Uhlaka Lomzimba Wesilisa: Umsebenzi Wamasende Nesikhumba Sezende

Ake sikhulume ngokwakheka komzimba wesilisa nokuthi kuthinta kanjani ukuzala. Siyazi ukuthi amabhola endoda—abizwa nangokuthi izende zesilisa—abaluleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuzala izingane. Kodwa lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani ngempela? Isikhwama sezende sisebenza kanjani kukho konke lokhu? Ukuqonda umzimba wesilisa nokuthi ingxenye ngayinye ifaka kanjani isandla ekuzaleni kubalulekile. Ake singene kokujulile.

Yini Izende?

Okokuqala, ziyini izende? Yizitho ezimbili ezimise okweqanda ezisemkhwameni wezende wesilisa ezikhiqiza isidoda. Uhlaka lomzimba wesilisa lwakhiwe kanje ukuze “imboni yesidoda” iqhubeke isebenza. Ngaphandle kwezimo ezifanele, lutho kwalokho olungasebenze [1]. Ngakho, izende yiziphi ngempela? Yiyona njini yokukhiqiza isidoda. Umdwebo wezende ubonisa ukuthi uhlaka lwezende zesilisa lwakhiwe kanjani ukuze lwenze umsebenzi walo ngokusebenza kahle.

Umsebenzi Wezende Nokuzala

Ake sikuhlukanise. Umsebenzi wezende uwukukhiqiza isidoda nokukhiqiza i-testosterone. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinto ezimbili,-ke, ukuzalana bekungeke kwenzeke [2]. Ngaphakathi kwezende zesilisa, izigidi zesidoda zikhiqizwa nsuku zonke. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi i-spermatogenesis. Umsebenzi wezende udlala indima enkulu ekulawuleni amazinga e-testosterone, okuyinto ebalulekile ekugcineni isilakabi socansi namandla omzimba. Ngakho-ke, izende zenza ini ngaphezu kokukhiqiza isidoda? Zilawula okuningi ukudlula esikucabangayo, njengokulinganisela kwamahomoni nempilo yonke yomzimba wesilisa. Yingakho ukuqonda ukuthi imiphi imisebenzi yezende kubalulekile kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuzala.

Umsebenzi Wesikhwama Sezende: Ukusigcina Sipholile

Lapha izinto ziya ziba mnandi. Umsebenzi wesikhwama sezende uwukulawula izinga lokushisa. Isikhwama sezende sowesilisa sisebenza njengohlelo lokupholisa lomoya olwemvelo lwezende. Isidoda sidinga indawo epholile kunengaphakathi lomzimba [3]. Uma umsebenzi wesikhwama sezende ubungasekho, izende zaziyofudumala ngokweqile futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yesidoda. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kubalulekile ekuzaleni. Umsebenzi wesikhwama sezende ugcina yonke into ilinganiselwe. Ngaphandle kwawo, ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda bekungeke kusebenze kahle kangako.

Umbono ochwepheshile: Gwema amachibi ashisayo namasauna uma uzama ukukhulelisa. Ukushisa ngokweqile kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezende.

Uhlaka Lwezende Zobulili Besilisa Nokukhiqizwa Kwesidoda

Isakhiwo samasende endoda sakhelwe ukwenza ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda kuhamba kahle. Umdwebo wamasende ubonisa ukuthi isidoda sikhiqizwa kanjani emashubhini amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-seminiferous tubules [4]. Kusuka lapho, isidoda sihamba eshubhini elisuka ku-epididymis liye ku-urethra, lapho ekugcineni siphuma emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokuchama kwesidoda (ejaculation). Isakhiwo samasende endoda siyamangalisa—konke kusebenzisana ukukhiqiza izigidigidi zesidoda nsuku zonke. Umdwebo wesakhiwo samasende uyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ubalulekile ukuze siqonde indlela isidoda esifika ngayo ukusuka ku-point A siye ku-point B.

Yini Imisebenzi Yamasende?

Uyazibuza ukuthi imiphi imisebenzi yamasende? Kulula—they akhiqiza isidoda ne-testosterone [5]. Lawa misebenzi emibili yenza umzimba wesilisa ngokwesakhiwo ukwazi ukuzala. Amasende anempilo asho isidoda esingcono namathuba angcono okukhulelwa. Isakhiwo somzimba womuntu wesilisa, ikakhulukazi izitho zokuzala, sakhelwe ukusekela lo msebenzi ophindwe kabili. Ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda, ibhalansi yama-hormone—konke kuhlobene. Ukugcina impilo yamasende akho kubalulekile ukuze uhlale unamandla okuzala.

Indima Yamabhola Amadoda Ekuzaleni

Manje, ake sikhulume kabanzi “ngamabhola” amadoda—amasende endoda akhiqiza isidoda ne-testosterone. Umsebenzi wamasende awugcini nje ngokukhiqiza isidoda. I-testosterone ibalulekile futhi ekugcineni imisipha, imizwa, nomsebenzi wezocansi [6]. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo samasende endoda sithinta okuningi kakhulu kunokukhulisa izingane nje kuphela. Umdwebo wamasende ubonisa indlela isidoda esisuka ngayo emasendeni, sidlule nge-vas deferens, ekugcineni siphume nge-urethra. Uhlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu uma lusebenza ngendlela efanele.

