Kungenzeka Kangakanani Ukukhulelwa Uneminyaka Engu-15

Ungase uzibuze, yiziphi ithuba lokukhulelwa uneminyaka engu-15? Eneminyaka engu-15, amantombazane amaningi asevele aqalile i-ovulation, okusho ukuthi ukukhulelwa kungenzeka nakanjani uma benocansi ngaphandle kokuzivikela. Leli yisikhathi esibucayi lapho ukuqonda impilo yokuzala kubaluleke kakhulu. Nakuba imizimba yentsha isekhula, ngokwemvelo, bayakwazi ukuthela ingane [1].

Indlela Ukuzala Okusebenzela Ngayo Kwentsha

Nansi into abantu abaningi abangayicabangi. Uma intombazane isiqale ukuya esikhathini kokuqala, umzimba wayo uqala i-ovulation njalo, lokho okwenza ukukhulelwa kwenzeke. Iphesenti le-ukukhulelwa okulula kwentsha lingaba phezulu ngokumangazayo ngoba bavame ukuba semsamo wempilo yabo yokuzala ngokwemvelo.

Ngisho nesikhathi esisodwa socansi ngaphandle kokuzivikela singaholela ekukhulelweni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-ovulation. Isidoda singahlala emzimbeni wowesifazane kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezinhlanu, ngakho isikhathi akudingeki silingane kahle ukuze kube nokukhulelwa. Yingakho sizwa ngamantombazane akhulelwa ngemuva kwesenzo esisodwa kuphela—lokho kusebenzela imithetho ye-biology [2].

Izingozi Zokukhulelwa Kwentsha

Ukukhulelwa usemncane kuza nezingozi zangempela. Kokubili kumama nenganeni. Umzimba usese kuyakhula eneminyaka engu-15, okusho ukuthi ukuphatha ukukhulelwa kunzima kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abadala. Izimo ezifana nokucindezeleka kwegazi eliphezulu ne-preeclampsia zivamile kakhulu ekukhulelweni kwentsha.

Izingane ezizalwa kumama abasebancane nazo zisengozini enkulu yokuzalwa zingakabi naso isikhathi esanele noma zisinda kancane. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezingathinta impilo yazo iminyaka eminingi. Uma umama engatholi imvophela yokukhulelwa eyanele—efana ne-folic acid, i-iron, ne-calcium—nentuthuko yengane ingathinteka yona futhi.

Amavithamini angeziwe aqukethe amavithamini abalulekile njenge-folic acid angasiza ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube enganeni. I-iron isekela amazinga wamandla futhi ithuthukise ukugeleza komoya-mpilo ku-mama nenganeni, kanti i-magnesium isiza ukusebenza kwemisipha, okubalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa [3].

Izinselelo Zokwengqondo Nezenhlalo

Akusikho okomzimba kuphela. Ukukhulelwa kwentsha kuza nezinselelo ezingokwengqondo nezenhlalo, futhi. Intombazane ethola ukuthi ikhulelwe eneminyaka engu-15 ingazizwa inovalo, ididekile, noma ngisho iyodwa [4]. Kukhulu okumele ukucubungule, ikakhulukazi lapho ubhekene nokugqunywa kwabanye.

Kukhona futhi udaba lwesikole. Abaningi omama abasebancane bayayeka isikole ngoba ukulinganisela ukukhulelwa, imisebenzi yesikole, nokuphila kubonakala kungenzeki. Uma kungekho isitifiketi se-high school, amathuba esikhathi esizayo ayancipha, okungaholela ezinkingeni zezimali zesikhathi eside.

Obaba bentsha nabo ababavikelekile ezingqinambeni. Bangase bacindezelwe ukuthi banikeze ukwesekwa, yize bengakulungele ngokomzwelo noma ngokwezimali. Lesi simo singacindezela ubudlelwane kanye nempilo yengqondo yomama nobaba.

Ukusekelwa okuvela emndenini, kubangani, noma ezinsizeni zokweluleka kungaletha umehluko omkhulu. Uhlelo oluqinile lokweseka lusiza abasakhula badlule kulesi sikhathi esinzima futhi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nekusasa labo [5].

Ukuvimbela Ukukhulelwa Uneminyaka engu-15

Lapho kukhulunywa ngamathuba okukhulelwa uneminyaka engu-15, ukuvimbela kubalulekile. Ukuzithiba ocansini kuphela (ukungayi ocansini nhlobo) yiyona ndlela eyi-100% ephumelela ukuvikela ukukhulelwa. Kodwa ake sibheke iqiniso—akuwona wonke umuntu ozokhetha lowo mgudu.

Izindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa ziyisinyathelo esilandelayo esingcono. Amathebulethi okulawula ukuzala, amakhondomu, ama-IUD—konke kwehlisa amathuba okukhulelwa uma kusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele. UkuFundisa abasakhula ngalezi zinketho kubalulekile ukuze basuke benze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Ama-lubricant ahambisana nokuzala aqukethe i-calcium ne-magnesium angaba usizo futhi. Nakuba enzelwe ukusekela ukukhulelwa, angaba yingxenye yomjikelezo onempilo wokuzala uma ehlanganiswe nezindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa.

Abazali nothisha banendima enkulu kakhulu lapha. Ingxoxo evulekile ngocansi, ukuzala, nezindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa inganika abasakhula amandla okuzilawula ezinqumweni abazenzayo [6].

