Incazelo Yokukhulelwa Ekukhulelweni: Ukuqonda Inqubo Yokukhulelwa Nendima Yayo
Esikhathini sokukhulelwa, umqondo wokuthi “ukukhulelwa kuqala” uyisisekelo, uphawula indawo yokuqala yokuphila okusha nokuqala kohambo oluyisimanga kubazali abalindele. Kunoma ubani ohamba ezigabeni zokuqala zokuhlela umndeni, ukuqonda incazelo ephelele yokuthi kusho ukuthini ukukhulelwa ekukhulelweni namanye amagama ahlobene kubalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizohlolisisa ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukukhulelwa, kwenzeka kanjani, nokuthi kungani ukuqonda lesi sikhathi kubalulekile kulabo abafuna ukwandisa imindeni yabo.
Isinyathelo Sokuqala Sokuya Ekukhulelweni
Ukuze sichaze ukukhulelwa kuqala, siqala ngezinto eziyisisekelo ze-biology. Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka uma isidoda siphumelela ukuchumisa iqanda, okuletha ekwakhekeni kwe-zygote. Le zygote iqukethe izakhi zofuzo zabazali bobabili futhi imele isigaba sokuqala kakhulu se-embryo ekhulayo. Lolu hlanganiso liyisiqalo esibalulekile sokukhulelwa, lubeka isisekelo sohambo lapho i-embryo izohamba khona izoya ifakele esibelethweni.
Kodwa kusho ukuthini ukukhulelwa kumongo obanzi? Ngamafuphi, ukukhulelwa kusho impumelelo yokuqala yokuchumisa, umcimbi ovusa uchungechunge lwezinqubo zebhayoloji ezibalulekile ukuze ukukhulelwa kuqhubeke. Kuyisinyathelo esiyisisekelo esivula umnyango kukho konke okulandelayo ekuthuthukeni komntwana esesiswini (prenatal development).
Kuyini Ukukhulelwa Futhi Kwenzeka Kanjani?
Kuyini ukukhulelwa kumongo wokukhulelwa? Kuyinqubo yokuhlangana kweqanda nesidoda, okuhunyushwa uchungechunge lwezehlakalo ohlelweni lokuzala lwesifazane. Ngemva kokuvuthwa kweqanda (ovulation), iqanda lihlala likwazi ukuchumiswa cishe amahora angama-24. Isidoda, esingeniswa ngokocansi, singahlala ohlelweni lokuzala kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezinhlanu. Uma isikhathi sihambisana, iqanda nesidoda kuhlangana emgodleni we-fallopian, lapho kwenzeka khona ukuchumisa [1].
Ngemva kwalokhu, iqanda elichumiswe, noma i-zygote, liqala uhambo lalo luye esibelethweni, lapho lingafakelwa khona futhi liqale ukuguquka libe yi-embryo. Lolu chungechunge lwezehlakalo lubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukukuqonda kahle (to conceive) ngaphakathi komongo obanzi wokukhulelwa.
Incazelo Yosuku Lokukhulelwa: Ukhiye Wokulandelela Ukuqhubeka Kokukhulelwa
Incazelo yosuku lokukhulelwa ibalulekile ekuzuzeni ukuqonda ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lolu suku lubalwa njengosuku lapho isidoda neqanda kuhlangana khona, kuqalise ukuthuthukiswa kokuphila okusha. Noma umunxa wesikhathi uqobo ungaba nzima ukuwunquma, odokotela bavame ukululinganisa ngokusekelwe esikhathini sokuvuthwa kweqanda. Ukwazi usuku lokukhulelwa kuvumela abahlinzeki bezempilo ukubala iminyaka yokukhulelwa (gestational age) nosuku okulindeleke ngalo ukuzalwa ngokunembile kakhulu.
Incazelo Yokukhulelwa: Okungaphezulu Kwebhayoloji Kuphela
Incazelo yokukhulelwa idlula ukuchumisa nje kuphela. Ngokwengqondo nangokomfanekiso, imele ithemba, injabulo, nokulangazelela okuhambisana nokuletha ukuphila okusha emhlabeni. Ukukhulelwa kuvame ukuba yisigaba esigcinwe ngenhlonipho emindenini, okuphawula ushintsho lokusuka ekuzihleleleni ukuya ekubeni yinto eyenzeka ngempela.
Le ncazelo ebanzi yokukhulelwa iqopha ushintsho lomzimba nolwengqondo oluhamba nokuqala kokukhulelwa, igqamisa inhlanganisela enamandla yesayensi nencazelo ejulile kule nqubo [2].
Kusho Ukuthini Ukukhulelwa Ngokomkhuba?
Kusho ukuthini ukukhulelwa (to conceive) ngokomkhuba? Ukukhulelwa kusho ukuthi umzimba uphumelele ukulekelela ukuchumisa futhi usulungiselela ukunakekela ingane ekhulayo. Kubashadile abazama ukukhulelwa, ukuqonda isikhathi nezinto ezibandakanyekayo kungabasiza kakhulu ekuhleleni umndeni.
Incazelo yokukhulelwa igcizelela ubunzima nobuhle bale nqubo. Uma umuntu ebabuza ethi, kuyini ukukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukubona ukuvumelana kwezinto zebhayoloji okudingekayo ukuze kwenzeke ukuchumisa, kodwa futhi nokulungela ngokomzwelo okukhona kubashadile abaningi ababheke ngabomvu ukuba ngabazali.
Ukukhulelwa Kwehluke Kanjani EkuFakelweni (Implantation)?
