Ukudikizela kwamathontsana obisi: Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokukhulelwa noma okunye?

Ukuthuthumela kwezingono noma kwamabele kuwumuzwa abesifazane abaningi abawuzwa ezikhathini ezahlukene zokuphila kwabo. Kungazwakala njengokubanjwa izinhlavu, umuzwa wokushisa kancane, noma nje ukuvuka komuzwa wokuzwela kakhulu.

Umuzwa wokuthuthumela noma ukubuhlungu okuthambile emabeleni uvamise ukuhlotshaniswa nokukhulelwa [1]. Nokho, lo muzwa ungavela izikhathi eziningana phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, okungase kudide noma yimuphi owesifazane ozama ukukhulelwa futhi ofuna izimpawu zokukhulelwa.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi ukuthuthumela kwezingono kusho ukuthini ezigabeni ezahlukene zomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini nokuthi nini lapho kuba uphawu lokukhulelwa ngempela. Lesi sihloko sizokusiza futhi uqonde ukuthi izinguquko emabeleni zingaba nini uphawu lwento enkulu kakhulu, njengomdlavuza wamabele.

Ingabe ukuya esikhathini kungabangela ukuthuthumela kwezingono?

Ukuya esikhathini yigaba lokuqala lomjikelezo wokuzalana kowesifazane, lapho udonga lwesibeletho lukhishwa futhi kubangele ukuphuma kwegazi lesikhathi. Abesifazane abaningi baqala ukuqaphela izinguquko emabeleni abo ngaphambi nangaphakathi nangesikhathi beya esikhathini. Ukuthuthumela kwamabele ngalesi sikhathi kuyingxenye yezimpawu zesifo sangaphambi kokuya esikhathini [2].

Kungani Lokhu Kwenzeka?

Amazinga e-estrogen ne-progesterone aba phezulu kakhulu ezinsukwini ezisondela ngosuku lakho lokuya esikhathini. Lawa ma-hormone alungiselela umzimba wakho ukukhulelwa okungenzeka futhi enza izicubu zamabele zigcine uketshezi futhi zibe sengathi zizwela kakhulu. Lokhu kuzwela okwengeziwe kungaholela emzweni wokuthuthumela.

Lo muzwa wokuthuthumela nokubuhlungu okuncane ungazwakala ujulile kwabanye abesifazane ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukuya esikhathini. Kwezinye izimo, abesifazane bangaqhubeka bewuzwa lo muzwa ngisho nangesikhathi beya esikhathini.

Ukuhlukanisa Ukuthuthumela Okuhlobene Nokuya Esikhathini

Ukuthuthumela okuhlobene nokuya esikhathini kuvamise ukwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili yomjikelezo, okuyisigaba se-luteal. Kuvame ukuphela uma seliqale ukuya esikhathini noma kungakadluli isikhathi eside. Kukhona futhi amathuba amaningi okuthi uzwe nezinye izimpawu zesifo sangaphambi kokuya esikhathini, kuhlanganise nokushintsha kwemizwa, ukuvuvukala esiswini, noma ubuhlungu obuncane bokukrampa esiswini [2].

Ingabe ukuphuma kweqanda kungabangela ukuthuthumela kwezingono?

Ukuphuma kweqanda (ovulation) kuba ngesikhathi isidlala samaqanda sikhipha iqanda [3]. Lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi nomjikelezo wakho wanyanga zonke, ngokuvamile ngosuku lwesi-14 lomjikelezo wezinsuku ezingu-28. Abesifazane abaningi babika izinguquko ezicubwini zamabele kanye nomuzwa wokuthuthumela noma ubuhlungu ngalesi sikhathi.

Kungani Lokhu Kwenzeka?

Ngaphambi nje kokuphuma kweqanda, amahomoni e-estrogen afinyelela ezingeni lawo eliphezulu, kanti i-hormone ye-luteinizing nayo iqala ukukhuphuka ngokuzumayo [3]. Lezi zinguquko kumahomoni zingenza izicubu zamabele zizwele kakhulu, okuholela emzweni wokundikindika noma wokugwazwa kancane.