Ungayibhekana Kanjani Nokukhulelwa Kwentsha

Ng kwesinye isikhathi, naphezu kwemizamo yokuvikela, ukukhulelwa kwenzeka. Uma kwenzeka, ukunyakaza kusenesikhathi kubalulekile. Ukunakekelwa komama nengane kusenesikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kusiza ukulandelela impilo kamama nengane.

Amavithamini nezithasiselo zokudla zibalulekile kubo omama abasebancane. I-folic acid yinciphisa ingozi yokuba nengane enokukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Amafutha abalulekile e-Omega-3 afana ne-DHA abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho bengane. Insimbi ne-zinc zisiza ukusekela amandla nokukhula. Omama abasha bangase badinge ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kokudla ukuze banelise izidingo zomzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi omama abasebancane babe nomuntu abangakhuluma naye—kungaba umndeni, umngane, noma umeluleki oqeqeshiwe. Ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo kungenza lolu hambo lungazwakali njengoludidayo futhi kusize ekuhleleni ikusasa [7].

Okubalulekile

Amathuba okukhulelwa uneminyaka engu-15 ancike ezinhlanganisweni zezinto ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda nesetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa. Ukukhulelwa kwentsha kungaletha izingqinamba ezinkulu zempilo, ezomzwelo, nezenhlalo, kodwa ulwazi nokwesekwa kungashintsha kakhulu isimo.

Ukuqonda ukuthi ukukhulelwa kusebenza kanjani, indlela yokukuvimbela, nendlela yokufuna usizo lapho kudingeka kubalulekile. Ukuxhumana okuvulekile phakathi kwentsha, abazali, nothisha kungasiza abantu abasebasha benze izinqumo ezihambisana nezinhloso zabo nempilo yabo. Ekugcineni, okubalulekile ukuhlinzeka intsha ngolwazi namathuluzi okuphatha impilo yabo yokuzala ngokuzibophezela [8].

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ingabe intombazane eneminyaka engu-15 ingakhulelwa okokuqala yenza ucansi?

Yebo, uma inqubo yokuvuthwa kweqanda isiqalile, ukukhulelwa kungenzeka ngisho nasocansini lokuqala.

Yiziphi izingozi zokukhulelwa eneminyaka engu-15?

Izingcuphe zihlanganisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-preeclampsia, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nesisindo esiphansi sengane ekuzalweni.

Intsha ingawunciphisa kanjani iphesenti lokukhulelwa?

Ukusebenzisa izithiyo zokuvimbela inzalo ezifana namakhondomu noma amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okukhulelwa.

Ingabe zikhona izinselele zemizwa ezintombazaneni ezikhulelwayo?

Yebo, abaningi babhekana nengcindezi, ukwesaba, nokwahlulelwa abanye, okungathinta impilo yengqondo.

Ingabe omama abasebancane bangaba nezingane eziphilile?

Yebo, ngokunakekelwa kokubeletha kusenesikhathi nokudla okufanele, omama abasebancane bangaba nokukhulelwa okunempilo nezingane eziphilile.

Izinkomba

1. Chen, X. K., Wen, S. W., Fleming, N., Demissie, K., Rhoads, G. G., & Walker, M. (2007). Ukukhulelwa kwemantombazane kanye nemiphumela emibi ekuzalweni: ucwaningo olubanzi olusekelwe kubantu abaningi olubheka emuva. Ijenali yamazwe omhlaba ye-epidemiology. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17213208/
2. Kirby, D. B., Laris, B. A., & Rolleri, L. A. (2007). Izinhlelo zemfundo ngobulili ne-HIV: umthelela wazo ekuziphatheni ngokocansi kwabantu abasebasha emhlabeni wonke. Ijenali yezempilo yentsha: ukuphashwa okusemthethweni kwe-Society for Adolescent Medicine. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17321420/
3. Makrides, M., Crosby, D. D., Bain, E., & Crowther, C. A. (2014). Ukwengeza i-magnesium ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24696187/
4. Patchen, L., Caruso, D., & Lanzi, R. G. (2009). Impilo embi yengqondo yomama ne-trauma njengabantu abakhulisa ingozi yesikhawu esifushane phakathi kokukhulelwa kumama abasebancane. Ijenali yezengqondo kanye nemitholampilo yezempilo yengqondo yokunakekela imitholampilo. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19383021/
5. Chandra-Mouli, V., Svanemyr, J., Amin, A., Fogstad, H., Say, L., Girard, F., & Temmerman, M. (2015). Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ngemuva kwe-International Conference on Population and Development: sikuphi mayelana nempilo nobulungiswa bokuzala kobulili kwentsha?. Ijenali yezempilo yentsha: ukuphashwa okusemthethweni kwe-Society for Adolescent Medicine. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25528975/
6. Lindberg, L. D., Maddow-Zimet, I., & Boonstra, H. (2016). Izinguquko ekwamukelweni kwemfundo ngobulili yintsha, 2006-2013. Ijenali yezempilo yentsha: ukuphashwa okusemthethweni kwe-Society for Adolescent Medicine. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27032487/
7. Siegel, R. S., & Brandon, A. R. (2014). Intsha, ukukhulelwa, nempilo yengqondo. Ijenali ye-pediatric kanye ne-gynecology yabafana nentsha. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24559618/
8. Tucker-Drob, E. M., & Harden, K. P. (2012). Intshisekelo yobuhlakani imaphakathi nokusebenzisana kofuzo × isimo sezomnotho nezenhlalo empumelelweni yokufunda kwentsha. Ukuthuthuka kwengane. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22288554/