Ukukhuphuka Kokungabi Nenzalo: Bangaki Abantu Abangenanzalo

Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke banezinkinga zokuzala futhi abakwazi ukukhulelwa. Ukwanda kokungazali kuyinkinga enkulu kubashadile abaphupha ukuqala umndeni.

Kodwa bangaki abantu abangazali emhlabeni jikelele? Ziyini izibalo zanamuhla zokungazali? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zingachaza usayizi walenkinga emhlabeni wonke.

Lesi sihloko sibheka izibalo eziphathelene nokwanda kokungazali emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sihloko sifaka nezimbangela zokungazali kanye nokwelashwa okungathuthukisa izinga lokuzala kwamadoda nabesifazane.

Yini Ukungazali?

World Health Organization (WHO) ichaza ukungazali njengokungakwazi ukukhulelwa ngisho nangemva konyaka wesocansi esijwayelekile ngaphandle kokuvikelwa [1].

Kokubili amadoda nabesifazane bangase babhekane nezinkinga zokungazali. Kwabesifazane, ukungazali kuvamise ukubangelwa izinkinga zesakhiwo sohlelo lokuzala noma ukungalingani kwamahomoni.

Ngokufanayo, izinkinga emadodeni ezibangela ukungazali zihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa okungesikho okunempilo kwesidoda, ukungalingani kwamahomoni, nezinkinga zesakhiwo sohlelo lokuzala.

Ukuxilongwa kahle kwezimbangela zokungazali kubalulekile ekwelashweni okusebenzayo. Khumbula ukuthi ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwezinkinga zokungazali kungathuthukisa amathuba okukhulelwa.

Izibalo Zomhlaba Wokungazali

Ngokuka WHO, cishe u-17.5% wabantu abadala emhlabeni wonke uhlangabezana nokungazali [2]. Enye inani lokulinganisa libonisa ukuthi cishe izithandani ezingu-48 million nabantu ngabanye abangu-186 million baphila nokungazali emhlabeni jikelele [3].

Imibiko kuphinde kubonise nokuthi amadoda abhekelela ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamacala okungazali kanti ingxenye eseleyo emibili kwezintathu ibangelwa abesifazane nezinye izimbangela ezingaziwa [4].

Ngokuka Ucwaningo Nokusebenza Kokuzala izibalo zokungazali 1 kwabashadile abangu-4 emazweni asathuthuka bahlaselwe izinkinga zokungazali [5].

Nokho, izinga lokungazali alifani kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ukungazali kuvamile kakhulu kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba kunezinye.

Izinto Ezithinta Ukungazali

Izinkinga zokungazali zingathinta kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Ezinye izinto eziyingozi zithinta ngqo impilo yokuzala futhi zingandisa ubungozi bokungazali.

Nazi ezinye zezimbangela ezivamile zokungazali kubantu besilisa nabesifazane:

1. Izinketho Zendlela Yokuphila

Indlela yokuphila enempilo inethonya elihle empilweni iyonke, futhi ithinta nokuzala. Ukudla okungesikho okunempilo, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, ukubhema, nokungabi nemisebenzi yomzimba kunganciphisa amathuba akho okuba nengane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwenza izinqumo zendlela yokuphila enempilo kunganciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bokungazali

2. Izimo Zempilo

Kubantu besilisa nabesifazane abaningi, izimo zezokwelapha yizona eziyimbangela enkulu yokungazali. Isibonelo, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi isifo se-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) sikhuphula ingozi yokungabi nabantwana kwabantu besifazane [6]. Esinye isibonelo izifo ezithathelwana ngokocansi, ezingabangela nezinkinga zokungabi nabantwana kokubili emadodeni nasebeshadini.

3. Izinto Zemvelo

Izinto ezahlukene zemvelo zingase futhi zithinte izinga lakho lokuzala. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi amakhemikhali, izinsimbi ezisindayo, nemisebe kungalilimaza amaseli esidoda namaqanda [7]. Uma unciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kulezi zinto ezinobuthi, ungakulindela ukwanda kwamathuba okuzala namathuba angcono okuba nomntwana.

4. Izinkinga Zesakhiwo

Izinkinga zesakhiwo zibhekisela ekuphazamisekeni kwesakhiwo ohlelweni lokuzala lwabesilisa nabesifazane. Isibonelo, ama-fibroids esibeletho nemibhobho ye-fallopian evalekile kungenza amathuba okukhulelwa abesifazane ehle. Ngokufanayo, izinkinga zesakhiwo emadodeni ezifana nokuvinjelwa kwemibhobho edlulisa isidoda zingaholela ekungabini nabantwana.

Ukwelashwa Kokungabi Nabantwana

Noma ngabe uthathwa njengongenakho ukuzala ngokuya ngencazelo ye-WHO yokungabi nabantwana, usengakwazi ukukhulelwa ngosizo lwezindlela ezahlukene zokwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kokungabi nabantwana kuhlanganisa:

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

I-IVF uhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokuzala obusekelayo (ART) olusiza imibhangqwana ukuthi ikhulelwe. Imibiko zibonisa ukuthi i-IVF iyasebenza ekusizeni imibhangqwana ukuba ibe nengane yabo abazalayo abayengakwazanga ukuyithola ngokocansi [8].

I-IVF ingasiza imibhangqwana engakwazi ukukhulelwa ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Imibhobho Ye-Fallopian Evalekile
• Izinkinga Zokuvuthwa Kwamaqanda
• Inani Eliphansi Lesidoda Kubesilisa
• Izimbangela Ezingenakuchazwa

Kweminye imishado, ukungabi nabantwana okungenasizathu esicacile kuhlala kuyinselelo, lapho kungatholakali imbangela ethile naphezu kokuhlolwa okuphelele.\_ Ku-IVF, odokotela bathatha iqanda kumlingani wesifazane nesidoda kumlingani wesilisa bese befundanisa iqanda esibhedlela. Iqanda elisuke lifundaniswe (embryo) libe selibekwa esibelethweni sowesifazane ukuze likhule.