Umehluko Ekudikizelweni Okuxhumene Nokuvuthwa Kwamaqanda

Ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda kwenzeka maphakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, ngakho-ke izinguquko ezicutshini zamabele nomuzwa wokundikindika phakathi nomjikelezo cishe zibangelwa ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda. Ngokwesibonelo, ungase uqale ukuqaphela le mizwa izinsuku eziyi-14 ngaphambi kosuku olwalulindelekile lokuqala kokuya esikhathini.

Ubuhlungu bemabele obubangelwa ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda buvame ukuqhubeka amahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ungase futhi uzwe nezinye izimpawu zokuvuthwa kwamaqanda ngaphezu kwale mizwa, okuhlanganisa ubuhlungu obuncane besisu, ukwanda koketshezi lwesibeletho, noma ukukhuphuka okuncane kwezinga lokushisa komzimba [4].

Ingabe Ukukhulelwa Kungabangela Amathibisi Adikizelayo?

Ukukhulelwa kubangela izinguquko ezibonakalayo ezicutshini zamabele, okuhlanganisa ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, kanye nemizwa yokundikindika. Ubuhlungu bemabele bungenye yezimpawu ezisobala zokuqala zokukhulelwa.

Kungani Lokhu Kwenzeka?

Ngemva kokuchanyushelwa kweqanda nokuzifaka, umzimba uqala ukukhiqiza i-progesterone ne-estrogen eningi ukuze ulungise umzimba ezinguqukweni ezihambisana nokukhulelwa. Lawa mahomoni angathinta izicubu zamabele, eziwulungisele ukukhiqiza ubisi [5]. Ukugeleza kwegazi okwandayo emabeleni, nalo-ke, kungafaka isandla ekundikindikeni noma ekuzweni kakhulu.

Umehluko Ekudikizelweni Okuxhumene Nokukhulelwa

Ngokungafani nokundikindiki okubangelwa ukuya esikhathini noma ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda, ukundikindiki okuhlobene nokukhulelwa kungaqala masinyane esontweni elilodwa nje ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwamaqanda. Yilapho iqanda elichanyushelwe lifakwa esibelethweni.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimo, abesifazane bavame ukuqalisa ukuqaphela nezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, njengokungaphuzi kokuya esikhathini, isicanucanu, ukukhathala, noma ukuya endlini yangasese njalo ngalesi sikhathi [6]. Ngakho-ke, uma uzwa ukundikindiki kwamabele ngesikhathi usuvele wehluleke ukuya esikhathini, kunamathuba amakhulu okuthi ukhulelwe. Uma uzwa ukwanda kokuzwa ebusweni bethibisi noma ukungakhululeki, njengomuzwa wokushisa, kungasiza ukufunda kabanzi nge-ukukhulelwa okuhambisana nokushisa kwamathibisi ukuze uqonde imbangela yakhona engaba khona nemithelela yayo.

Ezinye Izimpawu Zokuqala Zokukhulelwa

Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokukhulelwa, umzimba wakho udlula ezinguqukweni ezinkulu zomzimba ukuze wamukele ingane ekhula ngaphakathi [7]. Ngaphezu kobuhlungu noma ukuzwela kwamabele, omama abakhulelwe babona nezinye izimpawu eziningi zokukhulelwa kulesi sikhathi. Lezi zifaka phakathi:

• Ukuphoswa Isikhathi Sokuya Esikhathini: Lapho usukhulelwe, izinguquko ezahlukene zamahomoni zivimbela ukugqashuka kwengubo yesibeletho. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi kungabikho ukuya esikhathini kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhulelwa. Khumbula ukuthi yize ukuphuthelwa ukuya esikhathini kuyisibonakaliso esivamile sokukhulelwa, akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi usukhulelwe.
• Isicanucanu Ne-Morning Sickness: Ukuzizwa uzwela yisisu noma ukugabha, kuvame ukubizwa nge-morning sickness, nakho kuyisibonakaliso esivamile sokukhulelwa sokuqala. Lokhu kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku futhi kuvamise ukuqala cishe evikini lesi-6 lokukhulelwa [7].
• Ukukhathala: Njengoba umzimba wakho udlula ezinguqukweni eziningi ezisheshayo ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuya phezulu futhi uzizwa ukhathele noma uphelelwa amandla. Amahomoni okukhulelwa nawo angakwenza uzizwe ukhathele ngendlela engajwayelekile noma ulele kakhulu, ngisho nasezigabeni zokuqala kakhulu.
• Ukuya Ocansini Kaningi (Ukuchama Kaningi): Inani legazi nokugeleza kwegazi kuyanda emzimbeni wowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa [8]. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi ligijime kakhulu emizimbeni yamaphaphu amancane (izinso) futhi ujwayele ukuya endlini encane kaningi ngenxa yalokho.
• Izinguquko Esifisweni Sokudla: Ukulangazelela ukudla okuthile kujwayelekile ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, lapho ungase ufise ukudla okuthile kungazelelwe. Ungase futhi uthuthuke ukungasithandi kakhulu esinye isidlo noma amaphunga athile, ngisho nalawo obukade uwathokozela ngaphambilini.

