Amavithamini Angaphambi Kokubeletha Ahlafunwayo Ane-ayoni Okukhulelwa Okunempilo

Izidingo zezakhi-mzimba zomzimba womuntu wesifazane zanda ngesikhathi ekhulelwe. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhi-mzimba zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni impilo kamama nentuthuko yengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Esinye salezo zakhi-mzimba ezibalulekile yinsimbi [.1].

Kwezinye izimo, ngisho nokudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo akukwanele ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sensimbi somzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lapha yilapho amavithamini angaphambi kokubeletha aqukethe insimbi edlala indima yawo. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho ezikhona, amavithamini angaphambi kokubeletha amacwecwe agayiwe aqukethe insimbi aseya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu.

La mavithamini angaphambi kokubeletha agayiwe ngomlomo alula ukuwasebenzisa, amnandi, futhi agcwele izakhi-mzimba ezibalulekile ukusekela impilo kamama nengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Indima Yensimbi Empilweni Yangaphambi Kokubeletha

Uzoyithola insimbi ohlwini lwezithako zamavithamini amaningi angaphambi kokubeletha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani elanele lensimbi emzimbeni libalulekile empilweni kamama nempilo yengane.

Ukubaluleka Kwensimbi Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

Insimbi isiza ekukhiqizeni i-hemoglobin, uhlobo lwephrotheni olusemaselini egazi abomvu olunesibopho sokuthwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke [2]. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, inani legazi lomzimba wesifazane landa kakhulu ukuze kusekelwe ingane ekhula.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abesifazane bakhiqiza igazi elingu-20% kuya ku-30% ngaphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunokujwayelekile [3]. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isidingo sensimbi sikhula nalesi sikhathi. Ukugcina izinga elanele lensimbi kuqinisekisa ukuthi bobabili umama nengane bathola umoya-mpilo owanele ukuze ingane ikhule futhi ithuthuke kahle.

Ngaphezu kokusekela ukuthuthwa komoya-mpilo, insimbi ibalulekile futhi ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba kukanina. Amasosha omzimba aqinile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa anciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezifana nokutheleleka. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi insimbi isiza nokuthuthuka kobuchopho bengane, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokucabanga nokukhula kwayo konke [4].

Izingozi Zokushoda Kwensimbi Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

Izibiko zibonisa ukuthi izifazane eziningi emhlabeni jikelele zibhekana nokushoda kwensimbi (ayoni) ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa [5]. Lokhu kushoda kungaholela ezimweni ezimbi zempilo ezifana ne-anemia. Owesifazane uba nezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, buthaka, nokuphelelwa umoya uma ebhekene ne-anemia.

I-anemia esinzima yandisa ingozi yokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, nokucindezeleka ngemva kokubeletha. Ukushoda kwensimbi enganeni kungaholela ekubambezelekeni ekuthuthukisweni nasemandleni aphansi okuqonda.

Izidingo Zensimbi Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe

Ngokuvamile, owesilisa omdala kufanele athole amagremu ayi-8 ayoni, kanti owesifazane omdala kufanele athole cishe amagremu ayi-18 ngosuku [6]. Nokho, lapho owesifazane ekhulelwe, izidingo zomzimba zayoni ziyakhula.

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo, abesifazane abakhulelwe badinga cishe amamiligremu angu-27 ayoni ngosuku [7]. Ukudla okunothe ngensimbi njengezinye izitshalo ezinamagxolo aluhlaza, inyama ebomvu, udali, nama-cereal aqiniswe ngamaminerali kungasiza kakhulu abesifazane abaningi bathole inani elinconyiwe.

Nokho, abesifazane abaningi baphinde babhekane nobunzima bokufinyelela amazinga anconyiwe ngokudla kuphela. Lapha yilapho owesifazane okhulelwe edinga khona ama-vitamin e-prenatal aqukethe ayoni.

Ama-Gummy Prenatal Vitamins ane-Ayoni

Iningi lezithasiselo zokudla livela ngendlela yamaphilisi, abanye abantu abawathola elula, kuyilapho abanye bebhekana nobunzima bokuwathatha njalo. Lokhu kusebenza nangama-vitamin e-prenatal aqukethe ayoni. Ungathola amaphilisi e-prenatal ane-ayoni, kodwa uma uthola kunzima ukuthatha amaphilisi njalo, amatafula ahafunekayo ayindlela enhle enye.

Izinzuzo zama-Gummy Prenatal Vitamins

Okuhafunekayo ama-vitamin e-prenatal ane-ayoni aseke aduma ngoba kulula ukuwasebenzisa futhi anokunambitheka okuhle. Kwabesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe, ukugwinya amaphilisi amakhulu kungaba yinselelo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-trimester yokuqala lapho isicanucanu sivamile [8].

Ama-gummy anikeza enye indlela emnandi kakhulu, okwenza kube lula kubomama abakhulelwe ukuthi balandele umjikelezo wabo wansuku zonke wokuthatha ama-vitamin e-prenatal. Uma ufuna indlela emnandi yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zokudla okunomsoco, cabanga ukuhlola ama-vitamin amahle e-prenatal ahafunekayo ahlanganisa amaminerali abalulekile nokunambitheka okumnandi.

Enye inzuzo yama-gummy e-prenatal ane-ayoni wukuthi enziwa ngendlela ethambile esiswini. Amanye ama-vitamin e-prenatal angama-gummy asebenzisa izinhlobo zayoni ezilula esiswini. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokungaphatheki kahle kwesisu, njengokuqwasha, okuyimiphumela emibi evamile yokwengeza ayoni ngokujwayelekile.

Imikhawulo yama-gummy e-prenatal ane-ayoni

Amavithamini e-gummy anazo izinzuzo eziningi kodwa nawo awaphelele. Ama-gummies amaningi anezinga lensimbi eliphansi kunamaphilisi endabuko, okusho ukuthi angase angahlinzeki ngensimbi eyanele kwabesifazane abaphethwe ukushoda okukhulu kwensimbi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abakhiqizi bengeza ushukela nezinambitheka zokwenziwa ukuze benze amavithamini abo e-gummy anamukeleke kangcono, okungase kube yinkinga kweminye imikhiqizo yabesifazane abakhulelwe abazama ukunciphisa ukudla kwabo ushukela.

Ukudla ngokweqile nakho kuyingozi uma kudliwa ama-prenatal gummies. Njengoba ama-gummies enambitheka njengoswidi, kungase kuhendeke ukuthi kudliwe ngaphezu komthamo oconyiwe. Lokhu kungaholela ekudluleleni emthanjeni kwamanye amavithamini namaminerali nokwandisa ubungozi bokuthi abe nobuthi [9].

Ukuqhathanisa Amavithamini e-Gummy Namaphilisi

Kokubili ama-gummies namaphilisi kunezinzuzo nezinkinga uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni kalula nasekusebenzeni kwawo. Kunamaphuzu amaningi lapho ama-prenatal vitamin gummies engcono khona uma eqhathaniswa namaphilisi, kuyilapho kukhona namaphuzu amaningi lapho ama-gummies esala emuva khona.

Izinzuzo Zama-Gummies Ngaphezu Kwamaphilisi

1. Ama-gummies alula ukuwahlafuna nokuwaginya, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanezinkinga zokuhlanza isisu noma abanezinkinga zokuginya amaphilisi.
2. Ukunambitheka kamnandi kwama-gummies kungenza ukuthatha insimbi ema-prenatal gummies kube into emnandi kakhulu, okuqhuba ukuthi owesifazane aqhubeke engakushiyi.
3. Ama-multivitamin e-gummy enziwa ngendlela yokuthi abe lula ukugayeka, okwehlisa amathuba okungakhululeki esiswini.

Ukubi Kwama-Gummies Uma Kuqhathaniswa Namaphilisi

1. Ama-gummies angase angabi neminye imisoco ebalulekile noma ayihlinzeke ngemithamo emincane uma iqhathaniswa namaphilisi.
2. Amanye amavithamini e-gummy afaka ushukela noma izithako zokwenziwa okungenza kube yinkinga kwabesifazane abalandela ukudla okukhethekile.
3. Amavithamini e-gummy avame ukuba abize kakhulu kunamaphilisi endabuko.

Ezinye Izinhlayiya Ezemisoco Ezibalulekile Kumavithamini Okubeletha

Ngaphezu kwensimbi, owesifazane okhulelwe udinga eminye imisoco eminingi ebalulekile ukuze abe nokukhulelwa okunempilo. Le misoco imi kanje:

1. I-Folate

I-Folate noma i-folic acid ibalulekile ekugwemeni ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-neural tube, okuthinta ukuthuthuka kobuchopho nomgogodla wengane. Izifundo zikhombisa ukuthi amazinga anele e-folic acid wehlisa ubungozi bokungasebenzi kahle kwe-neural tube kufike ku-71% [10].

Umthamo wansuku zonke onconyiwe we-folic acid ungama-microgram angu-400-600. Iningi labakhiqizi bamavithamini okubeletha abaziwayo linikeza amavithamini okubeletha ane-folic acid ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomzimba kamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

2. Ikhalisiyamu kanye ne-Vitamin D

I-calcium ne-vitamin D basebenzisana ekusekeleni ukukhula kwamathambo namazinyo engane. Ziphinde zisize ukuvimbela ukwehla kwamathambo kamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ezimeni ezinzima, ukushoda kwe-calcium kungaholela ekubeletheni kusenesikhathi nasekuqhamukeni kokulahlekelwa ukukhulelwa.11]. Ukudla kwansuku zonke okuconyiwe kwe-calcium kungama-milligram angu-1 000, kanti okwe-vitamin D kungu-600 IU.

3. Ama-Fatty Acid e-Omega-3

Ama-fatty acid e-omega-3, ikakhulukazi i-DHA noma i-docosahexaenoic acid, abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchopho namehlo engane [12]. Le misoco iphinde isize ukunciphisa ingozi yokubeletha ingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ikhuthaze ukukhulelwa okunempilo.

4. I-Iodine

I-Iodine ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwe-thyroid futhi isekela ukukhula kobuchopho bengane. Ukushoda kwe-iodine ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungadala i-hypothyroidism, futhi kuthinte kabi ukuthuthuka kobuchopho nesistimu yezinzwa yengane. Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO) incoma ukuthatha ama-microgram angu-150 e-iodine nsuku zonke kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.

5. I-vitamin C ne-Zinc

I-vitamin C iqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi isiza nokumuncwa kwe-ayoni. Ibalulekile futhi ekukhuleni komzimba kwengane. I-Zinc isekela amasosha omzimba futhi isiza ekukhuleni nasekulungisweni kwamangqamuzana. Iphinda yehlise ingozi yokubeletha ingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Amathiphu Okukhetha I-vitamin Yokubeletha Efanele

Ngenqwaba yezinketho ezikhona, ukukhetha i-vitamin efanele yokubeletha kungaba ngumsebenzi onzima kunoma yimuphi owesifazane. Nansi eminye imihlahlandlela ezokusiza ukhethe kahle ama-gummy e-ayoni okhulelwe:

• Hlola I-ayoni: Uma uhlela ukuthenga ama-gummy e-prenatal aqukethe i-ayoni, kumelwe ubheke uhlu lwezithako zomkhiqizo othile ukuze ungagcini uthenga i-prenatal engenayo i-ayoni. Futhi, qinisekisa ukuthi inani le-ayoni elishiwo ohlwini lwezithako lanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zansuku zonke ze-ayoni.
• Bheka Amafomula Anemikhiqizo Ephelele: I-vitamin enhle yokubeletha kufanele iqukathe imisoco ebalulekile efana ne-folate, i-calcium, i-vitamin D, nama-fatty acid e-omega-3. I-prenatal equkethe i-ayoni ne-folic acid neminye imisoco isekela ukukhulelwa okunempilo.
• Funda Amalebula: Khetha ama-gummy e-prenatal anoshukela omncane owengeziwe nezithako zokwenziwa ezimbalwa. Esikhundleni salokho, khelela lawo ma-supplement anezithako zemvelo futhi angenazo izithako okubangela ukuthi ube namanxeba okungezwani noma ukungezwani nezinto ezithile.
• Xoxisana Nodokotela Wakho: Xoxisana nodokotela wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole i-vitamin yokubeletha ehambisana nezidingo zakho zokudla nokuhleleka kokukhulelwa kwakho.

Okufingqiwe

Insimbi iyisigxobo sempilo yokukhulelwa ngoba idlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni impilo kamama nengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ama-vitamin okukhulelwa anensimbi, abe ama-gummy noma adliwayo, anikeza indlela elula nenambithekayo yokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo zokudla.

Ama-vitamin okukhulelwa adliwayo anensimbi abaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazane abanezinkinga ngamaphilisi endabuko. Ama-gummy prenatal anezinzuzo eziningi kunezibhebhe zendabuko, kodwa futhi anezinto ezithile ezingaphelele okudingeka uzicabangele ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokuthenga.

Ngaphezu kwensimbi, amanye ama-nutrient anjenge-folate, i-calcium, i-vitamin D, ne-omega-3 nawo abalulekile ekukhulelweni okunempilo. Ukukhetha i-vitamin yokukhulelwa efanele kungahambisana nokudla okulinganiselayo futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ibhalansi yokudla ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Imithombo esetshenzisiwe

1. National Academies Press (US). (1990). Ukudla okunensimbi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukudla ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235217/ 
2. Abbaspour, N., Hurrell, R., & Kelishadi, R. (2014, February 1). Ukubuyekezwa ngensimbi nokubaluleka kwayo empilweni yomuntu. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3999603/ 
3. I-anemia nokukhulelwa. (n.d.). Hematology.org. https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/anemia/pregnancy 
4. McCann, S., Perapoch Amadó, M., & Moore, S. E. (2020). Indima yensimbi ekuthuthukisweni kobuchopho: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile. Nutrients, 12(7), 2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072001 
5. Georgieff M. K. (2020). Ukushoda kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 223(4), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.006 
6. Office of Dietary Supplements - Insimbi. (n.d.). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-Consumer/ 
7. Peña-Rosas, J. P., De-Regil, L. M., Garcia-Casal, M. N., & Dowswell, T. (2015). Ukwengezwa kwensimbi ngomlomo nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015(7), CD004736. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004736.pub5 
8. Admin. (2021, December 9). Isicanucanu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. American Pregnancy Association. https://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-symptoms/nausea-during-pregnancy/ 
9. Wooltorton, E. (2003). Ukweqisa into enhle? Imiphumela enobuthi yezithasiselo zama-vitamin namaminerali. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 169(1), 47. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC164945/ 
10. Czeizel, A. E., Dudás, I., Vereczkey, A., & Bánhidy, F. (2013). Ukushoda kwe-folate nokwengezwa kwe-folic acid: ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kwe-neural-tube nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa kukhona. Nutrients, 5(11), 4760. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5114760 
11. Almaghamsi, A., Almalki, M. H., & Buhary, B. M. (2018). I-Hypocalcemia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: ukubuyekezwa kwezokwelapha. Oman Medical Journal, 33(6), 453. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2018.85 
12. Coletta, J. M., Bell, S. J., & Roman, A. S. Ama-acid anamafutha e-omega-3 nokukhulelwa. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3(4), 163. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3046737/