Indlela Yokuhlela Ukulawulwa Kokuzala nemiPhumela emi-5 ehamba phambili Yokuvikela Ukukhulelwa

Abantu abaningi bafuna izindlela zokulawula ukuzala ngendlela ehambisana nezinhloso zabo siqu, ngakho ukufunda ukuthi ungahlela kanjani isu lokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kubalulekile. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingcindezi, ukugcina impilo, nokugcina izinketho zivulekile mayelana nobuzali besikhathi esizayo. Abanye abantu bakhetha izindlela zesikhashana zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, kanti abanye bazizwa bephephile ngezixazululo ezihlala isikhathi eside. Ukuba nombono ophelele ngezindlela ezitholakalayo nokwazi ukuthi izakhamzimba zingathinta kanjani ukuzala kungaqondisa isinqumo esingcono esigabeni ngasinye [1].

Ngezansi kunesakhiwo esibanzi, esimboza konke kusukela ezindleleni ezisebenzisa amahomoni nezingasebenzisi amahomoni kuya ezixazululweni zaphakade nezinhlanganisela zezinto ezondlayo ezihambisanayo.

Kungani Kufanele Ucabangele Uhlelo Lokuvimbela Ukukhulelwa?

Isu elihleliwe linikeza izinzuzo eziningi. Enye inzuzo ukuthula kwengqondo. Akekho ofuna ukumangala engakulindele ngaphambi kokuzizwa eselungele. Enye inzuzo inkululeko yokugxila emsebenzini, empilweni, noma kwezezimali. Abanye abantu bathola nokuthi ukukhetha ngokucophelela kusiza ukugcina amandla okukhiqiza inzalo eminyakeni ezayo. Amathuluzi neziuhlolo ze-Ukuzala Kwesimanje angasiza ekuqondeni impilo yokuzala nasekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Kungabuye kukhuphule ukuzethemba. Indlela ecatshangelwe kahle ibheka isimo sempilo yomuntu, izinga lokunethezeka, kanye nokuhlela uhlelo lokuhlela umndeni olwemvelo esikhathini esizayo. Ukuba nohlelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela ngayinye ihambisana nemikhuba yansuku zonke, kungaba ukukhumbula iphilisi nsuku zonke noma ukukhetha inketho engadingi ukunakwa njalo.

Ukwaba lolu hlelo kusiza futhi ukukhuthaza izingxoxo ezivulekile nodokotela. Bangase banikeze iziphakamiso uma ezinye izindlela zingqubuzana nezimo ezikhona zezempilo [2].

Qaphela okuncane: Abanye bangase bacabangele imibono yamasiko noma yenkolo, kodwa lowo mbono uncike ekukholweni komuntu ngamunye.

Izinketho Zamahomoni

Imishanguzo yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa esekelwe kumahomoni ngokuvamile incike ku-estrogen, i-progestin, noma inhlanganisela yazo zombili. Amaphilisi, amaphetshana anamathelayo, izindandatho, imijovo, nama-implant konke kungaphakathi kwalesi sigaba. Lezi zindlela zivimba ukukhishwa kweqanda noma zizenze kube nzima ukuthi isidoda silifinyelele. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zindlela zibonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu uma zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele [3].

Abanye babona imiphumela emibi emincane: ikhanda elibuhlungu noma ukuguquka kwemizwelo. Abanye babona izinguquko ekuphumeni kokuya esikhathini. Kodwa le miphumela emibi ivame ukuba buthaka ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngesikhathi usebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezinamahomoni, amavithamini B, i-magnesium, nensimbi kungasiza ukugcina amandla. Ukuvakashela umhlinzeki wezempilo ngezikhathi ezithile kungasiza ukucacisa ukuthi kudingeka yini izinguquko.

Izindlela Zezithiyo

Izindlela zezithiyo zivikela ngokomzimba amasidoda ukuthi angafinyeleli eqandeni. Izinketho zifaka amakhondomu endoda, amakhondomu owesifazane, ama-diaphragm, namakepisi esibeletho. Amakhondomu futhi anikeza ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuvikela kwezinye izifo.

Njengoba lezi zindlela zingasebenzisi amahomoni, abaningi bazikhetha ngoba ziphazamisa umzimba kancane. Nokho zidinga ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela njalo. Ukuzisebenzisa ngendlela engeyiyo (isib. ukufaka ikhondomu sekuvele kwenzeke ucansi) kunganciphisa ukusebenza kwazo.

