Kungani ngingakhishi iqanda kodwa ngisaya esikhathini?

Abesifazane abaningi bakuthola kudida lapho bebabhekana nokopha okuvamile kokuya esikhathini kodwa bathole ukuthi ukuvuthwa kweqanda akwenziwanga. Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi ukungavuthwa kweqanda (anovulation), sivusa imibuzo enjengokuthi kungani ngingavuthi kweqanda kodwa ngisaya esikhathini?

Ukuvuthwa kweqanda wukukhishwa kweqanda esibelethweni (ovary), okuvame ukwenzeka kanye emjikelezweni ngamunye wokuya esikhathini kowesifazane. Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kowesifazane ulandela iphethini lapho ukuvuthwa kweqanda kwenzeka maphakathi nomjikelezo, kanti ukopha noma ukuya esikhathini kuqala ekuqaleni komjikelezo olandelayo [1].

Ngakho-ke, ukungaboni ukuvuthwa kweqanda kungabangela abesifazane babuze imibuzo enjengokuthi, ingabe ungathola isikhathi ngaphandle kokuvuthwa kweqanda, noma ingabe ungaba nesikhathi ungavuthi kweqanda?

Uyini Umqondo Wokungavuthwa Kweqanda (Anovulation)?

Ngamagama alula, incazelo yokungavuthwa kweqanda (anovulation) ukwehluleka kwe-ovari ukukhipha iqanda phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini [2]. Emjikelezweni ojwayelekile, ama-ovari akhipha iqanda elivuthiwe elilungele ukuchanyuselwa isidoda maphakathi nomjikelezo. Uma ukuchanyuselwa kanye nokunamathela kweqanda kwenzeka, ukukhulelwa kuqala.

Nokho, kwabesifazane abaneku- an anovulatory cycle, kuba nenkinga ngamahomoni alungiselela futhi akhiphe iqanda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho ukukhishwa kweqanda kwenzeka kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini.

Ngoba ukukhulelwa akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuvuthwa kweqanda, ukungavuthwa kweqanda kungaba yinkathazo enkulu kunoma yimuphi owesifazane, ikakhulukazi labo abazama ukukhulelwa.

Yini Ebanga Ukungavuthwa Kweqanda (Anovulation)?

Kunezimbangela eziningana zokungavuthwa kweqanda, futhi imbangela eqondile ingahluka kwesimo sakho. Nokho, nazi izizathu ezivamile zokungavuthwa kweqanda kwabesifazane abaningi:

1. Ukungalingani Kwamahomoni

Amahomoni afana ne-estrogen, i-progesterone, i-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ne-luteinizing hormone (LH) alawula imicimbi ehlukene yomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, okuhlanganisa nokuvuthwa kweqanda [1]. Yibhalansi efanele yala mahomoni enikeza umzimba isignali yokuqala imicimbi ehlukene yomjikelezo.

Isibonelo, ukuvuka okukhulu kwe-LH kuyadingeka ukuze kuvuselelwe isibeletho ukuthuthukisa ukuvuthwa kweqanda [1]. Ngakho-ke, uma kunokungalingani kwala mahomoni, amathuba okuhlangabezana nomjikelezo ongenakuvuthwa kweqanda ayanda.

2. I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ingesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokungavuthwa kweqanda (anovulation) [3]. I-PCOS ibangela ukuthi abesifazane babone ukuguquguquka okungazelelwe kwamahomoni namazinga aphakeme kunokuvamile amahomoni obulili besilisa abizwa ngokuthi ama-androgen. Lokhu kuholela emijikelezweni yokuya esikhathini engajwayelekile futhi kungavimba ukuvuthwa kweqanda okuvamile.

3. Izifo ze-Thyroid

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi amahomoni e-thyroid anomthelela omkhulu emjikelezweni wokuya esikhathini kowesifazane nasempilweni yokuzala iyonke [4]. Zombili izinhlobo zezifo ze-thyroid — i-hypothyroidism ne-hyperthyroidism — zingaphazamisa ibhalansi yamahomoni futhi ziphazamise ukuvuthwa kweqanda. Izifo ze-thyroid zingaholela nokungabi nokuhlelwa kokuya esikhathini kwezinye izimo.

