Yiziphi Izimpawu Zokukhulelwa Ezintombazaneni Eziseminyakeni Yobusha?

Ukukhulelwa kwentombazane esebusheni kubhekisela ekukhulelweni kokuqala1].

Izikhulelo zabantombazane abasebusheni zingaba yinto enzima kunoma yiliphi intombazane, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Lezi zikhulelo ziphinde zikhuphule ingozi yezinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha futhi zibe usongo empilweni kamama. Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokukhulelwa ebusheni kungasiza ekutholeni ukukhulelwa kusenesikhathi nokuhlela ukunakekelwa kokubeletha ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yezinkinga.

Yini Ukukhulelwa Kwentombazane Esebusheni?

Ukukhulelwa kwentombazane esebusheni kwenzeka lapho intombazane esesikhathini sobusha, engaphansi kweminyaka engu-20, ikhulelwa. Izimbangela ezivamile zokukhulelwa kwentombazane esebusheni zihlanganisa ukungabi nolwazi olwanele ngemfundo yezocansi nokungabi nakho ukufinyelela ezithinteni zokuvimbela inzalo [2].

Njengoba iningi lezikhulelo zabantombazane abasebusheni lingahlelwanga, ziba nemiphumela eminingi yokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo nangokwenyama kumama. Lokhu kudinga ukunakwa kwezokwelapha ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yomama nengane. Ukubonwa kusenesikhathi kwezimpawu zokukhulelwa kungasiza ekufuneni ukunakekelwa kokubeletha ngesikhathi.

Izimpawu Zokukhulelwa Kubantombazane Asebusheni

Izimpawu zokukhulelwa kubantombazane abasebusheni ziyafana nalezo ezitholakala kwabesifazane abadala. Izimpawu zokukhulelwa ebusheni zifaka phakathi:

1. Ukuphuthelwa Izikhathi Zokuya Esikhathini

Isibonakaliso esicacile kakhulu sokukhulelwa esiqaphelwa iningi labesifazane ukuphuthelwa isikhathi sokuya esikhathini kanye noma ngaphezulu. Nokho, intsha ingase ikudide lokhu nokungajwayelekile kokuya esikhathini, okutholakala kakhulu ngesikhathi sokufikisa [3]. Izinto ezifana nokudla, imisebenzi yomzimba, nesisindo somzimba zithinta kakhulu iphethini yomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini emantombazaneni asebusheni.

2. Isicanucanu Nokuhlanza

Njenganabesifazane abadala, isicanucanu, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "morning sickness", singesinye sezimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa

3. Ukukhathala

Kuba nezinguquko ezinkulu zama-hormone ezinsukwini zokuqala zokukhulelwa ukuze umzimba ulungiselelwe ukukhulelwa. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhathaleni noma ekudinweni kunoma iyiphi owesifazane okhulelwe, okuhlanganisa namantombazane. Ukukhathala kuvame kakhulu ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yokuqala, eqala ngesonto 0 kuya kwesonto le-12 lokukhulelwa [4]

4. Izinguquko emabeleni

Enye inhlamvu ebalulekile intombazane esencane engayiqaphela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokukhulelwa izinguquko ezitholakala ezicutshini zamabele. Imabele ngokuvamile iba buhlungu noma avuvuke ngenxa yezinguquko zama-hormone.

5. Ukuchama njalo

Amantombazane akhulelwe angase azizwe edinga ukuchama kaningi. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokukhulelwa, lokhu kwenzeka ngezizathu ezimbili ezivamile, ezihlanganisa izinguquko zama-hormone nokwanda kwegazi emzimbeni [5]. Ezinyangeni zokugcina, ukuchama njalo kwenzeka ngoba isibeletho esikhulayo sicindezela isinye.

6. Ukulangazelela ukudla noma ukwenqaba ukudla

Ngesikhathi sokuqala sokukhulelwa, amantombazane angase abe nesifiso esinamandla sokudla ezinye izinhlobo zokudla abangazidli ngokuvamile. Angase futhi aqale ukungasithandi ukudla noma iphunga abekade bekuthanda, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukwenqaba ukudla (food aversion). Izinguquko zama-hormone ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa yizona ezibangela lokhu kulangazelela nokwenqaba ukudla.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukukhulelwa kwentombazane esencane?

Uma usuqalile ukubona izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, kuhle ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa ngovivinyo. Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ekhaya nokuhlolwa kwegazi yizona zinketho ezimbili ezivamile kulokhu.

