Izinhlungu zokuya esikhathini nezokuqala zokukhulelwa: Ungazihlukanisa Kanjani

Ukuqaqamba kuyinto evamile kowesifazane phakathi nomjikelezo wakhe wokuzala. Noma kwesinye isikhathi kungacasula, kusiza futhi ukuba uqonde umjikelezo wakho wokuzala.

Isibonelo, ukuqaqamba ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kokuqanda kungakusiza ukuthi uthole izinsuku zakho zokuvuthwa kokuqanda, okubalulekile ekukhulelweni okuyimpumelelo. Ngokufanayo, ukuqaqamba kokukhulelwa kungakutshela mayelana nokukhulelwa kwakho prukukhulelwa kusenesikhathi kakhulu kunezinye izimpawu eziningi zokukhulelwa.

Nokho, kungaba nzima kwabanye abesifazane ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuqaqamba ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini nokuqaqamba kokuqala kokukhulelwa ngoba kwenzeka cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokungafani nokuqaqamba ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kokuqanda okuvela phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezi-14 ngaphambi kosuku olulindelekile lokuya esikhathini [1].

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kokuqaqamba ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini nokuqaqamba kokuqala kokukhulelwa ukuze sikusize uqonde kangcono umjikelezo wakho wokuzala futhi uhlele ukunakekelwa kwakho ngendlela efanele.

Umjikelezo wokuzala kowesifazane

Ukuze uqonde kahle izinhlobo ezihlukene zokuqaqamba ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuzala kowesifazane, kudingeka uqale uqonde umjikelezo wokuzala uqobo. Umjikelezo wokuzala kowesifazane uqukethe izigaba ezine ezivelele. Lezi yilezi:

1. Isigaba sokuya esikhathini (Usuku 1 kuya ku-5)

Kuyisiqalo somjikelezo wokuya esikhathini lapho ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwesibeletho olwakhiwe emjikelezweni odlule luqala ukuchithika. Lolu ngqimba lwesibeletho luqala ukwakheka ukuze lusekele ukukhulelwa, kodwa uma ukukhulelwa kungenzeki, ungqimba luqala ukudabuka luphume [2]. Lokhu kuchitheka kongqimba lwesibeletho kuholela ekuphumenikeni kwegazi esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, okwaphinde kwaziwe njengegazi lokuya esikhathini.

2. Isigaba se-follicular (Usuku 1 kuya ku-13)

Isigaba se-follicular siqala kanye nesigaba sokuya esikhathini kodwa siqhubeka size sifike ekuvuthweni kokuqanda. Kulesi sigaba, i-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ikhuthaza inqubo yokuvuthwa kweqanda ngaphakathi kwamafolikhili [3].

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazinga e-estrogen nawo aqala ukukhuphuka maphakathi nesigaba se-follicular, ngemuva kokuphela kwesigaba sokuya esikhathini, ukuze kulungiswe ungqimba lwesibeletho ukusekela ukukhulelwa okungenzeka.

3. Ukuvuthwa kokuqanda (Usuku 14)

Ukuvuthwa kokuqanda yisikhathi lapho elinye lamafolikhili amaningi asevuthiwe ngaphakathi emaqandeni liqhuma likhulule iqanda ngaphakathi emaqandeni [4]. Ihomoni ebizwa nge-luteinizing hormone (LH) isiza ukukhululwa kwale qanda kusuka kufolikhili. Iqanda lihamba liye emgudwini we-fallopian ukuze lingahle lifakelwe isidoda.

4. Isigaba se-luteal (Usuku 15 kuya ku-28)

Yisona sikhathi lapho amazinga e-estrogen ne-progesterone eqala ukukhuphuka. Lawa mahomoni alungiselela usayizi wesibeletho wamasonto ayi-10 ukukhulelwa ngokuwuqinisa ungqimba lwesibeletho ngemithambo yegazi nezicubu ezisekelayo [5].

