholela ezinguqukweni ezibonakalayo emabeleni, okuhlanganisa ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, nokwanda kokuzwela. Enye into ehlobene okufanele uyibheke ukuzizwa kudikizela emawuncwini, okwezinye izikhathi kungase kubonise ukukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni noma ezinye izinguquko zama-hormone. Noma ubani othatha ukwelashwa ngama-hormone angase abe nobuhlungu emabeleni ngenxa ye-estrogen ephezulu [2].

Ubuhlungu bamabele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa buvame ukuzwakala bujuluke kakhulu kunobuhlungu obuncane obuhlobene ne-premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Bungahambisana nezinye izinguquko, ezifana nokuba mnyama noma makhulu areola, imithambo yegazi ebonakalayo ngenxa yokwanda kokugeleza kwegazi, ngisho nemizwa yokuhlinza okuncane. Isimpawu esivamile esihambisana nalokhu yizinhlunu ezibuhlungu kodwa kungekho sikhathi, okukhombisa umzimba ulungiselela ukuncelisa. Lezi zinguquko zokuqala zenzeka njengoba izindlala zobisi ziqala ukuthuthuka ngenxa yamahomoni okukhulelwa.

Ingabe Izinhlunu Eziqinile Ziwuphawu Lokukhulelwa Kokuqala Noma Lokusondela Kokuya Esikhathini?

Umbuzo ovamise ukubuzwa phakathi kwabantu abanezinkinga zokuzwela kwezinhlunu ukuthi, ingabe izinhlunu eziqinile uphawu lokukhulelwa kokuqala noma lokusondela kokuya esikhathini. Zombili lezi zimo zingabangela ukuzwela kwezinhlunu nokuqina kwesikhashana ngenxa yezinguquko zamahomoni, kodwa kukhona umehluko omncane ongase usize ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo.

Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, ukuzwela kwezinhlunu kuvame ukuhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, isicanucanu, nokuzwela kakhulu emaphungwini. Lezi zinguquko zibangelwa amazinga aphezulu e-hCG ne-progesterone, ezihlukile ekukhulelweni futhi ezingavamisile ukubonakala ngesikhathi se-PMS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko zamabele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zivame ukuqhubeka futhi ziqine ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokungafani nokuzwela okuhlobene ne-PMS, okuvame ukuphela uma sekusungule ukuhamba kokuya esikhathini [3].

Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize ubuhlungu bamabele obuhlobene ne-PMS buvame ukuba buhambisane kuzo zombili izinhlangothi futhi busakazeke, izinguquko ezihlobene nokukhulelwa zingahlanganisa inhlanganisela yokuzwela kwezinhlunu, izinguquko endaweni ezungeze izinhlunu (areola), kanye nomuzwa wokusinda noma ukugcwala emabeleni. Lawa mehluko, ahlanganiswe nezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ezifana nokuphuthelwa kokuya esikhathini nokwanda kokuchama, enza ukukhulelwa kube incazelo engaba khona yokuthi amabele abuhlungu kodwa akukho sikhathi. Nokho, i-ikhithi yokuzihlola ukukhulelwa yasekhaya noma ukubonana nodokotela kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa.

Ingabe Ungakhulelwa Unganabuhlungu Emabeleni?

Yize amabele abuhlungu eyindlela evame kakhulu ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, akuwona uphawu olutholakala kubo bonke. Abanye abantu bangase bathole ukuthi baphuthelwe yisikhathi sokuba nesikhathi kodwa amabele bengabuhlungu babuze, ngingakhulelwa? Yebo, kungenzeka. Ukukhulelwa ngakunye kwehlukile, futhi ukungabi bikho kobuhlungu bamabele akusho ukuthi awukhulelwe. Izinto ezifana nezinga lamahomoni omuntu ngamunye nokuzwela kwezicubu zamabele zidlala indima.

