Ucansi ngaphandle Kokuvikelwa Ungakugwema Kanjani Ukukhulelwa?

Imibhangqwana eminingi ihlela ukubambezela ukukhulelwa ngezizathu zobuqu, bese ikhetha ukulalana ngokuzivikela ukuze igweme ingozi yokukhulelwa okungahlelwanga. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi, le mibhangqwana ingase ilale ngaphandle kokuvikelwa ngezizathu ezahlukene, njengekubamba usathane, ukulahleka kwezindlela zokuvikela, noma ukukholwa ukuthi isikhathi somjikelezo “siphephile” [1].

Kulezi zimo, umbuzo ovame ukuvela uthi, “ucansi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwenziwani ukuze kugwemeke ukukhulelwa?” Uma uzithola kulesi simo, ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela eziningi zokuvikela inzalo ezisebenzayo ongazisebenzisa ukunciphisa ingozi yokukhulelwa ongakuhlelanga.

Izingcuphe Zokulala Ngaphandle Kokuvikelwa

Ukulala ngaphandle kokuvikelwa akunalutho olubi uma kwenzeka kumlingani wakho futhi nobabili nilungele ukukhulelwa. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, ukulala ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kungandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.

1. Ingozi Yokukhulelwa

Ukulala ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kungaholela ekukhulelweni okungafuneki, okungadala izinselele ezinkulu kubantu ababambisene. Lezi zinselele zingahlanganisa ingcindezi yezezimali, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, nokuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuphila.

Ukuhlelela ingane kudinga ukulungiselela, kanti ukukhulelwa okungahleliwe kungaba yinselele enkulu kulabo abangakakulungele. Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela indlela elula nethembekile yokugwema lezi zinkinga ezingase zivele nokugcina inhliziyo ikhathazekile kancane.

2. Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi (STIs)

Ukulala ngaphandle kokuvikelwa nakho kwandisa ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs), njengochlamydia, umgogodla (gonorrhea), noma i-HIV [2]. Ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi zingaba nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside kwezempilo uma zingelashwa.

Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu ngesikhathi socansi ingenye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuzivikela ezifweni ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs) [3]. Ngaphezu kokuzivikela, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezempilo nokuxhumana okuvulekile ngesimo sakho socansi nomlingani wakho nakho kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwakho nowomlingani wakho.

Izindlela Zokugwema Ukukhulelwa Ngemuva Kokulala Ngaphandle Kokuvikelwa

Uma ubelale ngaphandle kokuvikelwa futhi ubheka ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukuze ungakhuleli, nanka amanye amasu asebenzayo angakusiza:

1. Amaphilisi Okucisha Inzalo Okuphuthumayo

Amaphilisi okucisha inzalo okuphuthumayo, aziwa nangokuthi amaphilisi angemva kokulala, ayizinhlobo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngemuva kokulala ngaphandle kokuvikelwa [4]. Lawa maphilisi asebenza ngokubambezela ukukhishwa kweqanda ukuze isidoda singakwazi ukuchanyusela iqanda.

Isidoda singaphila izinsuku ezi-5 kuphela ngaphakathi kohlelo lokuzala lwesifazane kanti ngokubambezela ukukhishwa kweqanda, lawa maphilisi anciphisa amathuba okuthi kube khona iqanda elitholakala amaseli esidoda. Asebenza kahle kakhulu uma ewathathwe phakathi kwamahora angama-72 ngemuva kokulala, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zisebenza kuze kufike emahoreni ayi-120 kamuva.

2. Ithuluzi Lokuvimbela Inzalo Elifakwa Esibelethweni Elenziwe Nge-copper (IUD)

I-copper IUD ingafakwa umhlinzeki wezempilo phakathi kwezinsuku ezinhlanu ngemuva kokulala ngaphandle kokuvikelwa. Isebenza ngokudala indawo enobutha kumasperm, ivimbele ukuchanyuselwa [5]. Ithusi liyabulala isidoda, kanti i-IUD iphinde ivimbele ukufakwa kweqanda elichumile esibelethweni. I-copper IUD ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengesinyathelo sesimo esiphuthumayo kodwa iphinde isebenze njengendlela yesikhathi eside yokuvimbela inzalo iminyaka efika kweyi-10.

3. Izindlela zokukhipha isidoda

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuchama ngokushesha ngemuva kocansi noma ukuhlanza isitho sangasese sowesifazane kusiza ukunciphisa amathuba okukhulelwa. Nakuba lezi zindlela zingaqinisekisi ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngokuphelele, zingasiza ukususa esinye isidoda emgudwini wokuzala.

Ngenxa yokungaqiniseki mayelana nokusebenza kwalezi zindlela, akufanele uthembele kuzo njengezindlela ezisemqoka zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa. Ungazisebenzisa kanye nezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo ezifana nemithi yokuvimbela inzalo yesimo esiphuthumayo.