Nokho, uma ukuchamiseka kungenzeki ngalesi sikhathi, amazinga e-estrogen ne-progesterone aqala ukwehla ekupheleni kwesigaba se-luteal. I-estrogen ne-progesterone ephansi kukhuthaza ukuchitheka kongqimba lwesibeletho, futhi lokho kuphawula ukuqala komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini.

Isigaba se-luteal yisona sikhathi lapho abesifazane bebhekana nesifo sangaphambi kokuya esikhathini noma i-PMS [6]. Kuyinhlanganisela yezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu kwamabele nokulangazelela ukudla okwenzeka isonto noma amabili ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuya esikhathini.

Yini Ebanga Amajaqamba Esikhathi Sokuya Esikhathini?

Lapho ukukhulelwa kungenzeki esigabeni se-luteal somjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, isibeletho siqala ukuqumba ukuze sichithe ungqimba lwangaphakathi. Ama-prostaglandins ngamahomoni akhuthaza ukuqiniswa kwemisipha yesibeletho nokuchitheka kongqimba lwangaphakathi [7].

Lapho le miqulu nokuchitheka kwenzeka, abesifazane bazwa amajaqamba anamandla esiswini esingezansi, abizwa ngokuthi amajaqamba esikhathi sokuya esikhathini noma amajaqamba esikhathi. Amajaqamba esikhathi sokuya esikhathini ngokuvamile aqala usuku olulodwa noma amabili ngaphambi kokuba ukuya esikhathini kwaqale ngempela [8].

Izici Zamazaqamba Esikhathi Sokuya Esikhathini

Kunezimpawu ezithile ezijwayelekile zamajaqamba esikhathi sokuya esikhathini ezingangakusize ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwamajaqamba esikhathi sokuya esikhathini namajaqamba okukhulelwa ngokucace bhakuqala. Lezi yilezi:

• Indawo Yobuhlungu: Ngesikhathi samajaqamba esikhathini, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obubuhlungu, obushayayo esiswini esingezansi, emhlane ongezansi, nasemathangeni.
• Ubukhali: Ubukhali bobuhlungu buyahluka ngokuya ngezinto zomuntu ngamunye, njengezinga lamahomoni. Ezinye izifazane zibona ubuhlungu obuthambile kakhulu, kanti ezinye zithola amajaqamba esikhathini ebuhlungu kakhulu futhi engenakubekezeleleka.
• Isikhathi esithathwayo: Lawa majqabanga ngokuvamile aqala usuku olulodwa noma amabili ngaphambi kokuba kuqale isikhathi sokuya esikhathini, futhi amandla awo ehla njengoba isikhathi sokuya esikhathini siqhubeka [8].

Yini Ebanga Amajaqamba Okukhulelwa Kokuqala?

Amajaqamba okukhulelwa kokuqala kwenzeka njengoba umzimba uzivumelanisa nokukhulelwa. Esinye isizathu esikhulu ukutshalwa kombungu, okuba yisikhathi lapho iqanda elichumiswe linamathela khona odongeni lwesibeletho.

Ukuncanyelwa kweqanda elichumile esibelethweni kwenza isibeletho sinwebe ukuze samukele umbungu okhulayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuphumela ekubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi, okwenza ingxoxo phakathi kwezimpawu zokukhulelwa nezokwenza isikhathi ibeibaluleke kakhulu.