I- isethi yokuhlola ukukhulelwa yasekhaya ihlola ihomoni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hCG emchameni futhi inganikela ngemiphumela esheshayo nenembile. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eningiliziwe, ungaya ekuxilongweni kwegazi emtholampilo noma esibhedlela. Kubalulekile ukwenza le mibiko emva kokungayi esikhathini ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imiphumela inembile.

Izingqinamba ezingase zivele ekukhulelweni kwentombazane esencane

Ukukhulelwa kwamantombazane amancane kubhekwa njengengozi enkulu ngoba imizimba yawo isasakhula futhi kungenzeka ingakakulungeli ngokuphelele ukukhulelwa nokubeletha. Izingqinamba ezingase zivele zifaka phakathi:

1. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi:  Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ingozi yokuzalwa kwengane ngaphambi kwesikhathi iphezulu kakhulu kumaguli abasebancane kunakubantu abadala [6]. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungaholela ezinkingeni zempilo ezifana nezitho ezingakakhuli kahle noma isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa.
2. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Omama abasebancane basengozini enkulu yokuthola umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma i-preeclampsia, isimo esingase sisongela impilo yomama nengane.
3. I-anemia: Ukukhulelwa ebuntwaneni bengakwenyusa ingozi yokushoda ngensimbi egazini, okubangela isifo se-anemia. Izinkinga ezivamile ezihambisana ne-anemia ukukhathala nobuthakathaka kumama, kodwa futhi ingabangele nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
4. Izinkinga Zempilo Yengqondo: Intsha ingase ibhekane namazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka ngokomqondo, noma ukukhathazeka ngenxa yesihlamba senhlalo noma izinselelo zemizwa ezihambisana nokukhulelwa kwentombazane esencane.

Indlela Yokusekela Intsha Ebhekene Nokukhulelwa

Ungasekela ukukhulelwa kwentombazane esencane ngokuyikhuthaza ukuba ikhulume ngobuqotho nangendlela engekho nokuyahlulela ukuze izwe ukuthi iyasekelwa. Ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuqapha impilo yomama nengane.

Ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kufanele futhi kufake izeluleko mayelana nokukhulelwa, ukuzalwa, nokukhulisa ingane. Umndeni nabangane bangaba nendima ebalulekile ekunikezeni usizo olusebenzayo nolokwengamela ngesikhathi esinzima ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba.

Isiphetho

Ukukhulelwa yisigaba esijabulisayo, kodwa esiyinselele empilweni yanoma iyiphi owesifazane, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokukhulelwa kwentombazane esencane. Ingcuphe yezinkinga zokukhulelwa iphezulu kakhulu kumntombazane okhulelwe eseneminyaka emincane, ngakho ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kubalulekile.

Ukubona izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa kumantombazane asesebancane, njengokungabi nokuya esikhathini, isicanucanu, noma ukukhathala, kungasiza ekuhleleni ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo kubo. Lokhu kungasiza ekwehliseni ingozi yezinkinga kumama nasengane.

Imithombo Esetshenzisiwe

1. Mohamed, S., Chipeta, M. G., Kamninga, T., Nthakomwa, L., Chifungo, C., Mzembe, T., Vellemu, R., Chikwapulo, V., Peterson, M., Abdullahi, L., Musau, K., Wazny, K., Zulu, E., & Madise, N. (2023). Izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa okungahlosiwe phakathi kwentsha: ukubuyekezwa okusheshayo kwezibuyekezo ezihlelelekileyo. Systematic Reviews, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02361-8 
2. Chakole, S., Akre, S., Sharma, K., Wasnik, P., & Wanjari, M. B. (2022). Ukukhulelwa okungafuneki kwentsha nemiphumela yako: Uhlaziyo oluchazayo. Cureus, 14(12), e32662. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32662 
3. Ukopha kokuya esikhathini kumantombazane nasentsheni: Ukusebenzisa umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini njengophawu olubalulekile. (n.d.). ACOG. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2015/12/menstruation-in-girls-and-adolescents-using-the-menstrual-cycle-as-a-vital-sign 
4. Healthdirect Australia. (n.d.-b). Ukukhathala nokudinwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Pregnancy Birth and Baby. https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/dealing-with-fatigue-during-your-pregnancy 
5. Healthdirect Australia. (n.d.-c). Ukuchama njalo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Pregnancy Birth and Baby. https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/frequent-urination-during-pregnancy 
6. UZUNOV, A. V., SECARA, D. C., CONSTANTIN, A. E., MEHEDINTU, C., & CIRSTOIU, M. M. (2022). Umehluko phakathi kokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kumama abasebasha nakubantu abadala. MæDica, 17(4), 789. https://doi.org/10.26574/maedica.2022.17.4.789