4. Izikhundla zocansi

Ngenkathi kungekho sikhundla socansi esiqinisekisa ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa, abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlala umi noma ukuma ngemuva kocansi kunganciphisa amathuba okufika kwesidoda eqandeni. Le ndlela ingasiza ukunciphisa ukunyakaza kwesidoda uma amandla adonsela phansi esebenza ngawe.

Khumbula ukuthi amaseli esidoda angabhukuda aya eqandeni ngisho noma emelana namandla adonsela phansi [6]. Yingakho lezi zinhlobo zemithi yokuvimbela inzalo zingafanele zibe inketho yakho yokuqala yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa.

Amanye amathiphu okuvimbela ukukhulelwa

Kukhona ezinye izindlela eziningi zokunciphisa ingozi yokukhulelwa uma zithathwa ngokushesha. Amathiphu alandelayo angakusiza ukuphatha izimo ezinjalo ngendlela ephumelelayo:

1. Gwema i-douching

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukugeza ngaphakathi esithweni sangasese sowesifazane (douching) noma ukuligeza ngemuva kocansi kungasiza ukuvikela ukukhulelwa. Kodwa empeleni, imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi i-douching ingaqhubekisela isidoda kude kakhulu emgudwini wokuzala, okwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa [7]. Kungaphinde kuphazamise ibhalansi yemvelo yamagciwane esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, okungakhuphula ingozi yokutheleleka.

2. Funda ngemithi yokuvimbela inzalo

Ukuzifundisa ngezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukukhulelwa okungahleliwe. Amakondomu, amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, nama-IUD konke kuyasebenza kakhulu kuphela uma wazi ukuthi uwasebenzisa kanjani ngendlela efanele. Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo, kanti ukubonisana nochwepheshe bezempilo kungakusiza ukhethe leyo ekusebenzela kangcono. Fakulabo abayeka imishanguzo yama-hormone yokuvimbela inzalo, i-Ukukhipha ubuthi kwemishanguzo yokuvimbela inzalo kungasiza ukubuyisela ibhalansi yama-hormone nokusekela impilo yakho yokuzala ngendlela ephumelelayo.

3. Xhumana nozakwenu

Ukuxhumana okuvulekile nomlingani wakho mayelana nokuvimbela inzalo nezindlela zemvelo zokuhlela umndeni kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke kunoma yiliphi zwe lobudlelwano. Ningaxoxa ngezinhlelo zenu nokukhathazeka ukuze niqiniseke ukuthi nobabili ninombono ofanayo ngokuvimbela ukukhulelwa. Lapho nobabili ningabantu abanolwazi nabazimisele, kuba lula ukugwema izimo eziyingozi njengokukhulelwa okungahleliwe.

4. Funafuna Ukuholwa Kwezokwelashwa

Uma ubelale ocansini ungenazivikelo futhi ungaqiniseki ukuthi ungavimba kanjani ukukhulelwa, cela iseluleko kochwepheshe bezempilo. Bangakuqondisa ngezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo eziphuthumayo futhi bakusize ukhethe indlela yesikhathi eside yokuvimbela inzalo.

Amaqiniso Amanga Mayelana Nokuvimbela Ukukhulelwa

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhathazeka nengcindezi yokulala ocansini ungenazivikelo kungabangela abantu bakholelwe emaqinisweni amanga okuvimbela ukukhulelwa. Nawa amanye amaqiniso amanga avamile mayelana nokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ongase ube uke wawabona ku-inthanethi noma ezikhungweni zezempilo:

Iqiniso elingamanga 1: Ukugeza Ngemva Kocansi Kuvimbela Ukukhulelwa

Awekho ubufakazi bokuthi ukugeza noma ukugeza emzimbeni ngemva kokulala ocansini kuvimbela ukukhulelwa. Ngisho kungase kuphushe amaseli esidoda angene kakhulu ngaphakathi esibelethweni futhi kwandise amathuba okukhulelwa [7]. Yingakho kungesona isinqumo esihle ukuthembela kule ndlela njengendlela eyinhloko yokuvimbela inzalo.

Iqiniso elingamanga 2: Indlela Yokuhudula Ngaphandle Isebenza Njalo

Indlela yokuzihudula, noma "ukuphusha ngaphandle," ayithembekile ngoba idinga ukunemba okukhulu. Ngisho noma uhudula ngaphandle ngaphambi kokuchama, i-uketshezi lwangaphambi kokuchama lungaqukatha isidoda lungaholela ekukhulelweni.

Iqiniso elingamanga 3: Ukudla Okuthile Noma Iziphuzo Ezingavimba Ukukhulelwa

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukudla okuthile noma ukuphuza iziphuzo ezithile ngemva kokulala ocansini kungavimba ukukhulelwa. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukudla okungaphilile nokucatshunguliwe kungalimaza impilo yokuzala namathuba okukhulelwa esikhathini eside, kodwa awekho ubufakazi bokuthi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla noma isiphuzo lungavimba ukukhulelwa ngokushesha [8].