Ama-diaphragm namakepisi ngokuvamile adinga ukulinganiswa ochwepheshe bezempilo. Lokho kuqinisekisa ukuvala kahle nxazonke zesibeletho (cervix). Futhi, ukugcina amakhondomu endaweni ebandayo, eyomile kusiza ukuvimbela ukuklwebheka [4].

Izindlela Ezisebenza Isikhathi Eside Ezibuyisekayo

Izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezisebenza isikhathi eside ezibuyisekayo (LARCs) zihlala zisebenza isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amadivayisi afakwa esibelethweni (ama-IUD), anamahomoni nangethusi, kanye nama-implant engalweni.

Ama-IUD angahlala kusukela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kweyishumi, kuye ngedivayisi ethile. Ama-IUD ethusi awanahomoni nhlobo kodwa angadala ukuba isikhathi sokuya esikhathini sibe nzima noma sibuhlungu kakhulu. Ama-IUD anamahomoni akhipha i-progestin, okwenza imijikelezo eminingi ibe lula noma ibe mfushane. I-implant, induku encane efakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sengalo engenhla, ingavimbela ukukhulelwa cishe iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu [5].

Iningi lithola lezi zindlela zilula ukuzisebenzisa. Azidingi ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke noma kanyenyanga okuningi. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kochwepheshe kuqinisekisa ukufakwa kahle. Ukukukhipha kuyendlela ongayikhetha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi uma ukukhulelwa sekuyinhloso.

Izinketho Zaphakade

Izixazululo zaphakade, njenge-tubal ligation noma i-vasectomy, zihloselwe labo abazizwa beqinisekile ngokungafuni ukuba nezingane esikhathini esizayo. I-tubal ligation ihilela ukuvalwa kwamapayipi e-fallopian, kanti i-vasectomy yona inqamula indlela amasidoda ahamba ngayo. Lezi zinqubo zisebenza cishe ngo-100%, kodwa ukuzibuyisa kunzima futhi akuhlali kuphumelela [6].

Ukululama kuvame ukungathathi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezinto ongase uzisole ngazo nodokotela wakho kusenesikhathi. Abanye bangase bakhethe indlela engeyona unomphela uma kukhona ithuba lokuthi bangashintsha umqondo.

Ukugcina impilo enhle nokudla okunomsoco kuhlala kubalulekile enkingeni yonke, ngisho noma ukwazi ukuzala esikhathini esizayo kungasekho yinkinga.

Ukulinganisa Izindlela Zokuvikela Ukukhulelwa Nezinhloso Zekusasa Zokukhulelwa

Abantu abazi ukuthi bafuna ukuba nengane emuva kwesikhathi bavame ukuzibuza ukuthi bangayihlanganisa kanjani indlela abavikela ngayo ukukhulelwa manje nezinhlelo zabo zokukhulelwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuvikela ukukhulelwa, njengephilisi noma indandatho, zikuvumela ukuthi ubuyele ekuzaleni ngokushesha nje lapho uyeka. Ezinye, njengezinhlobo ezijovwayo, zingathatha isikhathi eside kancane ngaphambi kokuthi ziphele emzimbeni.

Imikhuba yokuphila nayo ibalulekile. Ukuthola amavithamini anele (C, E, B-complex) kungasekela ukusebenza kwamahomoni. Ukwehlisa ingcindezi ngokuzivocavoca okukhanyayo noma i-yoga emnene kungakhuthaza imijikelezo evamile. Ukunciphisa ukubhema nakho kuyasiza uma uzama ukuba nefasitela elinempilo lokukhulelwa eminyakeni ezayo.

Ezimweni eziningi, uchwepheshe anganikeza umugqa wesikhathi, ukuze kube nokucaca ngokuthi ukuzala kungabuyela nini ngokushesha ngemva kokuyeka indlela ethile [7].

Ukuxhumanisa AmaVithamini Namaminerali Nempilo Yokuzalana

Izinhlelo zokuzalana zithembele ohlotsheni oluningi lwamavithamini namaminerali. I-folic acid yaziwa ngokusiza ukuvimbela ezinye izinkinga zomntwana okhulayo. I-myo-inositol ne-D-chiro inositol zingakhuthaza ukulinganisa kangcono kwe-insulin, okuzuzisa abantu abane-PCOS. I-CoQ10 iyi-antioxidant engavikela amaqanda namaseli esidoda ekulimaleni [8].

