Amasidoda amakhulu awahlali ewinayo umjaho
Nxa abesifazane bezalana namadoda amaningi, isidoda somunye nomunye kufanele sincintisane ukuze sifinyelele emaqandeni akhe. Kuze kube manje, abacwaningi bebecabanga ukuthi isidoda esishesha kakhulu yiso esizoba namandla. Kodwa ocwaningweni olusha, olushicilelwe ku-Evolution, ithimba lososayensi lithole ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukwedlula lokho.
'Uma uqhathanisa izinhlobo ezinancintiswano encane ye-isidoda, njengabantu, nezinhlobo ezinencintiswano enkulu yesidoda, njenge-Bonobos, khona-ke ama-bonobos avame ukuba nesisidoda esishesha, esikhulu,' kusho uDkt John Fitzpatrick wase-University of Manchester, ongumbhali ohola lolu cwaningo. 'Kodwa uma ubheka ngaphakathi ohlotsheni olulodwa, ngokuvamile awuboni lobu budlelwano bokuthi isidoda esikhulu sishesha.' Esikhundleni salokho, ithimba lithole ukuthi isidoda esikhulu – esinomsila omude, obizwa nge-flagellum – besiyishesha kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezikhululela ngaphandle, njengezinhlanzi noma ama-mussels. Ezilwaneni ezichumelana ngaphakathi, njenge-emu, isidoda esikhulu sivame ukuba yiso esihamba kancane.
Ukuze bahlaziye ukuthi isidoda sishesha kangakanani kuye ngosayizi waso, abacwaningi bathathe amarekhodi evidiyo wesidoda sibhukuda base besihlukanisa isithombe ngesithombe besebenzisa amakhamera ashesha kakhulu. Bese bekhipha la mafreyimu bewahlukanisa abe uchungechunge lwezithombe ezimile ababefaka kuhlelo lwekhompyutha ukuze bagxile kusidoda esisodwa ngesikhathi. Base besebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwesidoda okusizwa yikhompyutha – isoftware esetshenziswa nasezikhungweni zomtholampilo wokuchumisa abantu ngokufakelwa – ukuze bahlolisise ikhwalithi yesidoda. 'Kwisidoda esinomnsila omude (flagellum) kuba namandla amaningi okuphusha ukuze isidoda sihambe phambili, futhi lapho sithole imiphumela ecacile. Ikhanda elifushane nomsila omkhulu kusho ukuthi uyabhukuda ngokushesha uma uyuhlobo oluchumisela ngaphandle, kodwa uma unekhanda elikhulu nomsila omncane kubonakale sengathi ubhukuda ngokushesha uma uchumisela ngaphakathi,' kusho uFitzpatrick.
Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi isizathu sokuthi isidoda esikhulu sibhukude kancane kwezinye izinhlobo ezichumisela ngaphakathi ukuthi kungenzeka sisebenzisa isu elihlukile lokunyakaza kancane kodwa sibhukude isikhathi eside. 'Ezinhlotsheni ezichumisela ngaphandle kudingeka usheshe ngoba isidoda asihlali isikhathi eside ngaphandle komzimba, ngakho kufanele sifinyelele eqandeni ngokushesha, kuyilapho ezilwaneni ezichumisela ngaphakathi isidoda singahlala isikhathi eside. Sicabanga ukuthi ukuhamba kancane kuyindlela yesidoda yokuzama ukonga amandla nokuzithathela isikhathi ukuze sifinyelele iqanda,' kuchaza uFitzpatrick. 'Lokhu kungenzeka kubonise ukuthi ukhetho (selection) lusebenza kanjani ngendlela ehlukene ekwakheni isidoda esiphumelelayo ezinhlotsheni ezichumisela ngaphakathi kuqhathaniswa nezochumisela ngaphandle.'