Izindlela Zokuvimbela Inzalo Ezihlala Njalo Kwabesifazane

Uma wena ung uma unelukuluku lokwazi ukuthi ungabelana kanjani ngesondo ungakhulelwa noma ungabi sengozini yokukhulelwa, ukuvimbela inzalo okuyindlela ehlala njalo kuyisixazululo. Okuhlala njalo izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo zilungele abesifazane asebenabo izingane futhi baqinisekile ukuthi abafuni ukuba nezinye ezingane esikhathini esizayo.

Lezi zindlela zisebenza ngokuvimbela inhlamvu ukuthi ingachanyuselwa ngamaseli esidoda noma inhlamvu ukuthi ingakwazi ukunamathela esibelethweni. Nansi eminye imikhuba yokuvimbela inzalo engapheli esetshenziswa kakhulu kwabesifazane:

1. Ukubopha amapayipi esibeletho

Ngemva kokuphuma kweqanda, iqanda lowesifazane lingena emapayipini okubeletha lapho lihlangana khona nesidoda ukuze kube nokufecundwa. Ukubopha amapayipi esibeletho, okwenzeka ukuba kwaziwe kakhulu ngokuthi "ukubopha amapayipi akho", kuhilela ukuvala, ukusika noma ukuvimba amapayipi okubeletha ngokuhlinzwa [9].

Le yindlela yokumisa isidoda ekufinyeleleni iqanda, ngaleyo ndlela kugwemeke ingozi yokufecundwa. Inqubo ephephile futhi esebenza kahle, kodwa ezimweni eziningi ayibuyiseki emuva. Abesifazane kufanele bacabangele lolu khetho kuphela uma beqinisekile ngesinqumo sabo sokungafuni ukukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo.

2. Salpingectomy

I-Salpingectomy ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwelinye noma womabili amapayipi okubeletha [10]. Le nqubo ayivimbeli nje ukukhulelwa kuphela kodwa iphinde yehlise ubungozi bomdlavuza wamaqanda esibeletho. Ngokungafani nokubopha amapayipi esibeletho, lapho ukuguqula kungenzeka kwezinye izimo, lena indlela yokuvala inzalo unomphela. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalolu khetho nomlingani wakho ukuze kugwemeke ukukhathazeka esikhathini esizayo.

Okubalulekile ekugcineni

Ucansi oluvikelekile lukusiza ugweme ukukhulelwa uma ungakahleli ukuba nomntwana kodwa ufuna ukusondelana ngokomzimba. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, imibhangqwana ifuna izindlela zokugwema ukukhulelwa ngemva kocansi olungenalo ikhondomu. Lokhu kuvusa umbuzo ojwayelekile: ucansi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa – indlela yokugwema ukukhulelwa?

Kuyenzeka ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngisho nangemva kocansi olungenalo ikhondomu ngosizo kwamaphilisi okulamula okuphuthumayo namadivayisi afakwa esibelethweni afana ne-copper IUD. Uma owesifazane efuna izindlela zokuvala ukukhulelwa unomphela, angakhetha izindlela zokuvala ukukhulelwa unomphela ezifana nokubopha amapayipi esibeletho (tubal ligation) ne-salpingectomy.

Into ebalulekile owesifazane angalokothi ayibheke phansi ezimeni ezinjalo ukuxhumana nomlingani wakhe nokubonisana nochwepheshe ukuze athole ukuqondiswa okufanele nokuphepha.

Imithombo esetshenzisiwe

1. Inini isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwenza ucansi futhi ugweme ukukhulelwa? (kwentsha). (n.d.). https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/avoid-pregnancy.html 
2. Garcia, M. R., Leslie, S. W., & Wray, A. A. (2024, April 20). Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560808/ 
3. Amakondomu. (2024, Februwari 12). https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/stis/prevention/condoms 
4. Cleland, K., Raymond, E. G., Westley, E., & Trussell, J. (2014). Uhlaziyo lokuvikelwa kokukhulelwa okuphuthumayo. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 57(4), 741–750. https://doi.org/10.1097/grf.0000000000000056 
5. ParaGard® (i-IUD yethusi). (2024, Meyi 1). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/17741-paragard-copper-iud 
6. Makler, A., Stoller, J., Blumenfeld, Z., Feigin, P. D., & Brandes, J. M. (1993). Ucwaningo ngesikhathi sangempela ngomthelela wamandla adonsela phansi kuma-spermatozoa abantu kanye nendlela avame ukuba nomkhuba wayo yokubhukuda enyuka naphansi. Andrology, 16(4), 251–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01188.x 
7. Ukugeza isitho sangasese sowesifazane | Office on Women’s Health. (n.d.). OASH | Office on Women’s Health. https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching 
8. Łakoma, K., Kukharuk, O., & Śliż, D. (2023b). Umthelela wezinto eziphathelene ne-metabolic nokudla ekuzaleni. Nutrients, 15(5), 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051180 
9. Marino, S., Canela, C. D., Jenkins, S. M., & Nama, N. (2024, Februwari 16). Ukuvinjelwa kokuzala ngokuqinile kwamapayipi. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470377/ 
10. Professional, C. C. M. (2024e, Juni 4). Salpingectomy. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21879-salpingectomy