Izici Zobuhlungu Bokuqala Bokukhulelwa

Uma uyaqonda ukuthi ubuhlungu bokuqala bokukhulelwa buzizwa kanjani, ungakwazi ukwehlukanisa kalula phakathi kokuhlangabezana nokuhlela kokuya esikhathini noma ukukhulelwa. Nawa amanye amaqhinga nezici zobuhlungu bokuqala bokukhulelwa:

• Incazelo yobuhlungu: Ubuhlungu bokuqala bokukhulelwa buvame ukuzwakala njengokudonswa okuthambile, ukwelulwa, noma imizwa yokuluma kancane. Lokhu kwehluke ekubuhlungu okuphithizelayo kobuhlungu bokuya esikhathini.
• Isikhathi sokwenzeka: Lobu buhlungu buvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-6 kuya kwezi-12 ngemuva kokukhishwa kweqanda, kudale kudlule isikhathi esingakafiki. Ngokuphambene, ubuhlungu bokuya esikhathini buvela izinsuku ezi-2 ngaphambi kosuku olulindelekile lwesikhathi.
• Izimpawu Ezihambisana Nazo: Ezinye izifazane futhi ziba nokopha okuncane okukhanyayo kanye nobuhlungu, okubizwa ngokuthi ukopha kokufakelwa embilaphansi. Umbala walo maphakathi wokufakelwa umbala opinki okhanyayo noma onsundu, hhayi obomvu mnyama njengokopha kokuya esikhathini [9].

Umehluko Osemqoka Phakathi Kobuhlungu Bokuya Esikhathini Nobokuqala Bokukhulelwa

Umehluko olandelayo phakathi kobuhlungu bokuqala bokukhulelwa nobokuya esikhathini ungakusiza ukubona ukuthi umzimba wakho ukhomba ubuhlungu bokuya esikhathini noma ubuhlungu bokukhulelwa:

• Isikhathi nokuqala kobuhlungu: Ubuhlungu bokuya esikhathini noma ubuhlungu bamasonto okuqala bokuqala kuqala ngaphambi nje noma ngesikhathi kuqala ukuya esikhathini. Ngokwesilinganiso, abesifazane bezwa lobu buhlungu izinsuku ezi-2 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esilahlekile [8]. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuhlungu bokuqala bokukhulelwa buvela kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuthi kube nesikhathi esilahlekile.
• Uhlobo lobuhlungu: Ubuhlungu bokuya esikhathini buvame ukuba buhlungu kakhulu futhi buphimisela, bubangelwa ukuncipha okunamandla kwesibeletho. Ubuhlungu bokuqala bokukhulelwa imvamisa buba buthakathaka, futhi buzizwa njengokudonswa noma ukwelulwa.
• Isikhathi esithathwayo: Ubuhlungu bokuya esikhathini bungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa, kuyilapho ukuqubuka kobuhlungu bokuqala bokukhulelwa kuba yisikhathi esifushane futhi kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezingahleliwe. Lezi zimpawu zokuya esikhathini uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhulelwa zenza kube lula ukudweba umugqa ocacile phakathi kwezimpawu ze-PMS nezokukhulelwa.

Izimpawu Ezihambisana Nokuya Esikhathini uma Ziqhathaniswa Nezimpawu Zokukhulelwa

Ukuqaqanjelwa wuphawu olulodwa lokuqala lokukhulelwa noma lokuya esikhathini, futhi kukhona nezinye izimpawu ze-PMS uma ziqhathaniswa nezimpawu zokukhulelwa ezingasiza ukwehlukanisa kalula lezi zimo ezimbili.

Izimpawu Zokuya Esikhathini

Ubuhlungu bokuya esikhathini buvame ukuhambisana nezinye izimpawu eziningana eziqhubekayo futhi ezilindelekile njalo kumjikelezo ngamunye, okusiza ukwehlukanisa between ubuhlungu bokuqaqanjelwa ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini uma kuqhathaniswa nobuhlungu bokuqaqanjelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa [10]. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

• Ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa.
• Ukugaya kancane nokuvuvukala esiswini.
• Ubuhlungu nokuluma kwamabele.
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba (i-acne).

