Kuyini Ukungabi Nenzalo futhi Yiziphi Izimpawu Ezivamile Zokungabi Nenzalo?

Lapho imibhangqwana iqala ukuzama ukuba nomntwana, ivame ukudideka yizinto eziningi efunda ngazo, njengokuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokungabi nenzalo. Ngisho, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukukhomba ukuthi yini ejwayelekile nokuthi yini engekho. Kwezinye izinsuku ungazibuza, ingabe anginayo inzalo bese ngelinye ilanga, usugqugquzelwa yinqwaba yolwazi. Kunokukhuluma okuningi ngokuthi kuyini ukungabi nenzalo, incazelo yokungabi nenzalo, ngisho nencazelo yokuba ongekho nenzalo, futhi, uma sibheka ngobuqotho, kungaba okuningi ukuphatha.

Lesi sihloko siqondiswe kubantu abasohambweni lokuya ekubeni abazali – imishado, abesifazane abacabanga ngokuzilungiselela ukukhulelwa, ngisho nabesilisa abafuna ukwazi kabanzi ngendima yabo.

Ukuqonda Izisekelo

Ukungabi nenzalo akusona isimo esisodwa nje. Kuwinkimbinkimbi. Uma ufunda mayelana nokuthi kuyini ukungabi nenzalo, ufunda ukuthi kuchazwa ngokwezokwelapha njengekhono elingekho lokukhulelwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12 zocansi olujwayelekile olungavikelwe (noma izinyanga ezi-6 uma unaphezu kweminyaka engu-35). Yilowo mthetho ojwayelekile, akunjalo? Bese uhlangana nencazelo yokungabi nenzalo — engase izwakale iyobuchwepheshe — kodwa egcizelela izinselelo zemvelo njenge-ovulation ezingajwayelekile, imithambo ye-fallopian evalekile, noma inani lesidoda eliphansi eliphazamisa ukungena kukamthimba [1].

Kwesinye isikhathi abantu bayabuza, ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukungabi nenzalo. Lokho kulula: izinhlelo zokuzala zomzimba, njengekukhishwa kweqanda, impilo yesidoda, noma izimo zesibeletho, azisebenzi kahle ngendlela efanele. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kunemininingwane emincane ebalulekile. Isibonelo, incazelo yokungabi nenzalo ayisho ukwehluleka komuntu uqobo; kuyisifo sezokwelapha esivame ukudinga ukungenelela njengokuhlolwa kokuzala, ukwelashwa ngamahomoni, noma i-IVF ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okukhulelwa. Ezimeni zokungabi nenzalo kowesilisa, i-sperm concentration test kit ingaba ithuluzi eliwusizo lokukala inani lesidoda ekhaya, linikeze umbono ngenhlalakahle yokuzala.

Ukucubungula Izimbangela

Kunokuningi okubangela ukungabi nenzalo kwabesifazane. Kwesinye isikhathi akusona isizathu esisodwa; kuwuhlanganiso zezinto ezahlukene. Uma ubuza ukuthi yini ebangela ukungabi nenzalo, ungase uzwe kukhulunywa ngezinto ezifana neminyaka, ukungalingani kwamahomoni, noma ngisho nemithambo ye-fallopian evalekile. Futhi ungakhohlwa izinto zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngiyazi kuzwakala sengathi sekunesisho esidala, kodwa ingcindezi nokudla nempela kudlala indima [2].

Isibonelo, uma ubheka izimpawu zokungabi nenzalo kowesifazane, odokotela abaningi bakhuluma ngezikhathi zokuya esikhathini ezingajwayelekile noma igazi eliningi kakhulu. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi lezi zimpawu ziba buthaka kakhulu kangangokuthi ungase ungazi kuze kudlule isikhathi.

Ukuqaphela Izimpawu Zokuqala

Kuyadida ngempela ukuzama ukubona izimpawu zokuqala. Imibhangqwana eminingi iyaqhubeka nokubuza, ziyini izimpawu zokungakwazi ukuzala, futhi izibuza ukuthi izinselelo zabo zijwayelekile yini. Ezicacile yilezi zimpawu zokungakwazi ukuzala – ukungakhuleli naphezu kokuzama isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke kukhona nezinye izimpawu zokungakwazi ukuzala ezingacaci, ezingavela njengoshintsho kumjikelezo wakho noma ukopha okungalindelekile [3].

Abesifazane, ikakhulukazi, bangase baphawule izimpawu zokungakwazi ukuzala kwabesifazane. Bangase bazibuze bathi, ngiyazi kanjani ukuthi ngiyakwazi ukukhulelwa noma mhlawumbe kukhona okungahambi kahle emzimbeni wami. Futhi uma uqaphele izimpawu nezimpawu zokungakwazi ukuzala kowesifazane, kungase kube yisikhathi sokubheka ngokujulile.

