Ingabe Ungaba Nokopha Kokunamathela Kombungu Emasontweni Ayisithupha?

Ukopha kokufakelwa kweqanda esibelethweni kuvame ukwenzeka ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kweziyi-14 ngemva kokukhulelwa, lapho iqanda elichumile linamathela odongeni lwesibeletho. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-20-25% wabesifazane abakhulelwe babhekana nokopha kokufakelwa kweqanda esibelethweni, okwenza kube uphawu lokuqala lokukhulelwa oluvamile. [1]. Yize kungavamile, abanye abesifazane bangase babone lokho okubonakala njengokopha kokufakelwa kweqanda esibelethweni emasontweni ayisi-6, nakuba lesi sikhathi sivame ukukhomba ezinye izinhlobo zokopha okuhlobene nokukhulelwa. Nokho, abanye abesifazane babika ukopha okuncane ngisho nasemasontweni ayisithupha, okungadideka nezinye izinhlobo zokopha ezihambisana nokukhulelwa kokuqala.

Uketshezi lwesitho sangasese lwamasonto ayisithupha ukhulelwe lungaveza okuningi mayelana nempilo yakho nempilo yengane yakho. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokopha kokufakelwa kweqanda esibelethweni nezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona zokopha esithweni sangasese, njengoba ukopha konke kungabi yingozi. Nakuba ukopha kokufakelwa kweqanda esibelethweni kuvame ukuba kuncane futhi kungapheli isikhathi eside, noma yikuphi ukopha esithweni sangasese ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kudinga ukuthi uxoxe nodokotela noma umhlinzeki wezempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho zinkinga ezifihlakele.

Ongakulindela Ekukhulelweni Kwamasonto Ayisi-6

Emasontweni ayisithupha ukhulelwe, abesifazane abaningi baqala ukubona izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, isicanucanu, nokuba buthaka kwamabele. Uketshezi esithweni sangasese lwanda futhi ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu e-estrogen. Lolu ketshezi, olwaziwa ngokuthi i-leukorrhea, luvame ukuba lucacile noma lube mhlophe njengobisi futhi luyingxenye evamile yokukhulelwa. Nokho, noma yikuphi ukopha, kuhlanganise namachashaza egazi amancane, kulesi sigaba kungethusa.

Kuvamile futhi ukubona uketshezi lwesitho sangasese lwamasonto ayisi-6 olungase lube luhlangene negazi elincane, okungadideka nokopha kokufakelwa kweqanda esibelethweni, nakuba ukopha kweqiniso kokufakelwa kuvame ukwenzeka kusenesikhathi.

Yini Ebanga Ukopha Esithweni Sangesese Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa?

Ukopha esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kungaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, hhayi zonke eziyingozi. Ngaphezu kokopha kokufakelwa kweqanda esibelethweni (implantation bleeding), okuchazwa njengamachashaza amancane egazi, ezinye izimbangela zifaka phakathi:

• Izinguquko ekuvalweni lwesibeletho (cervical changes): Ukugeleza kwegazi okwandayo oluvalweni (cervix) kungadala ukopha okuncane, ikakhulukazi ngemva kocansi noma ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi (pelvic exam).
• Ukuphuma isisu: Ngeshwa, ukopha nakho kungase kubonise ingozi yokulahleka kokukhulelwa. Ukopha okuhlobene nokuphuma isisu kuvame ukuba kuqinile futhi kuhambisane nokuzacelwa okukhulu.
• Ukukhulelwa okungaphandle kwesibeletho (ectopic pregnancy): Lesi simo esinzima senzeka lapho iqanda elichumile lizihlanganisa ngaphandle kwesibeletho, ngokuvamile ku-fallopian tube. Lingabangela ubuhlungu obukhali nokopha okukhulu [2].
• Izifo zokutheleleka: Ezinye izifo zangasese noma ze-cervix zingase zibangele ukopha okuncane, nakuba lokhu kuvame ukuhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezifana nokuchichima okungajwayelekile.

Ama-cramps Okukhulelwa Emasontweni ayi-6

Ama-cramps ajwayelekile emasontweni ayisithupha okukhulelwa njengoba isibeletho siqala ukunwebeka. Ama-cramps amancane angenakho ukopha okuningi ngokuvamile awabangelwa ukukhathazeka. Nokho, ama-cramps anzima ahambisana nokopha kakhulu noma ukuphuma kwamahlule (clots) kungase kubonise inkinga enkulu njengokuphunyelwa yizisu noma ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic. Njalo funa iseluleko sezokwelashwa uma izimpawu zakho zibukeka zingajwayelekile.

Ungazigcina Kanjani Unempilo?

Ukuphatha impilo yakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma ubhekene nokopha. Nawa amacebiso okufanele uwakhumbule:

• Hlala uphuzile amanzi anele: Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kusiza ukugcina impilo yonke futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezifana nokoma emzimbeni, okungase kwandise izimpawu ezifana nama-cramps.
• Phumula: Uma uhlangabezana nokopha okuncane noma ama-cramps, phumula futhi ugweme umsebenzi osindayo kuze kube yilapho lezi zimpawu zincipha.
• Xhumana nodokotela: Ngisho noma ukopha kubonakala kuncane, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole ukuthula kwengqondo nokususa amathuba ezimbangela ezinzima. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwangaphambi kokubeletha kubalulekile empilweni kamama nengane esesibelethweni. Ngokwezokwelashwa, kunendlela eziningana zokuphatha ukopha esithweni sangasese sowesifazane okungachazwanga [3].

Okubalulekile ekugcineni

Ukopha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungakhathaza, ikakhulukazi cishe emasontweni ayisithupha, lapho ukopha kokufakelwa kwembryo (implantation bleeding) kungenzeki kakhulu. Nokho, ezinye izifazane zisengazibuza, ingabe ungaba nokopha kokufakelwa kwembryo emasontweni ayi-6? Nakuba ukopha okuncane kungaba kungalimazi, kubalulekile ukuqonda izimbangela ezingase zibe khona, ezifana nezinguquko ku-cervix noma ukuguquka kwamahomoni, futhi uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uhlolwe kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchichima (discharge) njengophawu lokukhulelwa kwamaviki angu-6 kujwayelekile, kodwa noma yikuphi ukuchichima okungajwayelekile kulesi sigaba kufanele kubikwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle. Ukugcina uphuza amanzi anele, ukuphumula, nokuvakashela udokotela ngesikhathi kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukukhulelwa okunempilo nasekubhekaneni nanoma yiziphi izinkathazo ngendlela ephumelelayo.

Imithombo

1. Hasan R, Baird DD, Herring AH, Olshan AF, Jonsson Funk ML, Hartmann KE. Amaphethini nezibikezeli zokopha esithweni sangasese sowesifazane kwikota yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Ann Epidemiol. 2010 Jul;20(7):524-31. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.02.006. PMID: 20538195; PMCID: PMC2884141.
2. Hendriks E, MacNaughton H, MacKenzie MC. Ukopha kwekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa: Ukuhlolwa nokuphathwa. Am Fam Physician. 2019 Feb 1;99(3):166-174. PMID: 30702252.
3. National Guideline Alliance (UK). Ukuphathwa kokopha okungachazwanga esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha: Ukubuyekezwa kobufakazi V. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2021 Aug. (NICE Guideline, No. 201.) Kutholakala ku: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573946/