Izimpawu zokukhulelwa

Ukufakwa kweqanda elichumisekile esibelethweni, okungukukhulelwa ngamafuphi, nakho kubangela izimpawu ezihlukile, okubalwa kuzo:

• Ukuphuthelwa ukuya esikhathini.
• Isicanucanu noma isifo sakusasa (morning sickness).
• Ukukhathala.
• Izinguquko ebeleni, njengobuhlungu noma ukumnyama kwendawo ezungeze ingono.
• Ukuchama kaningi.

Ukulandelela leziizimpawu ze-PMS nezokukhulelwa zingasiza ukuhlukanisa izinhlungu ze-PMS nezinhlungu zokukhulelwa. Lezi zimpawu ezihambisana nazo zingakutshela ukuthi ngabe ukhulelwe noma izimpawu ze-PMS yizona ezibangela ukuthi uzizwe unezinhlungu zokubamba isisu.

Ufanele wenze nini uvivinyo lokukhulelwa?

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uyazizwayomayelana nezinhlungu ze-PMS nezokukhulelwa, kuwum umbono omuhle ukuthi wenze uvivinyo lokukhulelwa ekhaya. Ochwepheshe batusa ukwenza uvivinyo lokukhulelwa ukuze uhlukanise i-PMS nokuqala kokukhulelwa ngemuva kokuphuthelwa ukuya esikhathini [11].

Ukuzihlola ukukhulelwa ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi kungaholela emiphumeleni engeyona eyiyo ngoba umzimba uthatha isikhathi ukujwayela izinguquko zokukhulelwa. Izimpawu ezifana nokopha kokufakelwa kweqanda noma ukukhathala okuqhubekayo zingabuye zibonise ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola ukukhulelwa.

Imibono evamile engalungile ngezinhlungu zokuya esikhathini

MAbantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi zonke izinhlungu zokubamba isisu zizwakala okufanayo, kodwa umehluko phakathi kobuhlungu bokuya esikhathini nezinhlungu zokukhulelwa ungaba mkhulu. Ngenkathi izinhlungu zokuya esikhathini zivame ukuba nzima kakhulu, izinhlungu zokukhulelwa ziba buthaka futhi zihambisane nezinye izimpawu ezihlukile.

Uma udidekile ukuthi uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokukhulelwa noma zezikhathi, ukugcina ukulandela isikhathi, ubulukhuni, nezimpawu ezihambisana nakho kungakunikeza isithombe esicacile.

Nini okufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelashwa

Zombili izinhlungu zokuya esikhathini nezokukhulelwa ngokuvamile zivamile, kodwa akufanele uziyele izinhlungu ezinzima noma eziqhubekayo ngenkathinge-PMS noma ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. XoxaXhumana nodokotela mayelana ne-PMS noma izimpawu zokukhulelwa uma:

• Izinhlungu zokubamba isisu zibuhlungu kakhulu futhi ziphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
• Kukhona ukopha okukhulu noma ukwakheka kwamahlule.
• Uthola izimpawu ezingajwayelekile ezifana nomkhuhlane, isicanucanu, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu obugxilile endaweni eyodwa.

Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise izimo ezifana ne-endometriosis, ama-ovarian cysts, noma ukukhulelwa okungaphandle kwesibeletho, okudinga ukunakwa kodokotela.

Isiphetho

Kukhona umehluko phakathi kwezinhlungu zokuya esikhathini nezinhlungu zokukhulelwa, okunikeza ukudideka kwabesifazane abaningi. Izinhlungu zokuya esikhathini ngokuvamile ziba nzima futhi zihambisana nezimpawu ezilindelekile ezifana nokushintsha kwemizwa nokuvuvukala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinhlungu zokuqala zokukhulelwa zivame ukuba buthaka futhi zivele nezimpawu ezihlukile ezifana nokopha kokufakelwa kweqanda noma ukukhathala.