4. Amazinga E-Prolactin Aphezulu

I-Prolactin iwuhomoni wabesifazane obaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kobisi nasekuthuthukisweni kwamabele ngemva kokubeletha. Nokho, lapho izinga le-prolactin liphezulu, lingavimba amahomoni okwenza i-ovulation, njengokuthi i-FSH [5]. Lokhu kungaholela ekungabini khona kwe-ovulation futhi kuthinte kabi amandla okukhulelwa kowesifazane.

5. Izici Zendlela Yokuphila

Izici ezihlukahlukene zendlela yokuphila, ezifana nengcindezi engapheli, ukushintsha kakhulu kwesisindo, ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile, noma ukudla okungelona elinempilo, konke kungafaka isandla ekungalinganeni kwamahormone nasezinkingeni zokujwayeleka kokuya esikhathini. Abesifazane abanezindlela zokuphila ezingelula banamathuba amaningi okuhlangabezana ne-anovulation nezinye izinkinga zokuzala.

6. Iminyaka

Abesifazane bazalwa nenani elilinganiselwe lamaqanda, aqala ukwehla ngemva kokufikisa. Njengoba owesifazane esondela esikhathini sokuyeka ukuya esikhathini, ukuphela kohambo lwakhe lokuzala, kuba namathuba amaningi okuba nemijikelezo engajwayelekile. Kulesi sikhathi, angase abe nemijikelezo engenzeki kuyo i-ovulation. Ngakho-ke, uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45 futhi ukhathazekile ngokuthi kungani ungabi ne-ovulation, iminyaka ingaba yimbangela.

Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso Ze-Anovulation

UkuqaphelaUkubona izimpawu ze-anovulation noma izimpawu zokungavuthiqandi kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuxilongweni ngokushesha nasekwelashweni okusebenzayo. Nokho, akuwona wonke owesifazane ohlangabezana ne-anovulation ozobona inkinga ngokushesha, ngoba izimpawu zokuya esikhathini ngaphandle kwe-ovulation azicaci kakhulu ekuqaleni.

Nawa amanye amasiginali nezimpawu zokungabi ne-ovulation tezingakusiza ukubona lesi simo:

1. Izikhathi Zokuya Esikhathini Ezingajwayelekile: Njengoba i-anovulation ivamise ukubangelwa izinkinga zamahormone, ithinta nokujwayeleka kokuya esikhathini. Imijikelezo yakho ingase ithathe isikhathi eside kunokuvamile, noma ungakwazi ngisho ukweqa izikhathi ngokuphelele.
2. Ukuhamba Kwegazi Lokumjikelezo Wokuya Esikhathini Okungajwayelekile: Ngesikhathi somjikelezo ongena-ovulation, ungase uhlangabezane nokopha okunamandla ngokweqile noma okuncane ngokungajwayelekile. Lezi zinguquko emaphethini okopha zenza kubuzwe imibuzo enjengokuthi kumele yini ube ne-ovulation ukuze ube nokuya esikhathini.
3. Ukungabi Nobuhlungu Be-Ovulation: Imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi cishe u-40% wabesifazane bazwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi se-ovulation, okubizwa nangokuthi i-Mittelschmerz [6]. Uma ngokujwayelekile uzwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi se-ovulation kodwa kungazelelwe ungabusazwanga, lokho kungasho ukuthi awuvuthiqandi.
4. Izinga Lokushisa Lomzimba Eliyisisekelo Elizinzile: Izinguquko emahormoneni ezibangela i-ovulation ngokuvamile zibangela ukwenyuka okuncane kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba eliyisisekelo (BBT). Izimpawu zokungavuthiqandi zifaka phakathi ukungabi nokwenyuka okucacile kwezinga lokushisa maphakathi nomjikelezo womzimba wakho.
5. Izinguquko Koketshezi Lomlomo Wesibeletho: Uketshezi lomlomo wesibeletho cizinguquko ngesikhathi se-ovulation bese iba sobala, iyeluleka, ifane nolwelu lweqanda. Ukungabi nalezi zinguquko kungaba ingxenye yezimpawu zokuthi awuvuthiqandi.