Ukungajwayeleki Kokuya Esikhathini Nezimpawu Zamabele

Uma ubhekene namabele abuhlungu kodwa ungayi esikhathini, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Ukubambezeleka noma ukushelelwa isikhathi okuhambisana nobuhlungu bemabele kungase kubonise ukungalingani kwamahomoni okubangelwa ukucindezeleka, i-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid. Lezi zimo zivame ukubangela ukubambezeleka kokuya esikhathini kuyilapho ziphinde zibangela ukungakhululeki emabeleni. [4].

Kulezi zimo, ukuqonda ukuthi amabele abuhlungu azwakala kanjani kungakusiza uqonde okwenzekayo. Ukungakhululeki kungasukela ekutheni kube ukuvuvuka okuncane nokuzwela kuye ebuhlungwini obuhlaba, obudubulayo kuye ngokuthi iyini imbangela eyisisekelo.

Indima Yemishanguzo Yokuvikela Ukukhulelwa Enamahoma

Imishanguzo yamahomoni yokuvikela ukukhulelwa, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo nama-implant, ingaguqula amazinga amahomoni futhi iholele ekutheni kube nobuhlungu emabeleni ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba lemishanguzo ivimbela ukukhululeka kweqanda, okuthinta izinguquko zamahomoni zomjikelezo ezilawula ukuya esikhathini nobuhlungu bemabele.

Uma uzwa izinso ezibuhlungu noma ubuhlungu emithanjeni yamabele kodwa ungayi esikhathini ngesikhathi usebenzisa imishanguzo yokuvikela ukukhulelwa, kungenzeka ukuthi kubangelwa amahomoni okwenziwa (synthetic) akule mithi alingisa izimpawu zokukhulelwa.

Ukucindezeleka Nezinto Ezihlobene Nendlela Osebenzisa Ngayo Impilo

Ukucindezeleka kunomthelela omkhulu emzimbeni, futhi owodwa wemiphumela yakhona ukuvusa ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Izinga eliphezulu lokucindezeleka lingabambezela ukukhululeka kweqanda noma likuyeke nhlobo, okungaholela ekushiyweni isikhathi kanye nobuhlungu bemabele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungalali kahle, ukudla okungelona elinempilo, nokuzivocavoca ngokweqile kungandisa ukungalingani kwamahomoni, okungenza ubuhlungu bemabele bube bukhulu.

Kulabo abasondela eminyakeni yokuphela kokuya esikhathini, incazelo yokuthi “amabele abuhlungu” ingadlulela ngale kokukhulelwa noma ukuya esikhathini. Izinguquko zamahomoni ngesikhathi se‑perimenopause zivame ukubangela ukuya esikhathini okungahleleki kanye nobuhlungu bemabele. Kulezi zimo, ukukhathazeka emabeleni kungaba kukhulu kakhulu futhi kuqhubeke isikhathi eside kunalokho okwenzeka emjikelezweni ojwayelekile wokuya esikhathini.

Indlela Yokwehlukanisa Izimbangela Zobuhlungu Bemabele

Ubuhlungu bemabele bungazwakala buhlukile kuye ngokuthi iyini imbangela eyisisekelo. Pho-ke, imabele abuhlungu azwakala kanjani ezimeni ezihlukahlukene?

1. PMS (izimpawu zangaphambi kokuya esikhathini): Ubuhlungu obuthambile obuhambisana nokuvuvuka, obuvame ukuphela uma ukuya esikhathini sekuqalile.
2. Ukhulelwe: Ubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu obuhambisana nomuzwa wokuvuvuka nokugcwala.
3. Ukucindezeleka noma Ukungalingani Kwamahomoni: Ubuhlungu obuvamile obungalandeli iphethini eliqondakalayo.
4. Iminyaka yokuphela kokuya esikhathini (Menopause): Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo obuvame ukuhambisana nokungahleleki noma ukushelelwa yizikhathi.

Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Uzwa Ubuhlungu Emabeleni Futhi Kweshele Esikhathi

Uma uqaphela ubuhlungu emabeleni kodwa ungaqhamuki esikhathini, kubalulekile ukulandelela ezinye izimpawu futhi ucabange ngezinto ezithinta indlela ophila ngayo. Izivivinyo zokukhulelwa zasekhaya zingakunikeza impendulo ecacile, kodwa kunconywa ukuyobonana nochwepheshe wezempilo uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi kakhulu.

Ukubhekana nezimbangela eziyisisekelo, kungaba ukungalingani kwama-hormone, ingcindezi, noma ukukhulelwa okungenzeka, kunganciphisa ukungakhululeki. Kulabo abazibuza, “Kuzwakala kanjani isifuba esibuhlungu uma sibangelwa izifo ezinzima ezifana nokutheleleka noma ama-cyst?” ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ubuhlungu bendawo ethile, ububomvu, noma iminyana ebonakalayo, okudinga ukunakwa kwezokwelashwa ngokushesha.

Okusemqoka

Ukuhlangabezana nesifuba esibuhlungu kodwa kungekho sikhathi sokuya esikhathini kungaba isimo esididayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi esikhathazayo, njengoba lezi zimpawu zingavela ezimbangeleni eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Nakuba kuvame ukuba akuyona inkinga enkulu, kungase futhi kubonise izinguquko ezibalulekile emzimbeni, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingase zibe ngemuva kwalezi zimpawu.

Enye yezincazelo ezivame kakhulu ukukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni, lapho ukushintsha kwama-hormone kulungiselela umzimba ukusekela umbungu okhulayo. Ukwanda kwama-hormone afana ne-estrogen ne-progesterone ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuvame ukudala ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala nokuzwela esifubeni. Lezi zinguquko ziyingxenye yokulungiselela komzimba ukuncelisa futhi zingahambisana nezinye izimpawu ezinjengesiyezi, ukukhathala, nokwanda komuzwa wokunuka. Uma kukholakala ukuthi kukhona ukukhulelwa, ukuthatha ukuhlolwa bese uxhumana nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungaletha ukucaca.

Ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelashwa akubaluleki kuphela ukuze uthole ukuthula kwengqondo kodwa futhi ukuze uqinisekise ukunakekelwa okufanele okuhlelwe izidingo zakho zempilo siqu. Uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo angakwazi ukwenza ukuhlolwa okudingekayo ukuze akhiphe izifo ezifihlekile, aqinisekise ukukhulelwa, noma ancome ukwelashwa kokungalingani kwama-hormone. Ngokulalela umzimba wakho nokufuna usizo lwezokwelashwa ngesikhathi, ungathatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuziqonda nokuphatha lezi zimpawu ngempumelelo.

Izinkomba:

1. Office on Women’s Health. Izinguquko zomzimba nokungakhululeki. (2019). Kutholwe ngomhlaka- 02/Jan/2025. Kutholakala-  https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/body-changes-and-discomforts
2. Crandall CJ, Markovic D, Huang MH, Greendale GA. Izinto ezibikezelayo zokungakhululeki esifubeni kwabesifazane abaqala ukwelashwa ngama-hormone enkathazo yokuyeka ukuya esikhathini. Menopause. 2010 May-Jun;17(3):462-70. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181c29e68. PMID: 20009961; PMCID: PMC2866780.
3. I-athikili yejenali. Reena Vashi, Regina Hooley, Reni Butler, Jaime Geisel, Liane Philpotts. Ukuthwebula izithombe zesifuba kowesifazane okhulelwe nowancelisayo: Izinguquko zomzimba nezinto ezivamile ezingelona igciwane elibi. [2013]. American Journal of Roentgenology. [Page:329-336]. 200. 2. 10.2214/AJR.12.9845. 23345354. https://www.ajronline.org/doi/abs/10.2214/AJR.12.9845
4. I-fibrosis nama-cyst alula esifubeni. I-American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/fibrosis-and-simple-cysts-in-the-breast.html. Kufinyelelwe ngomhlaka 2 Jan. 2025