Uphuthelwe ukuya esikhathini kodwa kukhona ukopha okuncane: yini umzimba wakho ongase ube ukuzama ukukutshela yona

Kwabesifazane abaningi, ukuphuthelwa ukuya esikhathini kuvame ukuba uphawu lokuqala olubenza bacabange ngokukhulelwa noma ezinye izici zempilo ezingase zibe yingcuphe. Nokho, lapho kuphuthelwa ukuya esikhathini kodwa kube nokopha okuncane, lokho kungadala ukudideka nokukhathazeka. Ukopha okuncane nesikhathi esilibazisekile kungavela ezizathwini eziningi, ezinye zazo ezingeyona inkinga enkulu kanti ezinye zingadinga ukunakwa kwezokwelashwa. Ukuqonda izizathu ezingaba khona zalezi zimpawu kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho.

Ukusho Kuthini Ukopha Okuncane?

Ukopha okuncane kubhekisela ekopheni okukhanyayo okwenzeka ngaphandle kwesikhathi sakho esijwayelekile sokuya esikhathini. Kuvame ukuba kuncane ngokugeleza nangombala kunokuhamba okuvamile kokuya esikhathini, kusukela ekuphuma okupinki kuye kokunsundu. Ukopha okuncane kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene, njengokushintsha kwamahomoni, i-ovulation, noma ukutshalwa kombungu ngesikhathi sokuqala sokukhulelwa. Ngokungafani nokuhamba okuvamile kokuya esikhathini, ukopha okuncane kuvame ukungad requiringa ukusebenzisa iphedi noma i-tampon futhi kuvame ukuba sekudlule masinyane.

Izizathu Ezingenzeka Zokuphuthelwa Ukuy’ Esikhathini Nokopha Okuncane

Uma uhlangabezana nokuphuthelwa ukuya esikhathini kodwa kube nokopha okuncane, kubalulekile ukubheka isimo sakho sempilo jikelele, indlela yakho yokuphila, nomlando wakho wezokwelashwa. Nawa amanye amazizathu avamile okungenzeka enzeka ngenxa yalokhu:

1. Ukukhulelwa Kokuqala Nokopha Kokutshalwa Kombungu

Enye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokopha okuncane kanye nokuphuzisa ukuya esikhathini ukukhulelwa kokuqala. Ukopha kokutshalwa kombungu kwenzeka lapho iqanda elichumile linamathela odongeni lwesibeletho, ngokuvamile cishe ngesikhathi lapho ixesha lakho belizobe selilindelekile khona. Lokhu kopha kuvame ukuba kuncane, kuhlala usuku olulodwa kuya kwezintathu, futhi kungahambisana nezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa ezifana nokukhathala, isicanucanu, nobuhlungu emabeleni [1].

Uma kusolwa ukukhulelwa, ukwenza ihlolo lokukhulelwa lasekhaya noma ukubonana nochwepheshe bezempilo kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi, ezinye izifazane zingadida ukopha okuncane noma ukopha okungajwayelekile nokuthi bayahamba esikhathini ngesikhathi bekhulelwe, okuyinto edinga ukunakwa nokuyiqonda ngokujulile.

2. Ukungalingani Kwamahomoni

Ukuhluka kwamahomoni, ikakhulukazi ahilela i-estrogen ne-progesterone, kungaphazamisa umjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini. Izimo ezifana nesifo se-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), izifo ze-thyroid, noma ukucindezeleka zingadala ukuthi uphutshwe ukuya esikhathini kodwa ube nokopha okuncane kunokugeleza okuphelele kokuya esikhathini. Izindlela zokuvikela inzalo ezisebenzisa amahomoni, njengamaphilisi noma amadivayisi afakwa esibelethweni (IUDs), nazo zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo, ikakhulukazi uma uqala noma uyeka ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela [2].

3. Ukucindezeleka Nezimfanelo Zendlela Yokuphila

Amazingela aphezulu engcindezi yomzimba noma eyengqondo angaphazamisa i-hypothalamus, ingxenye yobuchopho enesibopho sokulawula umjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini. Ngokufanayo, izinguquko ezinkulu esisindweni, ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile, noma ukudla okungesihle kungaphazamisa ibhalansi yamahomoni, kuholele emijikelezweni engajwayelekile nasekuphopheni okuncane esikhundleni sokuya esikhathini okuvamile. [3].

4. I-Perimenopause

Kwabesifazane abasebanga lama-40s noma ema-50s okuqala, ukopha okuncane nokubambezeleka kokuya esikhathini kungase kube uphawu lokuqala kwe-perimenopause—ukudlulela esikhathini sokuphela kokuya esikhathini (menopause). Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amazinga amahomoni ayashintshashintsha, okuvame ukuholela emijikelezweni engajwayelekile, ukopha okuncane, noma ukopha phakathi kwezikhathi.

5. Izifo Nezimo Zokwelashwa

Ezinye izifo, kuhlanganise nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs) noma izifo zomgudu womchamo (UTIs), zingadala ukopha okuncane futhi zibambezele isikhathi sakho. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izimo ezifana ne-endometriosis, ama-fibroid, noma i-pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) zingaholela kumaphethini wokopha angajwayelekile. Uma ukopha okuncane kuhambisana nobuhlungu, uketshezi olungajwayelekile, noma umkhuhlane, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelashwa ngokushesha.

6. Izinguquko Zakamuva Ohlelweni Lwakho

Ukuhamba, izinguquko kumaphethini okulala, noma ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lwakho olujwayelekile nakho kungathinta umjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini. Iwashi langaphakathi lomzimba, elithonywa izici ezifana nokulala nengcindezi, lidlala indima ekulawuleni ukuya esikhathini. Ngisho nezinguquko ezincane zendlela yokuphila ngezinye izikhathi zingaholela ekutheni uphuthelwe ukuya esikhathini kodwa kubonakale ukopha okuncane esikhundleni salokho.