Indlela Isakhiwo Somzimba Wendoda Esithinta Ngayo Amandla Okuzala

Izitho zomzimba wendoda zakhelwe ukusekela ukuzala, kodwa izinto zingahamba kabi uma amasende noma isikhwama samasende kungasebenzi kahle [7]. Noma yiziphi izinkinga ngesakhiwo samasende endoda noma umsebenzi wesikhwama samasende zingathinta ikhwalithi nesibalo sesidoda. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo kubalulekile ukuze umzimba wakho wendoda uhlale usezingeni eliphezulu. Isakhiwo samasende kanye nohlelo lokuzala lonke kumele kusebenze ngokubambisana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isidoda asikona uketshezi lwesidoda olunamanzi kakhulu futhi silethwa ngendlela efanele.

Uhambo Lwesidoda

Lapho isidoda sesikhiqizwe emasendeni endoda, kufanele sihambe siye eshubhini elisuka ku-epididymis liye ku-urethra. Umdwebo wamasende uchaza indlela isidoda esihamba ngayo ngokusebenzisa i-vas deferens bese sixubana noketshezi lwesidoda ukuze kwakheke i-semen [8]. Lonke le nqubo isekelwa wusebenza kahle kwesikhwama samasende kanye namasende asebenzayo. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ohlelweni, amandla okuzala angancipha. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina konke kusebenza kahle.

Icebiso eliwusizo: Ukuhlolwa njalo nokulandelela amazinga e-testosterone kungasiza ukubona izinkinga zokungazali zisasekuqaleni.

Okubalulekile

Ukuhlanganisa, i-anatomy yomzimba wesilisa idlala indima enkulu ekuzaleni, ikakhulukazi isikhwama samesende samadoda namasende amadoda [9]. Lezi zitho zomzimba zinemisebenzi yokukhiqiza isidoda ne-testosterone, kanti umsebenzi wesikhwama samesende ugcina konke kusezingeni lokushisa elifanele. Ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini amasende nokuthi i-anatomy yamasende esilisa isebenza kanjani kungasiza amadoda azinakekele kangcono inhlokodolobha yawo yokuzala. Ukugcina umsebenzi wamasende nomsebenzi wesikhwama samesende usebenza kahle kubalulekile ekwandiseni amathuba okukhulelwa ngokwemvelo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo

Iyini indima yamasende ekuzaleni?

Amasende akhiqiza isidoda ne-testosterone, okuyizinto zombili ezibalulekile ekuzalini kahle.

Isikhwama samesende silawula kanjani izinga lokushisa?

Umsebenzi wesikhwama samesende uvumela ukuthi siqine noma siphumule ukuze sigcine amasende ebandayo, okudingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe isidoda.

Kwenzekani uma umsebenzi wamasende wehliswa noma ulinyazwa?

Uma amasende engakwazi ukukhiqiza isidoda esanele noma i-testosterone eyanele, kungaholela ezinkingeni zokungazali.

Umdwebo wamasende ukhombisani?

Umdwebo wamasende ukhombisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi samasende nokuthi isidoda sihamba kanjani ohlelweni lokuzala.

Ingabe amasende ayizitho zomzimba?

Yebo, amasende ayizitho zomzimba? Ayizitho zokuzala ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni isidoda nasekulawuleni amahomoni.

Izikhombo

1. Gurung P, Yetiskul E, Jialal I. I-Physiology, Uhlelo Lokuzala Lwesilisa. StatPearls Kutholakala ku: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538429/
2. de Kretser DM. I-Endocrinology yokungazali kowesilisa. Br Med Bull. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/387166/
3. Hamilton TR, Mendes CM, de Castro LS, de Assis PM, Siqueira AF, Delgado Jde C, Goissis MD, Muiño-Blanco T, Cebrián-Pérez JÁ, Nichi M, Visintin JA, Assumpção ME. Ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela eqhubekayo yokucindezeleka ukushisa kuphrofayela yesidoda nesimo sokuvuvukala kwe-oxidative kwe-semen yebhokwe nesidoda se-epididymal. Oxid Med Cell Longev. Kutholakala ku: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737001/
4. Schlegel PN. Ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda somuntu: Imibono etholakala ekunakekelweni kwezokwelashwa kwamadoda anenkinga yokungazali. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). Kutholakala ku: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9159388/
5. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Uhlelo lwesine. New York: Garland Science; 2002. Isidoda. Kutholakala ku: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26914/
6. Irvine S, Cawood E, Richardson D, MacDonald E, Aitken J. Ubufakazi bokuba sekwehlile ikhwalithi ye-semen e-United Kingdom: ucwaningo lweqembu labazalwe kubantu abangama-577 amadoda aseScotland phakathi neminyaka eyi-11. BMJ. Kutholakala ku: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2349950/
7. Rehman S, Usman Z, Rehman S, AlDraihem M, Rehman N, Rehman I, Ahmad G. Izinto eziphazamisa amahomoni (endocrine disrupting chemicals) nomthelela kuhlelo lokuzala lwesilisa. Transl Androl Urol. Kutholakala ku: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6043754/
8. Kavoussi PK, Abdullah N, Gilkey MS, Hunn C, Machen GL, Chen SH, Kavoussi KM, Esqueda A, Wininger JD, Kavoussi SK. Umthelela wokuncipha kosende ohlangothini olufanayo ekwazini kwe-man semen nasekusabeleni kwezinhlayiya ze-DNA yesidoda ekulungisweni kwe-varicocele. Asian J Androl. Kutholakala ku: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7991813/
9. Schlegel PN. Ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda somuntu: Imibono etholakala ekunakekelweni kwezokwelashwa kwamadoda anenkinga yokungazali. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). Kutholakala ku: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9159388/