Ufanele Ukuya Nini Ekuhlolweni Kokukhulelwa?

Uma uqala ukubona ukuluma noma ukungagayeki kwamabele kanye nezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, kuhle ukuya ekuhlolweni kokukhulelwa ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile. Ungazihlola kalula ekhaya usebenzisa ikhithi yokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa yasekhaya. Lezi zikhithi zokuhlola zithola ihomoni i-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) emchameni wakho, eqala ukukhuphuka ngemva kwe-implantation [9].

Lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo zingakusiza ukwandisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa yasekhaya:

• Linda uze isikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini siphuze ukufika: Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwenza ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa wukwenza emva kokuthi usuphuthelwe yisikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Ukuhlola kusenesikhathi kakhulu kungaholela emiphumeleni engeyona ngoba amazinga e-hCG kungenzeka engenzekanga abe phezulu ngokwanele ukuthi atholakale.
• Sebenzisa umchamo wokuqala wasekuseni: Ochwepheshe batusa ukusebenzisa umchamo wokuqala wasekuseni njengesampula yokuhlola ukukhulelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amazinga e-hCG emchameni aphezulu kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, okungathuthukisa ukunemba kokuhlolwa.
• Phinda ukuhlola uma kudingeka. Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuqala kungakhombisi ukukhulelwa kodwa usasolayo ukuthi ukhulelwe, linda izinsuku ezimbalwa bese uhlola futhi.

Ingabe Ukuzwa Ukuhlaba-hlaba Kuwuphawu Lomdlavuza Wamabele?

Abesifazane abaningi bangase bangaboni izinguquko ezihlobene nomdlavuza emabeleni abo ekuqaleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu zomdlavuza wamabele, njengokubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, noma amabele azizwa ehlaba-hlaba, zingafana nezinguquko ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda, noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Nazi ezinye izimpawu nezibonakaliso ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza wamabele ezingakusiza uhlukanise phakathi kwawo nezinguquko ezivamile ezizicubini zamabele:

• Umfumphe esifubeni noma endaweni engaphansi kwengalo.
• Izinguquko esikhunjeni, njengokubomvu, ukuvuvukala noma ukuthungwa okufana nesikhumba sesithelo sikalamula.
• Izinguquko ngosayizi noma ekwakhekeni kwesifuba.
• Uzwawula olubuhlungu nokuphuma uketshezi, ikakhulukazi uma kunegazi.
• Uzwawula oluphenduka lungene ngaphakathi noma olubonakala luyacwiyeka.
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli esifubeni noma ngaphansi kwengalo.
• Ukuvuvukala enganxenyeni yesifuba, ngisho noma kungekho mfumphe.

Ukuzihlola izicubu zamabele kungakusiza ukubona izimpawu zomdlavuza wamabele [10]. Zithinte amabele ngokucophelela ngomzuliswano, uhlole ukuthi kukhona yini imifumphe, ubuhlungu, noma izinguquko ngosayizi. Kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu kanye ngenyanga ukuze ubone noma yiziphi izinguquko ngesikhathi.

