Izimpawu Zokuqala Zokukhulelwa Zakuqala Kakhulu Esontweni Lokuqala Sekukhulelwa Okwesibili: Ukuveza Imikhondo Yokuqala

Ukukhulelwa okwesibili kungaletha umuzwa omusha wokuzethemba kwabesifazane abaningi, kodwa kungase futhi kulethe izinto ezithile ezimangalisayo. Uhambo ngalunye lokukhulelwa luhlukile, futhi izimpawu ezincane ezivela ezinsukwini zokuqala zingafani nolwazi lokukhulelwa kokuqala. Nakuba kungase kuheheka ukuthi uthembele kulokho owakuzwa ngaphambilini, umzimba wakho ungase uphendule ngokuhlukile kulokhu. Lo mhlahlandlela onemininingwane uchaza ingxenye yokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni engakhulunywa kakhulu, uchazela ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingavela kanjani zisasekuqaleni kwesonto lokuqala, kuhlanganise nezimpawu zokuqala kakhulu zokukhulelwa ngesonto eli-1 ekukhulelweni kwesibili. Kusukela ekushintsheni komzimba ekuzweleni kwamabele kuya ekushintsheni kwamazinga wamandla, ukuqonda lezi zinkomba kungakulungiselela uhambo oluzayo.

Izimpawu Zingavela Kusenesikhathi Kangakanani?

Omunye wemibuzo emikhulu abanayo abesifazane abaningi wukuthi ingabe umzimba ngempela ungakhombisa izimpawu zokukhulelwa kusenesikhathi esifushane njengasevikweni lokuqala ngemva kokuvundiswa. Nakuba imithombo yezokwelapha yendabuko ivame ukusho ukuthi izimpawu ezisobala zithatha okungenani amasonto ambalwa ukuvela, akusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubona izinguquko ezincane ekuqaleni kakhulu kokukhulelwa. Lokhu kubaluleke ngokukhethekile kwabesifazane abakhulelwa okwesibili noma okwesithathu nangaphezulu. Njengoba sebevele beke badlula kulo mzila wama-hormone, bangase babe nokuhambisana okukhulu nezinkomba ezincane, njengokushintsha kwemizwa, ukuvuvukala okuncane, noma ukuzwela okukhulu kumaphunga.

Ngokocwaningo oluthile lwezifo zabesifazane ezikhulelwe, izinguquko zomzimba zingavela kwezinye izimo zisencane ekukhulelweni kwesibili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isibeletho sesake sandisa kakade, futhi umzimba uyawabona masinyane ama-siginali ama-hormone. Kubalulekile, nokho, ukukhumbula ukuthi nakuba ungase uzwe okuthile okufana nezimpawu zokukhulelwa zamaviki amabili, isikhathi kanye namandla alo kuhluka. Umuntu ngamunye unomzimba ohlukile, kanti nezinto zokuphila, ingcindezi, nempilo yonke kungathinta ukuthi lezo zimpawu eziwuphawu ziqala nini ukuba sobala. Uma uzwa sengathi kukhona okushintshile, cishe uqaphela izimpawu zangempela zokukhulelwa, kodwa ukuqinisekisa nodokotela noma ukuhlolwa ekhaya ngemva kokuphoswa yinyanga kusalokhu kuyindlela ethembeke kakhulu [1].

Kulabo abafisa kakhulu ukubona izimpawu zokuqala kakhulu zokukhulelwa, ukuhlola uhlu olubanzi lwe-izimpawu ezingama-70 zokuqala zokukhulelwa kungakunikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngezinguquko ezincane ezingase zikhombise ukuthi kukhona ukukhulelwa.

