Isicanucanu Esiwenzeka Eduze Nesikhathi Sokuvuthwa Kweqanda: Izimbangela Namacebiso Okusinciphisa

Isicanucanu umuzwa ongakhululeki abesifazane abaningi abawuzwa ezigabeni ezahlukene zomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, kuhlanganise nangesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinguquko zamahomoni ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda yizona ezibangela isicanucanu noma isicanucanu sasekuseni.

Nakuba kungakhathaza, futhi kusebenza njengesikhombisi sokuvuthwa kweqanda futhi kukusize ukulibona. Ukuthola isikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda kubalulekile kwabesifazane abafuna ukukhulelwa ngoba ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda amathuba okukhulelwa aphezulu kakhulu [1].

Kulesi sihloko, sizocabangisisa ukuthi yini ebangela isicanucanu eduze nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda nezinye izimpawu zokuvuthwa kweqanda, futhi sibheke nokuthi yini enye engakwenza uzizwe unesicanucanu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda noma emjikelezweni wokuya esikhathini. Kulabo abahlangabezana nokuthi bazizwa benesicanucanu emavikini ama-3 bekhulelwe, sizophinde sibheke nezimbangela ezingase zibangele lokhu futhi sinikeze namacebiso awusizo okunciphisa isicanucanu.

Kuyini Ukuvuthwa Kweqanda?

Ukuvuthwa kweqanda yisigaba somjikelezo wokuya esikhathini lapho iqanda elivuthiwe likhishwa yi-ovary futhi selikulungele ukuchanyuselwa [2]. Lo msebenzi wenzeka cishe izinsuku eziyi-14 ngaphambi kokuqala kokuya esikhathini okulandelayo, kuye ngobude bomjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini.

Iqanda livuthwa ngaphakathi kwama-follicle akhona ngaphakathi emaqandeni (ovaries). La ma-follicle avuthwa ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kweqanda, bese ukukhuphuka okuzumayo kwe-luteinizing hormone (LH) kubangela ukudabuka kwe-follicle evuthiwe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda.

Ukudabuka kwe-follicle nokukhululwa kweqanda kuholela ezinguqukweni ezinkulu zamahomoni emzimbeni. Lapha, abesifazane abaningi bayabuza imibuzo efana nokuthi, ingabe ukuvuthwa kweqanda kungadala isicanucanu noma ukuthi ukuvuthwa kweqanda nokucanuzela kuhlobene kanjani. Impendulo ukuthi izinguquko zamahomoni yizona ezenza uzizwe unesicanucanu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda kanye nezinye izimpawu zokuvuthwa kweqanda [3].

Yini Ebanga Isicanucanu Ngemva Kokuvuthwa Kweqanda?

Ukuzizwa unesicanucanu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda kungadalwa izinguquko zamahomoni noma ukusabela ngokomzimba okwenzeka emzimbeni. Nansi imininingwane ngezimbangela ezingase zibangele isicanucanu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda:

1. Izinguquko Zamahomoni

Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda, kuba khona ukukhuphuka okuzumayo kwamazinga e-estrogen kanye ne-luteinizing hormone (LH). Le mivimbo yamahomoni ingathinta uhlelo lokugaya ukudla, okuholela esicanucaneni kweminye imikhiqizo yabesifazane. I-Estrogen inganciphisa ukuhamba kokudla esiswini, okungadala umuzwa wokucanuzela [4].

2. Ubuhlungu Besikhathi Sokukhishwa Kweqanda (Mittelschmerz)

Abaningi abesifazane bazwa ubuhlungu obuncane noma ubuhlungu obukhawulezayo ohlangothini olulodwa lwesisu esingezansi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda, okubizwa ngokuthi i-mittelschmerz. Lobu buhlungu bungacasula isisu buholele esicanucanini.

3. Izinto Eziqalisa Izinkinga Zesisu

Abesifazane abazwela kakhulu ezinguqukweni zamahomoni banethuba elikhulu lokuzwa isicanucanu njengoba ibhalansi yamahomoni ishintsha ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda. Kulezi zifazane, izinguquko zamahomoni ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda zingathinta amathumbu, okungenzeka kubangele ukuvuvukala esiswini, ukungagayeki kahle, noma isicanucanu [5].

Yiziphi Ezinye Izimpawu Zokukhishwa Kweqanda?