I-Zinc ibalulekile kwekhwalithi yesidoda nokulinganisela kwamahomoni. Kanti-ke insimbi isiza ekuqinisekiseni ukusatshalaliswa komoya-mpilo okwanele. Abaningi bathola nokuthi i-magnesium isiza ukuphumula namazinga wamandla azinzile. Isakhamzimba ngasinye sinendima yaso, yize kungekho supplement eyodwa eqinisekisa ukukhulelwa okusheshayo.

Ukudla ukudla okuhlukahlukene—imifino eluhlaza, amaprotheni, okusanhlamvu namafutha anempilo—kusiza kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni amazinga ayisisekelo. Ama-supplement angaba usizo uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa ukuswela noma uma indlela yokudla iminyene.

Yiziphi Izindlela ezinhlanu Zokuvikela Ukukhulelwa

Kuvame ukusiza ukubona uhlu olucacile. Lesi sigaba sigqamisa izindlela ezinhlanu ezihamba phambili zokuvikela ukukhulelwa ezitholakala zisebenza kubantu abaningi.

Indlela 1: Iphilisi

Iphilisi losuku nosuku elilawula amazinga amahomoni, ikakhulukazi limise ukukhishwa kweqanda. Ukuligcina uthatha njalo nsuku zonke kubalulekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuvikelwa kwehla. Abanye baba nokushintsha kwemizwa ekuqaleni. Abanye babona ukuthuthuka ekulawulweni komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini [9].

Indlela 2: IUD

Idivayisi emise okwe-T efakwa esibelethweni. Ama-IUD anamahomoni akhipha i-progestin, ama-IUD angenawo amahomoni ancike ethusini. Zombili zingahlala iminyaka eminingana futhi kulula ukuhlehlisa umphumela ngokukukhipha [10].

Indlela 3: Amakhondomu

Izingibe ezincane zokuvikela ezivimba ukungena kwesidoda. Kulula ukuzithola futhi zingavikela kwezinye izifo. Ukuzifaka ngendlela efanele njalo lapho kusetshenziswa kubalulekile [11].

Indlela 4: I-Implant

Induku encane esandleni ekhupha i-progestin kancane kancane. Ingahlala cishe iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu. Ukuzala kuvame ukubuyela maduze ngemva kokukhumulwa [12].

Indlela 5: Umjovo Wokuvimbela Ukukhulelwa

Umjovo, ovame ukunikwa njalo ezinyangeni ezithile. Uvimba ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda futhi ungashintsha iphethini yokopha kokuya esikhathini. Udinga ukulandela isikhathi kahle ukuze uthole omunye umjovo ngesikhathi [13].

Indlela 6: Ukubopha Amapayipi (Tubal Ligation) noma i-Vasectomy (Unomphela)

Isinyathelo sokugcina kubo abangafuni ukuzala esikhathini esizayo. Ukuhlinzwa kuqondiswe emathubeni ka-Fallopian noma ku-vas deferens ukuvimba ukuhamba kweqanda noma kwesidoda. Ukubuyisela emuva kungaba nzima [14].

Ukwakha Izinqolobane Zokuzala Ngaphambi Kokuyeka Izidakamizwa Zokulawula Ukuzala

Ukulungisa umzimba ngaphambi kokumisa izidakamizwa zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kungenza uguquko lube lula. Abanye bahlela izinyanga ezimbalwa zokudla kangcono nokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke. Abanye banganezela izithasiselo ezifana ne-folic acid ne-vitamin D, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukushoda okwaziwayo.

Ingcindezi ingaphazamisa imijikelezo, ngakho amasu athambile okunciphisa ingcindezi ayasiza. Imvelo enokuthula ingathuthukisa ibhalansi yamahomoni nokuvuthwa kwamaqanda. Ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lomzimba wesisekelo noma ukusebenzisa amakhithi okubikezela ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda ngemva kokuyeka ukulawulwa kokuzalwa kungasiza ukuthola kahle ukuthi ukuzala kubuyela nini.

Ukubekezela kuhlakaniphile. Abanye babona ukubuyela ngokushesha emijikelezweni evamile, kanti abanye kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuthi amahomoni azinzile [15].