Umbuzo ovamile uma kukhulunywa ngencazelo yokukhulelwa uthi yini umehluko phakathi kokukhulelwa nokufakela. Ngenkathi ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuchumisa, ukufakelwa kwenzeka lapho i-zygote, eseyiyi-blastocyst, izinamathisela esibayeni sangaphakathi sesibeletho (uterine lining). Abanye abashadile abazama ukukhulelwa bangase bacabange ukusebenzisa izithasiselo zokukhulisa imbewu (fertility supplements) ukuze basekele impilo yokuzala futhi bandise amathuba abo okukhulelwa. Leli nyathelo lesibili libalulekile ekusunguleni ukukhulelwa okuyimpumelelo, ngoba livumela i-embryo ukuthi ithole ukudla okunothile komzimba kamama.
Kungani Ukukhulelwa Kubalulekile Empilweni Yokukhulelwa
Ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukukhulelwa kuyasiza ekulandeleleni izigaba zokukhulelwa nasekuqinisekiseni ukuphathwa kahle kwezempilo. Lesi sigaba sokuqala sidlala indima ekubekeni isisekelo sempilo yengane esesiswini, futhi ukwazi ukuthi senzeke nini kungasiza abazali abazolayo bakwazi ukulindela izigaba zokukhulelwa kanye nokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha (prenatal care) okudingekayo. Nalabo abasebenzisa amaphilisi okulawula inzalo, ukubona izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa lapho kusetshenziswa amaphilisi okulawula inzalo kubalulekile, ngoba ukukhulelwa kungenzeka naphezu kwezindlela zokuvikela.
Isibonelo, kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ama-vitamin okukhulelwa (prenatal vitamins) abaabalulekile, eseka impilo kamama kanye nentuthuko yengane esesiswini. Kusho ukuthini ukukhulelwa kulo mongo? Kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ochungechungeni olude lokunakekelwa, ukudla, nokuzikhethela kwendlela yokuphila okuzothinta inhlalakahle yengane ngesikhathi sonke sokukhulelwa.
Ukukhulelwa Nencazelo Yomzwelo
Ukwenzeka kokukhulelwa kungaba nesisindo esikhulu ngokomzwelo, ikakhulukazi kulabo abake babhekana nezinselelo ohambweni lwabo lokuya ekubeni abazali. Kubashadile abahamba ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-in vitro fertilization (IVF), ukukhulelwa kuthola incazelo enkulu nakakhulu, kumela ithemba nokwenzeka kokuqala okusha.
Ngale ndlela, incazelo yokukhulelwa iba yinto yomuntu siqu nenencazelo enkulu, ihambisana nokuxubana kwenjabulo, ukukhathazeka, nenjabulo njengoba abazali abazolayo beqala uhambo lwabo.
Chaza Ukukhulelwa Kumongo Womuntu Siqu Nenkambiso Yomphakathi
Igama elithi chaza ukukhulelwa (define conceive) lidlulela ngaphesheya kwe-biology uma sibheka izincazelo zomphakathi nezezomuntu. Ngokomphakathi, ukukhulelwa kuphawula ukuqala kobuzali, ushintsho oletha imithwalo emisha, injabulo, nezinto ozohlangenwe nazo. Incazelo yokukhulelwa ekukhulelweni ixhunywe emigomweni nasezifisweni, njengoba imele ukutshalwa kwemali emndenini nasekusasa.
Kwabanye, ukukhulelwa kuyisikhathi esingcwelisiwe nesigujwayo esihambisana namasiko noma izinkolelo zenkolo, okwenza incazelo yokukhulelwa ibe ncebile kakhulu ngaphezu kwesayensi kuphela.
Isiphetho: Umthelela Wokukhulelwa Ekukhulelweni Nakwedlula Khona
Umqondo wokukhulelwa, njengoba uhlolwe kulesi sihloko, uchaza izici zezokwelapha, ezomzwelo, nezenhlalo zokukhulelwa. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuchaza ukukhulelwa (define conception) kuya ekuqondeni incazelo yosuku lokukhulelwa, ingxenye ngayinye yalesi sigaba sokuqala sokukhulelwa ibalulekile ohambweni olulandelayo.
Ngenkathi incazelo yokukhulelwa (concieve definition) ibamba uhlangothi lobuchwepheshe lokuchumisa, incazelo yomuntu siqu yokukhulelwa iletha ungqimba lokujula nenhloso kule nqubo eyisimangaliso. Noma ngabe umuntu uqonda ukuthi kuyini ukukhulelwa noma ecabangisisa ngokuthi kusho ukuthini ukukhulelwa, ukukhulelwa kuphawula ukuqala kohambo oluguqula ukuphila kwabantu nemindeni. Ngokuthakasela umbono ogcwele wencazelo yokukhulelwa ekukhulelweni, sithola ukuqonda ngohambo olujulile kusukela ekukhulelweni kuze kube sekuzalweni.
Imithombo
- Richard E. Jones, Kristin H. Lopez. ISahluko Sesishiyagalolunye - Ukukhulelwa. Umhleli(s): Richard E. Jones, Kristin H. Lopez. Human Reproductive Biology (Third Edition). Academic Press. [2006]. Amakhasi 253-296. ISBN 9780120884650, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-050836-8.50014-7
- Xiaobin Wang, Changzhong Chen, Lihua Wang, Dafang Chen, Wenwei Guang, Jonathan French. Ukukhulelwa, ukulahleka kokukhulelwa kusenesikhathi, nesikhathi sokufinyelela ekukhulelweni okuqinisekisiwe: ucwaningo lokubheka phambili olususelwe emphakathini. Fertility and Sterility. Umqulu 79, Inombolo 3. [2003]. Amakhasi 577-584. ISSN 0015-0282. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04694-0