Ungahlukanisa izimpawu zokuya esikhathini nezokukhulelwa noma izinhlungu zokuya esikhathini nezinhlungu zokuqala zokukhulelwa ngokunaka eduze izimpawu ezihambisana nazo nesikhathi lapho lezi zimpawu zivele khona. Uma usasengabazekaUma usunokungabaza futhi ungenakukwazi ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokuqunjelwa kwesikhathi nokuqunjelwa kokukhulelwa, kumelwe ubone udokotela wakho ukuze athole ukunqunywa okunembile kwezimpawu zakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ukuqunjelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuzizwa njengokubuhlungu besikhathi?

Ukuqunjelwa kwesikhathi vs ukuqunjelwa kokukhulelwa kungazwakala kufana, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ukuqunjelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngokuvamile kuba buthakathaka futhi kuthathe isikhathi esifushane. Ngaphezu kokuqunjelwa, izimpawu ezifana nokuphuma igazi elincane noma ukukhathala zingasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimpawu zokukhulelwa nezesikhathi.

2. Izimpawu zokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokuphoswa kwesikhathi zikhombisani?

Ukuqunjelwa ngenxa yokukhulelwa nezinye izimpawu ezifana nokuphuma igazi elincane kungaqala kusenesikhathi esingaba izinsuku ezi-6 kuya kwezi-12 ngemva kokuvuthwa kweqanda. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokufakwa kwembryo, okwenzeka ngaphambi kokuthi uphutshwe isikhathi. Isikhathi sokwenzeka kwalokhu singakusiza uhlukanise phakathi kwezimpawu zesikhathi nokuqhathanisa izimpawu zokukhulelwa.

3. Ukuqunjelwa ngemva kokuvuthwa kweqanda kukhombisani?

Ukuvuthwa kweqanda uqobo kubangela ukuqunjelwa okuncane noma umuzwa wobuhlungu ema-ovari. Ukuqunjelwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuvuthwa kweqanda kungaba uphawu lokufakwa kweqanda elikhulelwe esibelethweni.

Imithombo esetshenzisiwe

1. I-Mittelschmerz - Izimpawu nezimbangela. (n.d.-b). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mittelschmerz/symptoms-causes/syc-20375122 
2. Dasharathy, S. S., Mumford, S. L., Pollack, A. Z., Perkins, N. J., Mattison, D. R., Wactawski-Wende, J., & Schisterman, E. F. (2012). Amaphethini Okopha Ngesikhathi Sokuya Esikhathini Kwabesifazane Abaya Esikhathini Ngokuvamile. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175(6), 536–545. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr356 
3. I-Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24638-follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh 
4. Holesh, J. E., Bass, A. N., & Lord, M. (2023j, May 1). I-Physiology, Ovulation. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441996/ 
5. Marquardt, R. M., Kim, T. H., Shin, J., & Jeong, J. (2019). Izimpawu ze-Progesterone ne-Estrogen ku-Endometrium: Kuyahamba Kuphi Okungalungile ku-Endometriosis? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(15), 3822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153822 
6. Gudipally, P. R., & Sharma, G. K. (2023, July 17). Isifo Sangaphambi Kokuya Esikhathini (Premenstrual Syndrome). StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560698/ 
7. Professional, C. C. M. (2024g, May 1). Ama-Prostaglandins. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24411-prostaglandins 
8. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.-a). Izinhlungu Zesikhathi. Ukububula Ngesikhathi Sokuya Esikhathini. | MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/periodpain.html 
9. Yini Ukopha Kokufakwa Kwembryo (Implantation Bleeding)? American Pregnancy Association. https://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-symptoms/what-is-implantation-bleeding/ 
10. Weon, H. W., & Son, H. K. (2023). Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimpawu Zokuhlela, Imibono Ngokuhlela, Ukucindezeleka Komzimba Nokwengqondo Ngokwezikhathi Ezihlukene Zomjikelezo Wokuya Esikhathini. Iranian Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i6.12958 
11. Professional, C. C. M. (2024s, September 9). Ukuhlolwa Kokukhulelwa. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/9703-pregnancy-tests