Kungani Ukukhulelwa Okwesibili Kungafani

Umbono ovamile wukuthi uma uke wakhulelwa kanye, elandelayo lizohamba ngendlela efanayo. Nakuba amaphethini athile engaphindwa, omama abaningi bathola ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwabo kwesibili kwehluke ngendlela abangazange bayilindele maqondana nezimpawu zokuqala nendlela yonke okudlula ngayo. Inkumbulo yomzimba ngenqubo yokukhulelwa ingaholela ekutheni uqaphele ngokwengeziwe noma yiziphi izinhlungu ezincane. Ukwazi kahle ukuthi ukushintsha kwama-hormone kuzizwa kanjani kungakwenza uhlale uqaphela izinkomba ezincane.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhathala okwandayo kuvame ukuphindaphindwa. Uma usuvele unengane okufanele uyinakekele, lesi sigaba sesibili sokukhulelwa singase sizwakale sidonsa kakhulu ezinyangeni zokuqala kakhulu. Lokhu kukhatala kungavela njengezimpawu “zokukhulelwa kwesibili ngaphambi kokuphoswa yinyanga,” ikakhulukazi uma uzithola usukhathele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa okusemthethweni kubalulekile, ukukhathala okukhulu kungaba wuphawu oluqinile lokuvundiswa kwembewu. Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, ukuphumula okwengeziwe, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthatha amavithamini okubeletha kusiza kokubili amazinga akho wamandla kanye nempilo yakho yonke [2].

Izinguquko Zomzimba Evikini Lokuqala

Esigabeni sokuqala kakhulu sokukhulelwa, okushayela izinguquko zomzimba kakhulu yilezi zinguquko kuma-hormone, ikakhulukazi i-progesterone ne-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Nakuba la mazinga engase asanda kuqala ukukhuphuka, abanye abantu bazwela kakhulu kuwo. Ngokwesibonelo, ungase uqaphele ukuqunjelwa okuncane okufana nokuhlunguzeka kokuya esikhathini kodwa kunamandla noma isikhathi esihlukile. Lokhu kuqunjelwa kwesinye isikhathi kuhambisana nokufakwa kombungu esibelethweni (implantation), okwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi ngemva kokufakelwa kwesidoda embewini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukopha okuncane, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukopha kokufakwa kombungu, kungavela kwipesenti encane yabesifazane. Kuvamise ukuba nokugeleza okuncane kunezikhathi zokuya esikhathini ezijwayelekile futhi kuhluke nombala, kuvame ukuba mpunga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma nsundu. Nakuba hhayi bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe abahlangabezana nalolu hlobo lokopha okuncane, kungaba olunye uphawu olwenza umuntu acabange ukuthi angase akhulelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi abekulindele. Khumbula ukuthi izimpawu zokukhulelwa zamaviki amabili zingazwakala zifana nalokho okwenzeka ezigabeni zokuqala kakhulu, njengoba iqanda elivundisiwe lisahlezi futhi lizinzisa esibelethweni. Ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi uma unesifiso sokwazi ukuthi mhlawumbe ukhulelwe kodwa awukafiki osukwini olwalulindelwe lokuya esikhathini.

Izimpawu Zengqondo Nemizwa Nokuzizwela

Inhlalakahle yengqondo ibalulekile kakhulu ohambo lwakho lokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala. Ama-hormone anyukayo angakwenza uzwe usondela ekulileni ngezikhathi ongajwayele ukuvelela ngazo, noma uzithole ukhathazeka kalula noma uthukuthele ngokushesha. Ukukhulelwa kwakudala kungabuye kwandise ukuzizwa kwakho ngomzimba wakho nangokuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi. Abanye abantu bazwa ushintsho olukhethekile emoyeni wabo nangaphambi kokuba izimpawu zomzimba zicace ngempela.

Akuyona into engavamile ukuzizwa ukhathazeke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwesibili noma esilandela. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kokuqala kungase kuvele futhi—okumnandi kanye nezinselelo—futhi kunqume kanjani usabela ngokomzwelo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukhumbula ukuthi izimpawu zokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwesithathu zazinjanini kumuntu omaziyo noma ukuthi wena uqobo wazizwa kanjani ngesikhathi sakho sokuqala, lokho kunganezela ulwelwesi lokulindela. Uma ukukhathazeka sekuqala ukudlula injabulo noma ilukuluku, cabanga ukuxoxa ngomuzwa wakho nomlingani wakho, umndeni, noma uchwepheshe wezempilo. Ukwabelana ngemicabango kungasiza ukunciphisa ingcindezi engadingekile futhi kukubeke endleleni ezinzile ngokomzwelo kusukela ekuqaleni [3].

Ukuguquguquka Kwama-Hormone Okuthinta Izimpawu Zokuqala

Umsebenzi wama-hormone uyena “mqondisi” othulile wezimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Amazinga akhuphukayo e-hCG angaholela ekuzizweni ufuna ukuya endlini yangasese kaningi noma andise ukuzwela kwamakhala, okwenza nephunga elijwayelekile lizwakale lukhulu kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-progesterone ivame kunciphisa ijubane lokugaya ukudla, okuholela ekuvuvukaleni okuncane noma ukuqunjelwa. Lezi zinto zivame ukuba yimbangela yezimpawu zokukhulelwa zamaviki amabili, noma ngabe zivele ngaphambi noma ngemva kwalelo zinga lesikhathi elijwayelekile.