Isicanucanu singesinye nje sezimpawu eziningi ozizwayo ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda. Ezinye izimpawu zihlanganisa:

1. Izinguquko Kuketshezi Lwentamo Yesibeletho

Ngokuvamile, uketshezi olusuka entanyeni yesibeletho lujiyile ukuvimba ukungena kwezinto ezingezona ezomzimba, njengamabhaktheriya, esibelethweni. Kodwa-ke, cishe ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda, lolu ketshezi luba sobala, lweluleke futhi lushelele, lufane namaqanda amhlophe angakaphekwa. Lolu shintsho lusiza ukuthi isidoda sikwazi “ukuqhuma” nokubhukuda siye eqandeni.

2. Imijinqi Yokukhishwa Kweqanda

Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda, ezinye izifazane zizizwa zinamajaqamba noma ubuhlungu ohlangothini olulodwa lwesisu esingezansi. Lobu buhlungu buvela ekuqhekekeni kwefolikuli nasekukhipheni okuqukethwe yifolikuli ngaphakathi esidunjini. Uhlangothi olubuhlungu luyashintsha kuye ngokuthi yiliphi uhlangothi lwesidunjana elikhipha iqanda ngaleyo nyanga.

3. Ukukhula Kwesifiso Socansi

Ukukhula kwamandla nokwanda kwesifiso socansi nakho kuyizimpawu ezivamile zokukhishwa kweqanda. Lokhu kungesinye seziphawu zemvelo ezikhombisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ufuna ukukhulelwa ngoba uphakathi kwezinsuku zakho eziphezulu zokukwazi ukukhulelwa.

4. Ubuhlungu Nokuzwela Emabeleni

Izinguquko zamahomoni ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda (ovulation) zibuye zithinte izicubu zamabele. Ungase uzwe amabele akho ebuhlungu noma ezwelayo kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda. Enye into eshintsha emabeleni ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda wukumnyama kwendawo ezungeze ithiphu yebele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okungase kubonise izinguquko zamahomoni ezihlobene nokuzala.

5. Ukukhuphuka Kwezinga Lokushisa Lomzimba Eliyisisekelo

Izinga lakho lokuphumula lokushisa komzimba, elibizwa nangokuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliyisisekelo, liyakhuphuka kancane ngemva kokukhishwa kweqanda (ovulation). Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukwanda kwamazinga e-progesterone ngemva kokukhishwa kweqanda kubangela lokhu kunyuka kwezinga lokushisa [6].

Ezinye Izimbangela Zesicanucanu Ngesikhathi Somjikelezo Wokuya Esikhathini

I-ovulation akusona kuphela isikhathi ongase ube nesicanucanu ngaso phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Nazi ezinye izikhathi phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini lapho isicanucanu singavela khona:

1. I-Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

I-premenstrual syndrome igama elihlanganisayo lezimpawu ezahlukene ezihlangabezwana nazo iningi labesifazane ezinsukwini ezandulela ukuya esikhathini. Lezi zimpawu zingafaka isicanucanu, ukuvuvukala, ukukhathala, nokushintsha kwemizwa. Ukuguquguquka kwamahomoni, ikakhulukazi ukwehla kwe-estrogen ne-progesterone, yimbangela enkulu ye-premenstrual syndrome [7].

2. Ukuqunjelwa Ngesikhathi Sokuhamba Kwegazi Lesikhathi

Ngesikhathi uya esikhathini, isibeletho siyakha siqine ukuze sikhiphe ungqimba lwangaphakathi. Lokhu kuqina kwesibeletho kungakhathaza kakhulu kwezinye izifazane futhi kubangele izimpawu zokugaya ukudla ezifana nesicanucanu. Lezi zimpawu zokugaya ukudla zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abanezikhathi ezibuhlungu noma i-dysmenorrhea [8].

3. Ukungalingani Kwamahomoni

Ukungalingani kwe-estrogen noma i-progesterone kungaholela esicanucaneni ezigabeni ezahlukene zomjikelezo, ngaphezu kwe-ovulation nokuya esikhathini. Izimo ezifana ne-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid nazo zingafaka isandla ekushintsheni kwamahomoni futhi zidale isicanucanu.

Ingabe Isicanucanu Singaba Uphawu Lokukhulelwa?

Ungase ube nesicanucanu noma isicanucanu sasekuseni phakathi kwesonto noma amabili ngemuva kwe-ovulation, okungaba uphawu lokukhulelwa. Nansi indlela:

1. Ukufakelwa

Ukufakwa kwesidoda eselulwaneni leqanda kwenzeka esiteshini se-fallopian. Ngemva kokuchunyiswa, iqanda elichunyisiwe lehliselwa esibelethweni ukuze lifakwe odongeni. Lokhu kufakwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezi-14 ngemuva kwe-ovulation, futhi ungase uzwe isicanucanu ngalesi sikhathi. Ezinye izifazane ziba nokopha okuncane noma ukuqunjelwa ngalesi sikhathi, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukopha kokufakelwa [9].

2. Ushintsho Lwamahomoni Ekukhulelweni Kwangasekuqaleni

Uma ukukhulelwa kwenzeka, umzimba uqala ukukhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-human chorionic gonadotropin noma i-hCG, engadala isicanucanu [10]. Ezinye amahomoni angaholela esicanucaneni ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa i-estrogen ne-progesterone. Lesi sicanucanu sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isicanucanu sasekuseni kodwa singavela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Uma usola ukukhulelwa, i ihlolo lokukhulelwa lasekhaya ingakuqinisekisa kusenesikhathi njengosuku lokuqala lapho uphuthelwa khona ukuya esikhathini.

Ingabe Ukucindezeleka Kungadala Isicanucanu Ngesikhathi Se-ovulation?

Yebo, ukucindezeleka kungafaka isandla esicanucaneni ngaphambi kwe-ovulation, ngesikhathi se-ovulation, noma kwezinye izingxenye zomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Uma ucindezelekile, umzimba wakho ukhipha i-cortisol, engathinta ukugaya ukudla futhi yandise umuzwa wesicanucanu [11]. Ukucindezeleka kungaphazamisa ibhalansi yamahomoni, okungase kwandise ubunzima bezimpawu ze-ovulation njengobuhlungu bekhanda ngaphambi kwe-ovulation.

Ungayinciphisa Kanjani Isicanucanu Ngasikhathi Se-ovulation?

Uma isicanucanu eduze nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda siphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke, nansi eminye imihlahlandlela engakusiza uzizwe ungcono:

1. Hlala unemanzi emzimbeni: Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukunqongophala kwamanzi emzimbeni kungadala izimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu nokuhlanza [12]. Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kusekela uhlelo lokugaya ukudla futhi kukhuthaze ukuhamba kahle kwesisu, okunganciphisa izimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu.
2. Yidla ukudla okuncane, kaningi: Ukudla ukudla okuncane, kaningi phakathi nosuku kungavimbela isisu sakho ekubeni singenalutho kakhulu noma sigcwale kakhulu, kokubili okungasenza sibe sibi kakhulu isicanucanu.
3. Gwema ukudla okubangela izinkinga: Ukudla okunothe ngezinongo, amafutha noma ama-carbohydrate acutshunguliwe kungaholela ekuphathweni yisisu nezimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lokudla kungasiza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni impilo yokugaya ukudla nezimpawu ezihambisana nayo.
4. Zama itiye le-ginger: Gu-ginger unganceda ekwehliseni isicanucanu nezimpawu ezihambisanayo ngokusheshisa ukukhishwa kokudla esiswini. Ucwaningo luka-2016 lubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa u-ginger kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza ekuthuthukiseni isicanucanu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda nasekukhulelweni [13].
5. Imithi Ongayithenga Utshontshelwe Uma isicanucanu sijulile futhi eminye imithi noma izindlela ongazenzela zona zingakusebenzeli, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho mayelana nemithi ephephile yokunciphisa isicanucanu. Imithi kadokotela ibalulekile ikakhulukazi uma uthatha noma yiliphi ikhambi lesicanucanu ngesikhathi ukhulelwe.

Nini okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngesicanucanu?

Isicanucanu esenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile nezimpawu ezihambisanayo ngokuvamile kujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda nasekukhulelweni futhi akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka. Nokho, kufanele ucabangele ukuya kudokotela uma:

• Uma isicanucanu sijulile noma sihlala izinsuku eziningana.
• Uma uba nezinye izimpawu ezifana nokuhlanza, umkhuhlane, noma isiyezi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda.
• Uma usola isimo esiyisisekelo esifana nenkinga yamathumbu noma ukungalingani kwamahomoni.