Indima Yama-Lubricant Anobungane Ekuzaleni

Ama-lubricant ajwayelekile angase abe nezingxube ezithinta indlela isidoda esihamba ngayo, okungase kube inkinga uma ukukhulelwa sekusondela. Ama-lubricant anobungane ekuzaleni ahlose ukugcina impilo yesidoda ngokunikeza imvelo ye-pH engaqothuli [16].

Iningi lezixube lifaka ama-ion e-calcium noma e-magnesium. La akopisha uketshezi lwendalo emgudwini wokuzala. Nabalisebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, ukushintshela ku-lubricant enobungane esidodeni kungaba usizo uma kuhlelwa ukukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo.

Hlola amalebuli ngokucophelela njalo. Eminye imikhiqizo isanamakhambi acasulayo noma ama-paraben angafanelani bonke abasebenzisi.

Okubalulekile ekugcineni

Lapho kunqunywa indlela yokuhlela isu lokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, umuntu angakhetha izixazululo zesikhashana, amadivayisi okuvimba, noma ngisho nezinyathelo zaphakade, kuye ngokuthandwa komuntu siqu nezifiso zesikhathi eside. Izinto eziningi njengomlando wezempilo, indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, nezinto ezibekwe phambili kwezezimali zidlala indima ekukhetheni indlela efanele.

Kuhlakanipile futhi ukukhumbula indlela ukudla, amavithamini, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuthambisa ezibhekelelayo okungase kuthinte ngayo ukuzala nempilo yonke. Uhlelo olunzulu lungasiza ukugcina ukuzethemba nokwenza ukushintsha kube lula, uma noma nini inhloso iba wukukhulelwa. Ngamafuphi, uhambo lokuhlela indlela yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa lungakhelwa nxazonke kokunethezeka komuntu siqu, inhlalakahle, nethemba lekusasa.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile

Ingabe ukuzala kungabuya masinyane ngemva kokuyeka izindlela zamahomoni?

Yebo. Abanye babona imijikelezo yabo ijwayeleka masinyane, kodwa abanye kudinga izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze ilawuleke kahle.

Ingabe izithiyo zivikela ngempela ezitshalweni zogciwane?

Ikhondomu yesilisa neyabesifazane ingasiza. Ama-diaphragm nama-cap, nokho, ngokuvamile awavikeli ezifweni ezithathelwanayo ngokocansi.

Ingabe izindlela zaphakade zinethuba elithile lokubuyekezwa?

Ngokobuchwepheshe yebo, kodwa impumelelo ayiqinisekisiwe neze futhi kungabiza kakhulu noma kube ukungenelela okunzima emzimbeni. Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukuqapha uma kukhethwa izinqubo ezingaguquki.

Ingabe amavithamini noma amaminerali angakuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhulelwa ngokushesha?

Angase asize imisebenzi evamile yomzimba futhi anciphise izingozi, kodwa akukho isengezo esithemba ukukhulelwa ngokushesha. Ukudla okunempilo nemikhuba enempilo kuhlala kubalulekile.

Kwenzekani uma amahomoni ebangela imiphumela emibi engafuni ukuphela?

Ukukhuluma nochwepheshe bezokwelapha mayelana nokushintsha noma ukulungisa umthamo kungasiza ukuxazulula izimpawu ezingapheli. Imiphumela emibi yesikhashana ivame ukwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa izinkinga ezinzima zifuna ukuhlolwa kabusha.

Izikhombo

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2. Gavin, L., Moskosky, S., Carter, M., Curtis, K., Glass, E., Godfrey, E., Marcell, A., Mautone-Smith, N., Pazol, K., Tepper, N., Zapata, L., & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014). Ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhlela umndeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu: Izincomo ze-CDC ne-U.S. Office of Population Affairs. MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24759690/
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4. Gallo, M. F., Grimes, D. A., & Schulz, K. F. (2002). I-cervical cap uma iqhathaniswa ne-diaphragm ekuvimbeleni ukukhulelwa. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2002(4), CD003551. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12519602/
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6. Shih, G., Turok, D. K., & Parker, W. J. (2011). I-vasectomy: olunye (olungcono) uhlobo lokungenza umuntu angabi nabantwana. Ukuzivikela ekukhulelweni. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21397087/
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