Kungani Ngikhishwa Iqanda Kaningi Kangaka: Ukuqonda Ukubonakala Kokukhishwa Kweqanda Okuvame Kakhulu
Umjikelezo wokuzala kowesifazane uyinqubo elungiswe kahle egxile ekutheni kuvele nini ukuqhakaza kweqanda—ukukhishwa kweqanda elivuthiwe kwelinye lama-ovary. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka kanye kuphela kumjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, cishe maphakathi nalowo mjikelezo. Nokho, abanye abantu bayazithola sebeziyibuza, kungani ngiqhakaza kangaka, noma ukuthi mhlawumbe baqhakaza kaningi kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungase kuvele ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuqaphela kakhulu izimpawu zomzimba, ukuguquka kwamazinga amahomoni, noma izimpawu zomzimba ezingaxutshaniswa kalula nesikhathi sangempela sokuqhakaza kweqanda. Lokhu kuvame ukuba umthombo wokubaza nokukhathazeka, ngoba umuntu angahlanganisa ukuqhakaza okuningana nezinkinga zokukhulelwa, imijikelezo engajwayelekile, noma ezinye izimo zempilo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuhlolwe kahle ukuthi empeleni uyathola yini ukuqhakaza kweqanda izikhathi eziningi noma umane uzizwa nje kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuhlola izinqubo zebhayoloji eziyisisekelo, izimbangela ezingaba khona, kanye nendlela yokuchaza izimpawu ezivamile, njengokwanda okubonakalayo kokuphuma okuketshezi emlonyeni wesibeletho.
Inqubo Yokuchuma Komzimba Nezikhathi Zayo Ezivamile
Ukuqhakaza kweqanda kulawulwa wukushintshana kwamahomoni ngomjikelezo. Ekuqaleni komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, i-pituitary gland ikhipha i-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ekhuthaza ama-follicle kuma-ovary ukuba athuthuke. Ngokuvamile i-follicle eyodwa iba yinqala, ikhulise iqanda elivuthiwe. Cishe maphakathi nomjikelezo—imvamisa usuku lwe-14 kumjikelezo wosuku olungama-28 osencwadini kodwa ehluka kakhulu kubantu—ukwenyuka kwe-luteinizing hormone (LH) kubangela ukuqhakaza kweqanda. Ngemva kokuba iqanda likhishiwe, i-follicle esele iguquka ibe i-corpus luteum, ekhiqiza i-progesterone ukuze ilungiselele ulwelwesi lwesibeletho ukuze kungenzeka kufakelwe umbungu. Uma kungekho ukuxubana kweqanda nesidoda, amazinga amahomoni ehla, kuholele ekuphumeni kokuya esikhathini nasekuqaliseni omusha umjikelezo [1].
Empeleni, ukuqhakaza kweqanda izikhathi eziningi kumjikelezo owodwa, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-hyperovulation, kuvamile kancane. Ezinye izifundo zisho ukuthi kungase kwenzeke kwezinye izimo, okuholela kumawele angafani uma womabili amaqanda akhishiwe echanyushelwa. Nokho, abaningi abakholwa ukuthi baqhakaza kaningi kunokujwayelekile bangase babe bebonakala nje bekwazi kangcono izimpawu zomzimba abawakhayo. Isibonelo, imizwa efana nokubababa esiswini esingezansi noma ukushintsha kokuphuma okuketshezi kungavela ngezikhathi ezahlukene kumjikelezo ngamunye noma kwande ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile [2]. Abanye abantu bangase babe nesifo bobuhlungu bokuqhakaza kweqanda ohlangothini zombili phakathi nomjikelezo wabo, okungenza kubonakale sengathi kunokuqhakaza okuningana, kanti empeleni kuvame ukuba impendulo evamile yomsebenzi wama-ovary hhayi ukukhishwa kwamaqanda ahlukene.
Izizathu Ezingaba Khona Zokuzizwa Uqhakaza Kaningi
Isizathu esivamile sokuthi kungani umuntu engase azizwe sengathi uqhakaza izikhathi eziningi ukuthi usuziqaphela kangcono. Abantu abafuna ukukhulelwa noma ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa bavame ukulandelela izinga lokushisa komzimba ekuseni (basal body temperature), izinguquko kumafinyila omlomo wesibeletho, futhi basebenzise amakhithi okuhlela ukuqhakaza kweqanda. Ukugxila kakhulu kule mibono kungadala umbono wokuthi kunezikhathi eziningi zokuba nenzalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingcindezi noma izinguquko endleleni yokuphila zingenza izimpawu zomzimba zibonakale kakhulu. Uhlelo olusha lokuzivocavoca lungaletha imizwa yokuhlaba endaweni yesisu esiphansi, okungaxutshaniswa nobuhlungu bokuqhakaza kweqanda okungeziwe [3].
Amazinga amahomoni ashintshashintshayo nawo anegalelo. Uma i-estrogen inyuka kakhulu, kungase kube nokwanda okukhulu ezimpawini zomzimba ezihambisana nokuqhakaza kweqanda. Lokhu kungahle kwenze umuntu azibuze, “Ngabe ngiphinde ngiqhakaza futhi?” nakuba kungaba ngumcimbi owodwa kuphela onomkhondo omkhulu wamahomoni. Ngokufanayo, abanye abantu banezikhathi zokuhamba kokuya esikhathini ezide, ezidala izinsuku eziningi zamafinyila omlomo wesibeletho alungele inzalo, okwandisa umuzwa wokuthi ukuqhakaza kweqanda kuqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ekugcineni, nakuba umzimba uvame ukulandela ukwenyuka okukodwa okukhulu kwe-LH ngomjikelezo ngamunye, izimpawu zomzimba ezihlukahlukene zingaxuba imigqa phakathi kwesigaba sangaphambi kokuqhakaza nesangemva kokuqhakaza, okuholela ekudidekeni.
Indima Yokuguquguquka Kwamahomoni Nezifo Zempilo
Ezinye izimo zempilo zingathinta ukuthi umuntu ubonakala enza kangaki ukuqhakaza kweqanda, noma okungenani indlela umzimba wakhe obonisa ngayo izimpawu zokuqhakaza. I-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ingesinye isibonelo. Njengesimo esiphawulwa ukungalingani kwamahomoni nemijikelezo engajwayelekile, i-PCOS ingaguqula iphethini yokuthuthuka kwama-follicle. Abanye abane-PCOS banamazinga e-estrogen ahlala ephakeme noma aguquguqukayo, okuholela emizamweni ephindaphindiwe yokukhula kwe-follicle nokuqhakaza kweqanda ngaphandle kokukhishwa kweqanda eliqinisekisiwe. Lokhu kungase kubonakale njengezikhathi eziningi zamafinyila omlomo wesibeletho afana nawokubeletha ngesikhathi esisodwa somjikelezo. Kwabafuna ukukhuthaza ukuqhakaza kweqanda okuvamile nokusekela ibhalansi yamahomoni, imithi yokwengeza efana ne-Conceive Plus Ovulation Support, equkethe i-Myo-Inositol, i-D-chiro Inositol, namanye amavithamini abalulekile, ingaba usizo ohlelweni lwabo lokunakekela ukuzala.
Ezinye iziphazamiseko zamahomoni, ezifana nezifo ze-thyroid noma i-hyperprolactinemia, nazo zingadala ukungajwayelekile okungahunyushwa njengokuqhakaza kweqanda okuvame kakhulu. Uma i-thyroid isebenza kancane noma kakhulu, ingaphazamisa ukuvumelana okuhle kwamahomoni okuzala. Ngenxa yalokho, izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bokubamba esiswini, noma izinguquko koketshezi lomlomo wesibeletho, zingavela ngezikhathi ezingahleliwe kunokuba kube fasicile esisodwa esiqondile. Kubantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-prolactin, ukuqhakaza kweqanda kungaba ngezinye izikhathi nje noma kungabi bikho nakancane, okwenza bazihumushe noma yisiphi isimpawu esiphindayo njengomzamo omusha wokuqhakaza. Lezi zimo ziveza ukuthi ubunzima bezokwelapha obungaphansi kwendawo bungachaza amaphethini adidayo kunokuthi kube ukuqhakaza kweqanda okuningana ngempela kumjikelezo ngamunye.
Imithelela Yendlela Yokuphila: Ingcindezi, Ukuzivocavoca, Nokudla
Inhlalakahle yomzimba nengokomzwelo nayo imisa indlela umzimba oqhakaza ngayo. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu noma ingcindezi eqhubekayo kwandisa i-cortisol, engaphazamisa amahomoni alawula umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungabambezela noma kufinyeze izigaba zomjikelezo, kwenze kube nzima ukuthola kahle ukuthi ukuqhakaza kweqanda kwenzeke nini. Uma ubude bomjikelezo bushintsha ngendlela engalindelekile, umuntu angalandelela izimpawu zomzimba ngendlela engalungile, bese ephetha ngokuthi kunokuqhakaza kweqanda okuningana enyanga efanayo.
Ukuzivocavoca okunamandla noma okungokokuqala nakho kunendima. Izinhlelo eziqinile zokuzivocavoca ikakhulukazi ezinciphisa kakhulu amafutha omzimba zingaphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kokuqhakaza kweqanda. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuqala ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo nokulinganiselayo kungasiza ukuvumelanisa imijikelezo ngokuzinzisa amazinga amahomoni. Ukudla nokondleka nakho kubalulekile—ukungabi namandla anele okuvela ekudleni noma ukushoda kokudla okuthile kubalulekile kungalimaza ibhalansi yonke yama-endocrine. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlelo lokuzivocavoca noma imikhuba yokudla yomuntu ishintsha futhi eqaphela imizwa emisha noma enamandla endaweni yesisu esiphansi, lokhu kungase kube uphawu lokucindezeleka emzimbeni kunokuba kube ukwanda kwangempela kwezikhathi zokuqhakaza kweqanda.
Ukuhunyushwa Kwezinguquko Ekuphumeneni Koketshezi Lomlomo Wesibeletho
Enye yezimpawu ezisobala kakhulu zobuchwepheshe bokuzala ukuketshezi lomlomo wesibeletho. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kweqanda, ukwenyuka kwe-estrogen kubangela ushintsho ekugxileni koketshezi kusuke ekubeni namafinyila anzima, anamathelayo kuya kokuba maningi, ageleze kalula futhi elula, kufana namaqanda asanda kuqhekethwa, angenalutho ngaphakathi. Lokhu kuketshezi kusiza isidoda ukuthi sihambe kalula, sisize uhambo laso luye emlonyeni wesibeletho. Ngemva kokuqhakaza kweqanda, i-progesterone iwujiyisa futhi lo mfinyila, kwakhe isithiyo esisiza ukuvimba esinye isidoda ekungeneni. Kodwa-ke, igama elithi ukwanda kokuphuma okuketshezi emlonyeni wesibeletho lingasho izinto ezahlukene ezimweni ezahlukene. Uma umuntu eqaphela uketshezi oluningi ezingxenyeni eziningi zomjikelezo wakhe, angakhathazeka ukuthi uqhakaza izikhathi eziningi.
Empeleni, ukuguquguquka okuvamile koketshezi lomlomo wesibeletho akusho njalo ukuthi kukhona ukuqhakaza okusha kweqanda. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukushintsha kwamahomoni okungahleliwe noma izifo ezincane kungaguqula ukwakheka nobuningi balokhu kuketshezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bakhiqiza uketshezi oluningi nje ngokwemvelo, okungase kuqhubeke kumanzi isikhathi eside. Ukuqaphela umbala, iphunga, nemizwa ehambisana nakho kungasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinguquko ezivamile eketshezi lomlomo wesibeletho nezinkinga ezingaba khona ezifana ne-bacterial vaginosis noma ukwanda kwesikhunta (yeast infection). Uma kunezimpawu ezifana nokulunywa noma ukucasuka okuhambisana nalezi zinguquko, kunconywa ukubonana nodokotela.
Ukuqapha Izifo Ezihlobene Nokuqhakaza Kweqanda
Yize ukuqhakaza kweqanda izikhathi eziningi kumjikelezo owodwa kungajwayelekile, akukubi nhlobo ukulandelela amaphethini ukuze uthole ukuqonda, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu esola ukungajwayelekile. Amathuluzi afana nokulinganisa izinga lokushisa komzimba ekuseni nsuku zonke anikeza umbono onembile wezinguquko esigabeni se-luteal. Ukukhuphuka okubonakalayo kwezinga lokushisa kuvame ukubonisa ukuthi ukuqhakaza kweqanda sekwenzekile. Khonamanjalo, amakhithi okuqagela ukuqhakaza kweqanda akala ukwenyuka kwe-LH emchameni. Uma la makhithi eqhubeka ekhombisa imiphumela emihle isikhathi eside, kungasho ukuthi kukhona ukungalingani kwamahomoni okusesisekelo.
Ukubonana nodokotela kubaluleke kakhulu uma umuntu ebhekana nobuhlungu obukhulu noma ezinye izimpawu eziphazamisa impilo. Ukuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiwe kobuhlungu obukhulu endaweni yesisu ngesikhathi ezahlukene zomjikelezo kungase kubonise izimo ezifana ne-endometriosis noma ama-ovarian cyst. Uma zitholakala zisasekuqaleni, lezi zimo zingalawulwa noma zilashwe kahle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukunganaki izimpawu ezididayo isikhathi eside kungaholela enhluphekweni ende noma ukulahlekelwa amathuba okwelashwa kusenesikhathi. Ekugcineni, ukuxhumana okuvulekile nogqirha wezifo zabesifazane (gynecologist) kungasusa ukudideka mayelana nokuthi ukuqhakaza kweqanda kwenzeka kangaki futhi kukhanyise ngezinyathelo ezingalandelwa [4].
Isifinyezo
Ekugcineni, kujwayelekile ukuzibuza ukuthi kungani ngiqhakaza kangaka lapho uqaphela izimpawu zomzimba ezengeziwe noma ezingajwayelekile, kodwa ukuqonda ubuciko bomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kuvame ukuveza ukuthi uhlelo lwenza “umdanso” walo ojwayelekile. Sekukonke, nakuba kungajwayelekile ukuthi abantu baqhakaze izikhathi eziningi kumjikelezo owodwa wokuya esikhathini, izinto ezihlukahlukene zingaholela embonweni wokuthi amaqanda akhishwa kaningi. Amazinga amahomoni ashintshayo, ukuqaphela umzimba kakhulu, nezimpawu zomzimba eziguquguqukayo ezifana nokwanda kokuphuma okuketshezi emlonyeni wesibeletho, zingaxuba imigqa phakathi komcimbi owodwa wokuqhakaza kweqanda nalokho okungabonakala sengathi yizikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ezimweni eziningi, umzimba umane ubonisa izinguquko zomjikelezo ezijwayelekile ngendlela evelele. Ngokulandelela kahle futhi, uma kudingeka, ngokuhlolwa kochwepheshe, abantu bangakwazi ukususa lobu budida futhi babhekane nanoma yiziphi izinkathazo ezingaphansi kwendawo.
Izinkomba:
- Su HW, Yi YC, Wei TY, Chang TC, Cheng CM. Detection of ovulation, a review of currently available methods. Bioeng Transl Med. 2017 May 16;2(3):238-246. doi: 10.1002/btm2.10058. PMID: 29313033; PMCID: PMC5689497.
- Dyer O. Women may ovulate two or three times a month. BMJ. 2003 Jul 19;327(7407):124. PMCID: PMC1126506.
- Cohen J, Iffy L, Keyser HH. Basal body temperature recordings in spontaneous abortion. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1976;14(2):117-22. doi: 10.1002/j.1879-3479.1976.tb00579.x. PMID: 10200.
- Dyer O. Women may ovulate two or three times a month. BMJ. 2003 Jul 19;327(7407):124. PMCID: PMC1126506.