Ukubheka Ngokujulile Ukungakwazi Ukuzala Kwabesifazane

Abesifazane abaningi babuza ngezimpondo zokungakwazi ukuzala ngoba nje bengazizwa kahle. Mhlawumbe umjikelezo wakho awuhleli kahle noma kwesinye isikhathi uba nokopha okukhulu. Lezi ziyingxenye yezimpawu zokungakwazi ukuzala odokotela abazinakayo. Bese kuba khona lezo zimpawu zokungakwazi ukuzala kwabesifazane ezingase zingacaci kakhulu kodwa zisabalulekile [4].

Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona nezinkomba ezinhle – njengokuthi izimpawu zokukwazi ukuzala kwabesifazane nezimpawu zokukwazi ukuzala kwabesifazane – ezikutshela ukuthi mhlawumbe izinto zilungile. Kodwa uma ungaziboni lezo zimpawu, ungazibuza nokuthi kufanele wenzeni ukuze uhlole ukuthi owesifazane akakwazi yini ukuzala. Ezimeni ezinjalo, i-kuhlolwa kokukwazi ukuzala kowesifazane kungasiza ukuhlola amazinga amahomoni, imijikelezo yokuvula kweqanda, nesimo sempilo yokuzala ngokujwayelekile, kunikeze ukuqonda okubalulekile ngesimo sokukwazi ukuzala.

Ukuqonda ukukwazi ukuzala kwabesilisa

Amadoda nawo anohlangothi lwawo lwendaba. Akusikho ukuthi abesifazane kuphela okufanele bakhathazeke. Amadoda amaningi ayazibuza, ingabe angakwazi yini ukuzala – lo mbuzo ujwayelekile. Angase adideke ngokuthi wazi kanjani ukuthi awukwazi ukuzala noma ukuthi wazi kanjani ukuthi awukwazi ukuzala uma izinto zingahambi kahle [5].

Ngokuvamile, amadoda awaboni ukuthi kukhona izimpawu zokungakwazi ukuzala kuze kube sekwenziwe ukuhlolwa. Futhi nakuba kungase kungakhulunywa ngakho njengendlela okukhulunywa ngayo ngezinkinga ezibhekene nabesifazane, kubalulekile ngendlela efanayo. Kunamaphawu acacile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlaziywa okulula kwesidoda kunganika izimpendulo.

Ukuhlolwa nokuxilongwa

Ngakho-ke, wenza kanjani ukubona izinto ngempela? Abantu abaningi bayabuza, ngiyazi kanjani ukuthi ngingakhulelwa. Kwabesifazane, indlela evamile wukufunda ukuthi ungahlola kanjani ukuthi owesifazane akakwazi ukukhulelwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi nama-ultrasound. Kwabesilisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imvamisa benziwa ukuhlaziywa kwesidoda. Kuzwakala kulula kodwa akuhlali kunjalo.

Abaningi bayazibuza, uyazi kanjani uma ungenawo amandla okuzala, noma ngisho bathi uyazi kanjani uma ungenamandla okuzala. Kukhona futhi umbuzo othi ngazi kanjani ukuthi angikwazi ukuzala. Lolu hlelo lungadida, kodwa le mibiko yokuhlolwa iwona magxathu okuqala okulethela izinto ecacile [6].

Lapho ukhishwa iqanda kodwa ungakhuleli

Esinye sezimo ezicasulayo kakhulu wukuthi ukhishwa iqanda kodwa awukhuleli. Kuzwakala sengathi konke kuhamba kahle, kodwa usana alufiki. Lokhu kungabangelwa izizathu eziningi, futhi kungahlangana nezimpawu nezibonakaliso zokungabi nenzalo okuphelele, okuyigama elisetshenziswa abanye abantu ukuchaza izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu [7].

Ngezinye izikhathi, naphezu kwemijikelezo ejwayelekile, kuba nezinkinga ezifihlekile ezivelela njengezimpawu zezinkinga zokuzala. Futhi uma uqala ukubona izimpawu ezikhomba ukuthi awunamandla okuzala, kungaba uphawu lokuthi kudingeka kwenziwe olunye ukuhlolwa.

Indlela yokuphila nokwesekwa ngokudla okunempilo

Indlela yokuphila enempilo kwesinye isikhathi ingasiza ukuphatha lezi zinkinga. Abantu bavame ukubheka izindlela ezahlukene lapho befunda ngokuthi yini ebangela ukungabi nenzalo. Ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca njalo kungase kungalungisi yonke into, kodwa kungathuthukisa impilo iyonke futhi kusize ukulinganisa ama-hormone [8].