Ezinye izifazane zingase ziqaphele nezinye izimpawu zomjikelezo ongenakho kuvuthwa kweqanda ezifana nokushintsha kwemizwa noma ukukhathala. Ukunaka lezi zinkomba nokulandelela umjikelezo wakho eduze kungasiza ukuphendula umbuzo othi: ungakwazi kanjani ukubona ukuthi unomjikelezo lapho iqanda lingavuthwa (anovulatory cycle)?

Ukopha Okungenakho Kuvuthwa Kweqanda uma Kuqhathaniswa Nesikhathi

Abesifazane abaningi bakuthola kudida ukwehlukanisa ukopha emjikelezweni ongavuthwa iqanda nesikhathi esijwayelekile. Umbuzo ojwayelekile esimweni esinjalo uthi, ingabe ungawuthola isikhathi ngaphandle kokuvuthwa kweqanda?

Ezinhlelweni ze-anovulation, ungqimba lwesibeletho lungase luqhubeke nokwakheka bese ekugcineni luyaxebuka, kuholele ekophini okungase kubonakale kuhluke egazini lesikhathi. Nazi ezinye izindlela i-anovulatory bleeding ehluka ngazo ekophini kwesikhathi esijwayelekile:

• Isikhathi: Emjikelezweni ojwayelekile lapho iqanda livuthwa, ukopha kulandela ukukhishwa kweqanda. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngesikhathi se-anovulatory period kubandakanya ukukhishwa kweqanda.
• Ukugeleza Kwegazi: Ukuphuma kwegazi ngesikhathi lapho iqanda lingavuthwa kungaba kungajwayelekile. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba kuncane, kwesinye isikhathi kungaba kukhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukopha emjikelezweni ojwayelekile lapho iqanda livuthwa kuvamise ukuhambisana ngendlela efanayo futhi kuthathe izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezihlanu.

Njengoba ukopha kungenzeka kokubili ekungabikhona nasekubeni khona kokuvuthwa kweqanda, kuvame ukudala imibuzo enjengokuthi, ingabe ungaba nesikhathi ungavuthi iqanda, noma ingabe usengaba nesikhathi kodwa ungavuthi iqanda?

Njengoba kuxoxwe ngenhla, ukuba nezikhathi akusho ukuthi nakanjani kunokuvuthwa kweqanda, ngoba lokho kungenzeka nasezikhathini lapho iqanda lingavuthwa. Ukuze uthole ukuvuthwa kweqanda, kudingeka ubheke izimpawu ezithembekile kakhulu izimpawu zokuvuthwa kweqanda.

Izinketho Zokwelapha I-anovulation

Uma uhlangabezana nemijikelezo lapho amaqanda engavuthwa (anovulatory cycles) futhi uzibuza ukuthi, angivuthi iqanda kufanele ngenzeni, kukhona izinketho zokwelashwa ezikhona. Ukwelashwa ngodokotela kanye nezinguquko endleleni yokuphila kuyizinketho zokwelapha i-anovulation ezisebenzayo.

1. Ukwelashwa Ngodokotela

Izindlela zokwelapha ngodokotela ezingasiza ukubuyisela ukuvuthwa kweqanda zifaka phakathi:

• Ukwelashwa Ngama-hormone:\u00a0Imithi efana ne-Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) noma i-Letrozole ingakhuthaza ukuvuthwa kweqanda ngokulinganisa amazinga ama-hormone okuzala [7].
• Metformin: I-PCOS ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuzwa komzimba ku-insulin. I-Metformin ngumuthi osiza ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela ku-insulin futhi unciphise izimpawu ze-PCOS. Lokhu kungasiza ukulinganisa ama-hormone nokukhuthaza ukukhishwa kwamaqanda ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda.
• Ama-gonadotrophins: Ama-gonadotrophins yimijovo yemithi elingisa indima yama-hormone okuzala emzimbeni. Angakhuthaza isovari ukuthi ikhiqize futhi ikhiphe iqanda elivuthiwe.
• Imithi Ye-thyroid: Uma izinkinga ze-thyroid ziyimbangela yokungalingani kwama-hormone nokulahleka kokuvuthwa kweqanda, imithi ye-thyroid ingasiza. Le mithi ingabuyisela amazinga ajwayelekile e-hormone ye-thyroid futhi isize ukuthi imijikelezo yakho ijwayeleke futhi.

2. Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila

Imikhuba yokuphila enempilo ingathuthukisa kakhulu impilo yokuzala kowesifazane futhi isize ukubuyisela ukukhishwa kweqanda. Le mikhuba ingabandakanya:

• Thola Ukudla Okulinganiselayo: Ukudla okulinganiselayo kunikeza ama-nutrient abalulekile adingekayo emsebenzini ophilile wokuzala, okuhlanganisa nemijikelezo ejwayelekile yokuya esikhathini. Ukudla izithelo eziningi, imifino, nama-whole grains kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuzala nokusekela ukukhishwa kweqanda [8].
• Gcina Isisindo Esinempilo: Njengoba kokubili ukukhuluphala nokuba mncane ngokweqile kuyizimbangela ze-anovulation, kubalulekile ukugcina isisindo esinempilo. Isisindo somzimba esinempilo sikhuthaza ukulingana kwamahomoni okungakwazi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubuyisela ukukhishwa kweqanda okuvamile.
• Ukwehlisa Ingcindezi: Ingcindezi engapheli iyaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni futhi ikhulise amathuba akho okuhlangabezana nemijikelezo yokungakhishi iqanda. Ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwehlisa ingcindezi ezingakusiza uthuthukise impilo yokuzala futhi usekele ukukhishwa kweqanda okuvamile zifaka phakathi ukuzindla, i-yoga, noma ukwelulekwa.
• Ukuzivocavoca Njalo: Umsebenzi womzimba ophakathi nendawo usiza ukugcina ukulingana kwamahomoni futhi futhi uwusizo ekwehliseni isisindo. Kokubili ukulingana kwamahomoni nesisindo esinempilo kukhuthaza imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini evamile enokukhishwa kweqanda okujwayelekile. Nokho, gwema ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile ngoba kungase kube nomthelela ekungakhishweni kweqanda.
• Cabanga Ngezithasiselo Zokuzala: Izithasiselo zokuzala kowesifazane, ezifana ne-Ovulation Support ka-Conceive Plus, zingase zikhuthaze ukukhishwa kweqanda okuvamile ngokuthuthukisa ukulingana kwamahomoni. Ama-nutrient afana ne-inositol ne-myo-inositol ezithasiselweni zokuzala asiza ukuthuthukisa ukusabela komzimba ku-insulin [9]. Ukuthuthuka kokuzwela ku-insulin kunganciphisa i-anovulation kwabesifazane abane-PCOS.

Kulabo abafuna ukuqonda kangcono imijikelezo yabo yokukhishwa kweqanda nokuzala, ukuhlola i-ithesti engcono kakhulu yokukhishwa kweqanda kungakunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile mayelana nokuthi nini ukukhishwa kweqanda okwenzeka.

Okubaluleke Kakhulu

Ukuba nesikhathi ngaphandle kokukhishwa kweqanda kungadida noma yimuphi umuntu wesifazane, kodwa akuyona into engajwayelekile. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-anovulation, futhi singavela ngenxa yokungalingani kwamahomoni nezimo ezahlukene ezifana ne-PCOS.

Uma futhi ukhathazekile ngokuthi kungani ngingakhuphi iqanda kodwa ngisaya esikhathini, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka izimpawu zokungakhuphi iqanda (anovulation). Ukuqaphela izimpawu nezimpawu zokungakhuphi iqanda kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekutholeni imbangela eyisisekelo futhi kuthuthukise imiphumela yokwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kokungavuthwa kwamaqanda kungenzeka ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo nokugcina isisindo esinempilo. Uma ungaboni ukuthuthuka ekujikelezeni okuvamile kokuya esikhathini noma uqhubeka ukweqa ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda ngisho nangemva kokwenza lezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila, sincoma ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole izinketho zokwelashwa kwezokwelapha zokubuyisela ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe uvuthwa amaqanda njalo ngenyanga?