Izithasiselo Zokuzala

Uma ungakwazi ukukhulelwa, imbangela ingaba yinto elula njengokuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali abalulekile. Umzimba wakho udinga la makhambi omsoco ukuze ube nempilo enhle yokuzala kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza amaqanda nesidoda esinempilo.

Ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo yindlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nokushoda kokudla okunomsoco nokusekela impilo yokuzala. Ungase futhi usebenzise izithasiselo zokukhulisa ukuzala ukuze ugcwalise izikhala ekudleni okulinganiselayo.

Izithasiselo zokukhulisa ukuzala zamadoda ukunikeza amavithamini, amaminerali, nama-amino acid ekukhiqizweni kwesidoda esinempilo. Izithasiselo zokuzala zabesifazane iphinde inikeze okudla okunomsoco okubalulekile okusekela impilo yomzimba wokuzala kowesifazane.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yini le ekhombiswa izinombolo zoku-1 kwabayi-8 noku-1 kwabayi-4 mayelana nokungabi nenzalo?

Lezi zibalo zikhombisa ukuthi ukungabi nenzalo kuvamile kangakanani ezifundeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Kwezinye izifunda, u-1 kwabashadikazi abayi-8 ubhekana nezinkinga zokuzala kuyilapho emazweni asathuthuka, isilinganiso singu-1 kwabayi-4.

2. Kubangaki abashadikazi abalwela ukungabi nenzalo?

Ukwalinganisa kukhombisa ukuthi cishe abashadikazi abayizigidi ezingama-48 emhlabeni wonke balwa nokungabi nenzalo. Lesi silinganiso siphezulu nakakhulu kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokudla okungeluhle nokukhetha indlela yokuphila okungelona.

3. Ingabe abesifazane abese betshadile iminyaka eyi-15 bengakwazi ukuzala bangakhulelwa?

Yebo, kungenzeka. Ngokwelashwa okufana ne-IVF, abesifazane abebengakwazi ukukhulelwa iminyaka bangase bakwazi ukukhulelwa.

Isiphetho

Ukungabi nenzalo noma ukungakwazi ukukhulelwa kuwukwesaba kwabaningi babashadikazi abahlela ukuqala umndeni. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ukuzala kuyinkinga emkhakheni omkhulu, abantu abayizigidi bebhekene nakho.

Ukungabi nenzalo yisimo esingalapheka kubantu abaningi, futhi nawe ungaba ngomunye wabo. Ngakho-ke, uma uzama ukukhulelwa, sincoma ukuthi ubone uchwepheshe ukuze ahlole isimo sakho ngokuningiliziwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi konke okudingayo ukuze ukhulelwe yizinguquko ekudleni nasekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke.

Imithombo Esetshenzisiwe

1. Ukungabi nenzalo. (2024, May 22). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infertility
2. 1 kubantu abayi-6 emhlabeni jikelele uthinteka ukungabi nenzalo: WHO. (2023, April 4). https://www.who.int/news/item/04-04-2023-1-in-6-people-globally-affected-by-infertility
3. Ishidi lemininingwane le-WHO mayelana nokungabi nenzalo linika ithemba ezigidini zabashadikazi abangakwazi ukuzala emhlabeni jikelele. PubMed Central (PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7863696/
4. Kuvamile kangakanani ukungabi nenzalo kwabesilisa, futhi yiziphi izimbangela zalo? (2021, November 18). https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo/infertility
5. Elhussein, O. G., Ahmed, M. A., Suliman, S. O., Yahya, I., & Adam, I. (2019). I-epidemiology yokungabi nenzalo nezici zabashadikazi abangakwazi ukuzala abafuna ukusizwa ngokuzalana esimeni esinensizakalo embalwa e-Afrika, eSudan. Fertility Research and Practice, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40738-019-0060-1
6. Melo, A. S., Ferriani, R. A., & Navarro, P. A. (2015). Ukwelashwa kokungabi nenzalo kwabesifazane abane-polycystic ovary syndrome: Indlela Yokusebenza Kwezokwelapha. Amakliniki, 70(11), 765-769. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2015(11)09 
7. Manouchehri, A., Shokri, S., Pirhadi, M., Karimi, M., Abbaszadeh, S., Mirzaei, G., & Bahmani, M. (2022). Imiphumela Yezinsimbi Ezisindayo Eziyingozi Uthini, Ikhadimiyamu, NeKhopha Ku-Epidemiology Yokungabi Nenzalo Kwabesilisa Nakwabesifazane. JBRA Ukuzalana Okusiziwayo, 26(4), 627-630. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9635604/#:~:text=Heavy%20metals%20lead,%20cadmium,%20and%20copper%20cause%20infertility%20in%20couples,or%20effects%20on%20the%20egg.
8. Amini, P., Ramezanali, F., Parchehbaf-Kashani, M., Maroufizadeh, S., Omani-Samani, R., & Ghaheri, A. (2021). Izinto Ehlotshaniswa Nemiphumela Yokuzala Ngokwenziwa (In Vitro Fertilization) Yokuzalwa Kwezingane Ezisaphila: Ukuqhathanisa Izindlela Ezahlukene Zokuhlela. Ijenali Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokuzala & Ukungabi Nenzalo, 15(2), 128-134. https://doi.org/10.22074/IJFS.2020.134582