Ukunakekela umzimba wakho ngokudla okunezakhamzimba ezifanele – njenge-vitamin D, vitamin C, i-folic acid, i-calcium, ne-magnesium – kuyasiza. Lokhu kungasiza ngezimpawu zokungabi nenzalo futhi kunikeze umfutho omncane uma ukhishwa iqanda kodwa awukhuleli. Kuphinde kusekele nalabo abafuna izimpawu zokuthi kukhona izinkinga zokuzala.

Izinketho zokwelashwa nokuphatha ukungabi nenzalo

Uma izinguquko endleleni yokuphila zinganele, kuba khona izinketho zokwelashwa. Kunezindlela eziningi zokubhekana nale nkinga, kusukela emithini kuye ezinhlelweni ezithuthukile njengokufakelwa inhlanyelo esibelethweni noma i-IVF [9]. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zikhona ukusiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zokungabi nenzalo nokuthomalalisa izinkinga zokungabi nenzalo.

Uma uthola ukuthi ukhishwa iqanda kodwa awukhuleli, udokotela wakho angase akuncome imithi ethile. Futhi, uma unezimpawu ezicacile nezibonakalayo zokungabi nenzalo kubesifazane, kungaba yisikhathi sokuzama izindlela zokwelapha eziqinile kakhulu. Ngisho nemibuzo enjengokuthi ngazi kanjani ukuthi angikwazi ukuzala iholela ezingxoxweni ezijulile zokubonisana nodokotela.

Ukubaluleka kokuthola izinkinga kusenesikhathi

Ukuthola izinkinga kusenesikhathi kungaguqula izinto ngempela. Kuyinkathazo ejwayelekile ukuzibuza ukuthi, ngazi kanjani ukuthi ngiyakwazi ukuzala. Ukubamba izinkinga zisavela kusho ukuthi ungazilungisa zingakabi izinkinga ezinkulu. Uma kusenesikhathi ubona izimpawu zokungabi nenzalo, kuba lula ukuphatha izinto [10].

Indlela ebanzi yokunakekela inzalo

Ngezinye izikhathi, kuyasiza ukuthatha isinyathelo ubuyele emuva ubheke isithombe sonke. Ukubuka konke ngokubanzi kusho ukucabangela yonke into – kusukela ezimpawini zokungabi nenzalo kubesifazane kuya engcindezini engokomzwelo nendlela yokuphila [11]. Noma ngabe ubona ezinye izimpawu zokungabi nenzalo, ukuzibhekana nazo ngendlela ephelele kungaveza izixazululo obungeke ube uzicabangele.

Le ndlela iphinde ihlanganise nokubheka izimpawu ezinhle zokuzala kwabesifazane nezimpawu zokuzala kowesifazane, kanye nokuqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga zokuzala. Konke lokho kuyingxenye yokuqonda izimpawu nezibonakaliso zokungabi nenzalo enkulu noma ngisho nezimpawu zokungabi nenzalo ngokujulile.

Ikuphi Isikhathi Esifanele Sokufuna Usizo LoChwepheshe

Uma ubube uzibuza ukuthi, how do you know if you can get pregnant noma uzibuza ukuthi how to know if you are infertile, kungenzeka sekwisikhathi sokubona udokotela. Izivivinyo – njengokuthola ukuthi how to test if a woman is infertile – yizona ezihamba phambili ekusuleni noma yikuphi ukungabaza [12]. Kanti kwabesilisa, izivivinyo ezifanayo zingaphendula imibuzo ethi how do you know if you are infertile and how do you know if your infertile.

Okufanele Ukhumbule Ekugcineni

Ekugcineni, ukuqonda izimpawu zokungabi nenzalo kubaluleke kakhulu uma usohambweni olunje. Ukwazi ukuthi kuyini ukungabi nenzalo, ukuqonda kahle incazelo yokungabi nenzalo, nokwazi izimpawu zokungabi nenzalo kwabesifazane kungakusiza ukuholwa uye ezixazululweni ezifanele. Noma ngabe uzibuza ukuthi ingabe anginanzalo noma uyazibuza ukuthi ngiyakwazi kanjani ukwazi ukuthi nginayo yini inzalo, lonke ulwazi kanye nayo yonke inhlolo – njengokuthi kanjani ukuhlola ukuthi owesifazane akananzalo – kuyisinyathelo esiya phambili.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kusho ukuthini uma nginazo izimpawu zokungabi nenzalo?

Lokho kusho ukuthi kungenzeka uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezivimba ukukhulelwa ukuthi kwenzeke. Lokhu kungafaka imijikelezo engajwayelekile noma ezinye izinguquko ezingabonakali kalula. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Ngingakubona kanjani ukuthi ngingase ngingabi nenzalo?