Owesifazane akavuthwa amaqanda njalo ngenyanga ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izinto ezifana nokucindezeleka, ukungalingani kwamahomoni, nezimo zempilo ezithile zingadala imijikelezo lapho kungavuthwa kwamaqanda (anovulatory cycles).

2. Ingabe umuntu angaya esikhathini ngaphandle kokuvuthwa kwamaqanda?

Kungenzeka ukuthi ube nokuya esikhathini noma ukopha kokuya esikhathini ngaphandle kokuvuthwa kwamaqanda. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ungqimba lwesibeletho lungakhula noma kungavuthwanga iqanda, kanti ukuphuma kwalolu ngqimba kubangela ukuya esikhathini.

3. Ingabe uba nokubanjwa (ama-cramps) phakathi komjikelezo ongavuthwanga iqanda?

Ungase ube nokubanjwa (ama-cramps) phakathi komjikelezo ongavuthwanga iqanda, yize kungabikhona ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda. Lawa ma-cramps ngokuvamile ahlukile ekubanjweni okuvamile ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini futhi abangelwa ukuguquguquka kwamahomoni.

Izinsiza Ezisetshenzisiwe

1. Thiyagarajan, D. K., Basit, H., & Jeanmonod, R. (2024b, 27 kuSepthemba). IFizioloji, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500020/ 
2. Hamilton-Fairley, D., & Taylor, A. (2003). Ukungavuthwa kwamaqanda. BMJ, 327(7414), 546–549. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.546 
3. Franks, S., & Hardy, K. (2020). Yini ebangela ukungavuthwa kwamaqanda (anovulation) esifweni se-polycystic ovary syndrome? Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research, 12, 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2020.03.001 
4. Mazzilli, R., Medenica, S., Di Tommaso, A. M., Fabozzi, G., Zamponi, V., Cimadomo, D., Rienzi, L., Ubaldi, F. M., Watanabe, M., Faggiano, A., La Vignera, S., & Defeudis, G. (2022). Indima yokusebenza kwe-thyroid ekungazali kwabesifazane nabesilisa: ukubuyekezwa okulandisayo. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 46(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-022-01883-7 
5. I-Prolactin ivimba ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ingozi yokuba ne-endometriosis entsha. (2025, 27 kuMashi). The BMJ. https://www.bmj.com/content/358/bmj.j3778/rr 
6. Mittelschmerz. (2025, 1 kuJanuwari). PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31747229/ 
7. Wasim, T., Nasrin, T., Zunair, J., & Irshad, S. (2023). Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Letrozole uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Clomiphene Citrate ekukhuthazeni ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda kwabesifazane abanesifo se-polycystic ovarian syndrome. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 40(1). https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7971 
8. Skoracka, K., Ratajczak, A. E., Rychter, A. M., Dobrowolska, A., & Krela-Kaźmierczak, I. (2021c). Ukuzala kwabesifazane nendlela yokondleka: izici ezibaluleke kakhulu. Advances in Nutrition, 12(6), 2372–2386. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab068 
9. DiNicolantonio, J. J., & O’Keefe, J. H. (2022). I-myo-inositol yokumelana ne-insulin, i-metabolic syndrome, isifo se-polycystic ovary syndrome kanye nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Open Heart, 9(1), e001989. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2022-001989 

I-Conceive Plus indawo engcono kakhulu yokuthenga i-myo-inositol ku-inthanethi ukuze uthole izithasiselo ze-myo-inositol ezinhle kakhulu I-Conceive Plus Ovulation Support iqukethe i-myo-inositol yekhwalithi ephezulu ethengiswayo. Oda amakhaphula e-myo-inositol ku-inthanethi namuhla ukuze ukhuthaze ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda nokulungisa amahomoni nemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini.