Ohulumeni abaningi bakhathazekile ngamazinga okuzala
Umbiko wakamuva weZizwe Ezihlangene mayelana nokuzala uqoqa ezinye izibalo ezithokozisayo ngokuzala emhlabeni jikelele. Ngamazwi alula – futhi akumangazi – uthola ukuthi amazwe athuthukile awazali ngezinga elidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izizukulwane ziyafakwa esikhundleni.
Lokhu okwenza le nkinga ibe nzima kakhulu, umqondo wokuzala okuphansi kungenzeka udluliselwe ezinganeni zethu ezincane, njengoba kwenzeke eChina ngenxa yenqubomgomo yengane eyodwa. Akumangazi ukuthi omunye umphumela obalulekile walombiko we-UN ukuthi sekukhona inani elikhula njalo lohulumeni abakhathazeka ngezinga lokuzala. Umbiko uthi:
Ukuzala kwehle emhlabeni jikelele kufinyelela emazingeni angakaze abonwe kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Inani eliphelele lokuzala lehle kuzo zonke izwe ezingama‑186 noma izifunda lapho idatha itholakala khona kuzo zonke izikhathi ezintathu ezicatshangelwe ocwaningweni, ngaphandle kweziyisithupha kuphela. Esikhathini sakamuva esimboziwe, amazwe noma izifunda ezingama‑80 zazinokuzala okuphelele okungaphansi kuka-2.1 wezingane kowesifazane oyedwa, okuwumkhawulo odingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufakwa esikhundleni kwezizukulwane kubantu abanezinga eliphansi lokufa.
Njengoba kungalindeleka, ukuzala kuphansi kakhulu – futhi ngendlela eshaqisayo – emazweni athuthukile:
Ngonyaka ka-2000-2011, bekungekho nalizwe lase-Europe noma eNyakatho Melika elalinokuzala okuphelele okungaphezu kuka-2.2 wezingane kowesifazane oyedwa futhi amane kuphela (iFrance, i-Iceland, i-Ireland ne-United States of America) ayenamazinga angaphezu kuka-2.0 wezingane kowesifazane oyedwa. Ukuzala okuphelele bekungaphansi kuka-1.4 wezingane kowesifazane oyedwa cishe engxenyeni yamazwe athuthukile. Amazinga okungabi nezingane nhlobo (okungukuthi, abesifazane abakhetha, noma abangakwazi, ukuba nezingane nhlobo) aphezulu kakhulu emazweni acebile, lawo umuntu angacabanga ukuthi angakwazi ukukhokhela ukukhulisa izingane. Izinga labesifazane abangakabi nezingane e-United States liphakathi kwezinga eliphezulu emhlabeni (19%), naphezu kokuthi iminyaka yobudala yokuqala yokubeletha imi ku-25 (emaphakathi). Kubonakala sengathi ukungabi nezingane sekuba ukukhetha kwempilo okuvamile. I-Singapore iphezulu kunawo wonke, ngezinga lokungabi nezingane elingu-23%, ilandelwa i-Austria, i-U.K., i-Finland, i-Bahrain, ne-Canada.
Phakathi kwezinye izici zamasiko, izifundo zibonisile ukuthi lapho abesifazane abaningi bengena emkhakheni wezisebenzi ezingeni eliphezulu, amazinga okungabi nezingane ayakhuphuka ngoba abanye besifazane bazizwa bengathola ukwaneliseka ngokomzwelo okukhulu ngokugcina imisebenzi yabo. Izindleko zokukhulisa umndeni nazo zinomthelela, kanjalo nokwamukeleka emphakathini kokungabi nezingane. Nokho, lombiko ucacisa kahle kakhulu ukuthi ubuzali bobuMama buyisinqumo esibalulekile futhi esihlonishwayo kakhulu, okumele umphakathi uqhubeke ukusisekela futhi abusise.