Nini Okufanele Ufunisise Udokotela

Ngenkathi ukopha okuncane ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukubambezeleka kokuya esikhathini kuvame ukuba kungabi yingozi, kukhona izimo lapho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa kudingeka khona. Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela uma:

• Ukopha okuncane (spotting) kuqhubeka isikhathi eside noma kunzima kakhulu.
• Ihambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu, umkhuhlane, noma uketshezi olungajwayelekile.
• Usola ukuthi ungase ukhulelwe, kodwa kuvela izimpawu ezifana nokubandezeleka (cramping) noma ukopha kakhulu.
• Uthola izinyanga eziningana zemijikelezo engajwayelekile ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.

Uchwepheshe bezempilo angase ancome ukuhlolwa kwegazi, i-ultrasound, noma amanye amathuluzi okuxilonga ukuze kutholwe imbangela eyisisekelo futhi kuhanjiswe ukwelashwa okufanele.

Indlela Yokuphatha Ukopha Okungajwayelekile

Ukuphatha ukopha okungajwayelekile kuncike esizathwini sa khona. Nazi ezinye izindlela:

1. Landelela Umjikelezo Wakho: Ukugcina irekhodi lomjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini, kuhlanganise nokopha okuncane (spotting) nezinye izimpawu, kungasiza ukuthola amaphethini noma okungajwayelekile. Ama-app noma ikhalenda elilula kungaba amathuluzi awusizo ngenhloso le.
2. Yamukela Impilo Enempilo: Ukudla okulingene, ukuzivocavoca njalo, nemisebenzi yokwehlisa ingcindezi efana ne-yoga noma ukucamngca kungase kusekele ibhalansi yamahomoni futhi kuthuthukise ukujwayeleka kokuya esikhathini.
3. Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelashwa: Ezimweni eziqhubekayo, kungase kunconywe imithi yamahomoni efana namaphilisi okulawula ukuzala noma eminye imishanguzo ukuze kulawulwe umjikelezo wakho.
4. Hlala Unolwazi: Ukuqonda indlela umzimba wakho osebenza ngayo nokubona izimpawu zokopha okungajwayelekile kungakunikeza amandla okufuna ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi.

Ukuchaphazela Kancane Uma Kuqhathaniswa Nokuya Esikhathini: Umehluko Osemqoka

Kubalulekile ukwehlukanisa phakathi kokuchaphazela kancane (spotting) nokuya esikhathini okuvamile. Ukuchaphazela kancane kuvame ukuba lula, kufushane, futhi kungalandeli umjikelezo obikezelekayo wokuya esikhathini. Kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokushintsha kwesikhashana kwamahomoni noma ezinye izici, kanti ukuya esikhathini kumelwa ukuphuma koqwembe lwesibeletho lapho kungekho ukukhulelwa. Ukwazi lo mehluko kungakusiza ukuxhumana kangcono nodokotela wakho uma kukhona okukukhathazayo. [4].

Imicabango Yokugcina

Ukuba nesikhathi sokuya esikhathini esingafiki kodwa kube nokuchaphazela kancane kungadida futhi kwesabise kwesinye isikhathi. Nokho, ukuqonda izimbangela ezingaba khona nokulandelela izimpawu zakho kungakunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngezempilo yakho. Noma izimo eziningi zingenabungozi futhi ziphele zodwa, izimpawu eziqhubekayo noma ezikhathazayo zidinga ukunakwa kwezokwelashwa.

Ekugcineni, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini womzimba uyisistimu eyinkimbinkimbi ethinteka yizinto eziningi, kusukela ekucindezelekeni kuye ekushintsheni kwamahomoni. Ukuchaphazela kancane kanye nokubambezeleka kokuya esikhathini, yize kungajwayelekile, kuvame ukulawuleka ngokunakekelwa nokunakwa okufanele. Ngokulalela umzimba wakho nokufuna izithasiselo ezisekela ukukwazi kwakho ukuzala lapho kudingeka, ungagcina impilo yakho yokuzala isesimweni esikahle.

Imithombo

1. Hasan R, Baird DD, Herring AH, Olshan AF, Jonsson Funk ML, Hartmann KE. Amaphethini nezinto ezibikezelayo ukopha kwasesithweni sangasese sowesifazane ngekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Ann Epidemiol. 2010 uNtulikazi;20(7):524-31. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.02.006. PMID: 20538195; PMCID: PMC2884141.
2. Palomba S, Colombo C, Busnelli A, Caserta D, Vitale G. Isifo sama-ovary anama-cyst amaningi kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid: ukubuyekeza okubanzi, okuyindaba yolwazi olukhona. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 11 uNcwaba;14:1251866. doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1251866. PMID: 37635968; PMCID: PMC10453810.
3. Hagemann G, Ugur T, Schleussner E, Mentzel HJ, Fitzek C, Witte OW, Gaser C. Ushintsho ngosayizi wobuchopho phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. PLoS One. 2011 4 uNhlolanja;6(2):e14655. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014655. PMID: 21326603; PMCID: PMC3033889.
4. Dasharathy SS, Mumford SL, Pollack AZ, Perkins NJ, Mattison DR, Wactawski-Wende J, Schisterman EF. Amaphethini okuhamba kwegazi lokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane abaya esikhathini njalo. Am J Epidemiol. 2012 15 uNdasa;175(6):536-45. doi:10.1093/aje/kwr356. Epub 20 uNhlolanja 2012. PMID: 22350580; PMCID: PMC3299419.