Uma Kufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngezindebe Zozwa Ezihlaba-hlaba

Ukuzizwa amabele ehlaba-hlaba kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko zamahomoni ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, ukuvuthwa kweqanda, noma ukukhulelwa. Nokho, kufanele ubone udokotela uma lolo hlaba-hlaba luqhubeka, lubuhlungu, noma luhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo njengomfumphe, ukuphuma koketshezi kuzwawula, noma izinguquko ekwakhekeni kwesifuba noma ebusweni besikhumba. Izimpawu ezinjalo zingase zibonise umdlavuza wamabele, okudingeka ufune usizo lwezokwelashwa ngokushesha ngalo.

Okubalulekile Ekugcineni

Izinguquko ezizicubini zamabele zenzeka kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, okungenza kube nzima ukuqonda nokuthi zisho ukuthini ngempela. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kwemibuzo enjengokuthi, ukuzwa ukuhlaba-hlaba emabeleni kuwuphawu lwani, noma kusho ukuthini uma amabele ezizwa ehlaba-hlaba kodwa engabuhlungu?

Ukudikindeka noma ukuntengantenga kwama-nipples noma kwamabele ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini kungadala ukudideka ngoba kokubili isifo se-premenstrual nokukhulelwa kungaba yimbangela. Esimeni esinjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ubheke ezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ezifana nokungayi esikhathini, isicanucanu, nokuchama njalo. 

Uma usola ukuthi ukhulelwe ngenxa yezimpawu ozibonayo, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ukuze ususe ukungabaza. Ukuqaphela kusenesikhathi izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa nokukuqinisekisa ngokuhlolwa kungakusiza uhlele ngokomizwa nangokwezimali uhambo olukulindile.

Imibuzo evame ukubuuzwa (FAQs)

1. Kungani ngikhathele kangaka futhi ama-nipples ami ebuhlungu?

Uma uzizwa ukhathele futhi ubona izinguquko emabeleni njengezintlungu emithanjeni yamabele (ama-nipples), lezi zingaba izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Kuwumqondo omuhle ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ekhaya ukuze ucacise ukungabaza noma uxhumane nodokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko.

2. Ngingaba nezimpawu zokukhulelwa noma ngingakhulelwe?

Kungenzeka ukuba ube nezimpawu ezifanayo nokukhulelwa noma ungakhulelwe. Isifo se-premenstrual sivame ukudala ukukhathala, ubuhlungu emabeleni, nokushintsha kwemizwa, okungadala ukudideka ngoba kufana nezimpawu zokukhulelwa.

3. Ziqonda kahle kangakanani izivivinyo zokukhulelwa?

Izivivinyo zokukhulelwa zasekhaya zingaqonda kahle kuze kufike ku-99% uma wenza ukuhlolwa ngokulandela imiyalelo enikeziwe. Isibonelo, ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ngemva kokungayi esikhathini futhi usebenzisa isampula yomchamo wokuqala wasekuseni kungakhulisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Imithombo esetshenzisiwe

1. Alex, A., Bhandary, E., & McGuire, K. P. (2020). I-Anatomy ne-Physiology yobele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41596-9_1 
2. Kwan, I., & Onwude, J. L. (2015, August 25). Isifo se-premenstrual (premenstrual syndrome). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4548199/ 
3. Holesh, J. E., Bass, A. N., & Lord, M. (2023b, May 1). I-physiology, ukuvuthwa kweqanda. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441996/ 
4. Owen, M. (2013). Izimpawu zomzimba zokuvuthwa kweqanda nokuzala ezibonakala kalula ngabesifazane. The Linacre Quarterly, 80(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1179/0024363912z.0000000005 
5. Arendt, L. M., & Kuperwasser, C. (2015). Ifomu nomsebenzi: Indlela i-estrogen ne-progesterone elawula ngayo izigaba ezahlukene zamaseli obele. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, 20, 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-015-9337-0 
6. Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zokukhulelwa? (2017b, January 31). https://www.nichd.nih.gov/. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/signs 
7. UpToDate. (n.d.). UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-beyond-the-basics/print 
8. Gandhi, M. H., & Gupta, V. (2023, April 24). I-physiology, igazi likamama. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557783/ 
9. Betz, D., & Fane, K. (2023c, August 14). I-human chorionic gonadotropin. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532950/ 
10. Team, N. (2025, January 6). UkuziHlola kwamabele. National Breast Cancer Foundation. https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-self-exam/