Ukuhlolwa kubalulekile. Inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kwegazi, ama-ultrasound, kanti kwabesilisa, ukuhlolwa kwesidoda kunganikeza izimpendulo.

Yiziphi ezinye zezimpawu zokungabi nenzalo kowesifazane okufanele ngizinake?

Imijikelezo engajwayelekile, ukopha kakhulu, noma mhlawumbe ukungabi nabo nhlobo abuzali kuyizimpawu ezivamile. Lezi ziyingxenye yezimpawu zokungabi nenzalo kwabesifazane.

Ngiyakwazi kanjani ukwazi ukuthi ngingakhulelwa?

Lokho kuphendulwa kangcono uchungechunge lwezivivinyo. Ukulandelela umjikelezo wakho nokubonana nochwepheshe kungakusiza uqonde ukuzala kwakho.

Ungahlola kanjani kahle ukuthi owesifazane akakwazi ukuzala?

Inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kwegazi, i-ultrasound, nezinye izivivinyo isiza ukuthola izinkinga zokuzala. Kungcono ukubonana nodokotela ukuze wenze ukuhlolwa okuphelele.

Izikhombo

1. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2021). Ukuhlolwa kokuzala kwabesifazane abangazali: umbono wekomidi (2021). Available at: https://www.asrm.org/practice-guidance/practice-committee-documents/fertility-evaluation-of-infertile-women-a-committee-opinion-2021/
2. Chavarro, J. E., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Rosner, B. A., & Willett, W. C. (2007). Ukudla Nendlela Yokuphila Ekuvimbeleni Ukungazali Okubangelwa Ukuphazamiseka Ekukhishweni Kwamaqanda. Obstetrics and gynecology. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17978119/
3. Gnoth, C., Frank-Herrmann, P., Schmoll, A., Godehardt, E., & Freundl, G. (2002). Izici Zomjikelezo Ngemva Kokuyeka Amaphilisi Okuvimbela Ukukhulelwa Athathwa Ngomlomo. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12396560/
4. Zegers-Hochschild, F., Adamson, G. D., Dyer, S., Racowsky, C., de Mouzon, J., Sokol, R., Rienzi, L., Sunde, A., Schmidt, L., Cooke, I. D., Simpson, J. L., & van der Poel, S. (2017). Isichazamazwi Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokungazali Nokunakekelwa Kokuzala, 2017. Fertility and sterility. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28760517/
5. Agarwal, A., Baskaran, S., Parekh, N., Cho, C. L., Henkel, R., Vij, S., Arafa, M., Panner Selvam, M. K., & Shah, R. (2021). Ukungazali Kwabesilisa. Lancet (London, England). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33308486/
6. Guzick, D. S., Overstreet, J. W., Factor-Litvak, P., Brazil, C. K., Nakajima, S. T., Coutifaris, C., Carson, S. A., Cisneros, P., Steinkampf, M. P., Hill, J. A., Xu, D., Vogel, D. L., & National Cooperative Reproductive Medicine Network (2001). Ukuma, Ukunyakaza, Nokugxila Kwesidoda Emadodeni Azalayo Nalangazali. The New England journal of medicine. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11794171/
7. Collins, J. A., Wrixon, W., Janes, L. B., & Wilson, E. H. (1983). Ukukhulelwa Okungaxhomeki Ekwelashweni Kubashadile Abangazali. The New England journal of medicine. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6633567/
8. Gaskins, A. J., & Chavarro, J. E. (2018). Ukudla Nokuzala: Uhlaziyo. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28844822/
9. Dyer, S., Chambers, G. M., de Mouzon, J., Nygren, K. G., Zegers-Hochschild, F., Mansour, R., Ishihara, O., Banker, M., & Adamson, G. D. (2016). Umbiko womhlaba we-International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Assisted Reproductive Technology 2008, 2009 no-2010. Human reproduction (Oxford, England). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27207175/
10. Smith, A. D. A. C., Tilling, K., Nelson, S. M., & Lawlor, D. A. (2015). Izinga Lokuzalwa Kwezingane Ziphephe Elihlotshaniswa Nemijikelezo Ephindaphindiwe Yokwelashwa nge-In Vitro Fertilization. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26717030/
11. Domar, A. D., Clapp, D., Slawsby, E., Kessel, B., Orav, J., & Freizinger, M. (2000). Umthelela wokungenelela kwengqondo kweqembu ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka kwabesifazane abangazali. Health psychology : ijenali esemthethweni ye-Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11129360/
12. Carson, S. A., & Kallen, A. N. (2021). Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kokungazali: Uhlaziyo. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9302705/