Isiphetho

Isicanucanu eduze nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda siyinto evamile kwabesifazane abaningi. Izimbangela ezinkulu zesicanucanu ngalesi sikhathi zifaka phakathi ukuguquguquka kwamahomoni nezinguquko zomzimba. Kungase kungakhululeki, kodwa akuyona into okumele ukhathazeke ngayo. Kunalokho, kungakusiza uthole izinsuku zakho zokuvuthwa kwamaqanda futhi uhlele ukukhulelwa ngokufanele.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda akusona yiso sodwa isizathu sesicanucanu phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. I-PMS, ukukhulelwa, noma ingcindezi nakho kungabangela ukuthi ube nezimpawu ezihambisana nesicanucanu. Uma ungaqiniseki ngesizathu noma isicanucanu sijulile, sincoma ukuthi uthintane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso.

Imibuzo ejwayele ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda kukwenza uzizwe unesicanucanu?

Abesifazane abazama ukuqonda umjikelezo wabo wokuzala bavame ukuzithola bezibuza, ngabe ukuvuthwa kweqanda kubangela isicanucanu noma ukuzwa isiyezi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda kujwayelekile? Impendulo ithi yebo, ukuvuthwa kweqanda kungadala isicanucanu nezimpawu zokuzwa isiyezi ngenxa yezinguquko ezisheshayo zamahomoni.

2. Ukuzwa ugula ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda, ngabe ngikhulelwe?

Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngemva kokuhlaliswa kwembryo, futhi kwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-14 emva kokuvuthwa kweqanda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuzizwa ugula ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda akukufakazeli ukuthi ukhulelwe. Esikhundleni salokho, kungase kubonise ukuthi uhlushwa inkinga yezempilo esezingeni elingaphakathi.

Imithombo esetshenzisiwe

1. Su, H., Yi, Y., Wei, T., Chang, T., & Cheng, C. (2017). Ukutholwa kokuvuthwa kweqanda, ukubuyekezwa kwezindlela ezikhona njengamanje. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, 2(3), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.10058 
2. Holesh, J. E., Bass, A. N., & Lord, M. (2023m, May 1). IFizioloji, Ukuvuthwa kweqanda. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441996/ 
3. Owen, M. (2013c). Izimpawu zomzimba zokuvuthwa kweqanda nokuzala ezibonakala kalula ngabesifazane. The Linacre Quarterly, 80(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1179/0024363912z.0000000005 
4. Jiang, Y., Meerveld, B. G., Johnson, A. C., & Travagli, R. A. (2019). Indima ye-estrogen nengcindezi emgqeni oxhumanisa ubuchopho namathumbu. AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 317(2), G203–G209. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00144.2019 
5. Bernstein, M. T., Graff, L. A., Avery, L., Palatnick, C., Parnerowski, K., & Targownik, L. E. (2014). Izimpawu zohlelo lokugaya ukudla ngaphambi nangaphakathi nesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane abaphilile. BMC Women S Health, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-14 
6. Baker, F. C., Siboza, F., & Fuller, A. (2020). Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwabesifazane: Imiphumela yomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal, 7(3), 226. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1735927 
7. Isifo esihambisana nesikhathi sokuya esikhathini ngaphambi kokuqala (PMS) | Office on Women’s Health. (n.d.). OASH | Office on Women’s Health. https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome 
8. Joshi, T., Kural, M., Noor, N., Pandit, D., & Patil, A. (2015). Izici zesikhathi sokuya esikhathini nokuvamile kobuhlungu besikhathi sokuya esikhathini kwamantombazane aya ekolishi. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 4(3), 426. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.161345 
9. Professional, C. C. M. (2024t, August 9). Ukuphuma kwegazi ngesikhathi sokuhlaliswa kwembryo. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/24536-implantation-bleeding 
10. Nausea during pregnancy: A good thing? (n.d.-c). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/nausea-during-pregnancy/faq-20057917 
11. Di Lorenzo, C. (2022). Isicanucanu esisebenzayo siyiqiniso futhi sikugula. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.848659 
12. Shaheen, N. A., Alqahtani, A. A., Assiri, H., Alkhodair, R., & Hussein, M. A. (2018). Ulwazi lomphakathi ngokoma komzimba kanye nemikhuba yokuphuza uketshezi: umehluko ngokuya ngezici zababambiqhaza. BMC Public Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6252-5 
13. Lete, I., & Alluέ, J. (2016). Ukusebenza kahle kwejinja ekuvimbeleni isicanucanu nokuhlanza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangesikhathi se-chemotherapy. Integrative Medicine Insights, 11. https://doi.org/10.4137/imi.s36273