Ekukhulelweni kwesibili, ungase uziqaphele lezi zinguquko zama-hormone masinyane ngoba umzimba wakho uyazikhumbula. Abanye besifazane babika ubuhlungu obukhulu nokuzwela emabeleni noma ukuvuvukala kwamabele kusenesikhathi. Abanye baveza ukuthi bazizwa benobuhlungu obuncane esiswini esingezansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhulelwa kwabo kokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi yize lawa maphatheni evamile, akuwona wonke umuntu onawo. Ochwepheshe bezempilo bagcizelela ukuthi ukukhulelwa ngakunye kungashintsha ngokuphelele imithetho mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezivele kuqala nokuthi zinamandla kangakanani.

Izinguquko Ezincane Emikhubeni Yokuphila

Uma usola ukuthi ungase ukhulelwe futhi, imikhuba yakho yansuku zonke ilula ingakudalulela okwenzeka ngaphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uzithola usuthandela kakhulu ukudla okuthile noma unokwenqaba okungajwayelekile kwamaphunga, lokho kungaba izimpawu zokukhulelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungase uqaphele ukuthi iphethini yakho yokulala ishintshile. Ngisho nokuguquka okuncane kwamazinga ama-hormone kungabangela ukungalali kahle noma ukulala okungaphumuli ezinsukwini zokuqala kakhulu [4].

Imikhuba yokuphuza, ikakhulukazi mayelana ne-caffeine noma utshwala, ingashintsha uma umzimba wakho uqala ukwenqaba ukunambitheka noma iphunga lalawa maphephuli. Ukuqaphela lezi zinkomba zokuziphatha kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi uma uhlelwe kakhulu futhi uxuba ukunakekela izingane namathuba okukhulelwa. Kwabesifazane abaningi, ukuqunjelwa kokucindezela (cramping) kusenesikhathi kungaba yisibonakaliso sokuqala sokukhulelwa, kodwa ukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi ukuqunjelwa kokuya esikhathini nokukuqunjelwa kokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni kungakulethela ukuqonda okucacile uma ulandela izimpawu.

Nakuba izimpawu zokukhulelwa evikini lesi-3 zivame ukubonakala ngokuba izimpawu “ezijwayelekile” ezifana nesicanucanu sasekuseni, izinguquko ezincane zingase zenzeke ngisho ngeviki elilodwa ngaphambi kwalokho. Ukuhlanza okuncane noma isicanucanu uma uhlangana namaphunga anamandla kungaba uphawu kwabesifazane abasanda kuqala ukuba omama ukuthi kukhona okwenzekayo, okubakhuthaza ukuthi baqinisekise isimo sabo ngokuhlolwa.

Ukudla Kusenesikhathi Nezinto Zempilo Okufanele Zicatshangelwe

Ukudla okunempilo nokuqaphela izinto zokondleka kubaluleke kakhulu uma usola ukuthi ungase ukhulelwe futhi. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuthola ukuqinisekiswa ngokusemthethweni kokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, kuyanconywa ukuqala noma ukuqhubeka nokuthatha amafutha e-folic acid. I-folic acid isekela ukuthuthuka komsele wokuzalwa kwengqondo (neural tube), okubalulekile kusukela esigabeni sokuqala sombungu. Ukudla okulinganiselayo okunevithamini, amaminerali, nezakhi ezibalulekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho nomntwana ozayo niqala kahle.

Ukulalela ukuzishela noma ukwenqaba ukudla komzimba wakho kungakuhola ekukhetheni ukudla, kodwa ibhalansi isalokhu ibalulekile. Uma uthanda kakhulu imifino emisha, imisipha enyama engeyona enamafutha amaningi, noma ubisi, kungaba uphawu lokuthi umzimba wakho ucelani izakhamzimba ezithile. Ngokuphambene, uma ikhofi selingasamnandi, kungaba indlela yomzimba wakho yokukukhuthaza ukunciphisa i-caffeine. Noma kunjalo, ukugcina umzimba unemifudlana yamanzi eyanele kubalulekile. Ukuphuza amanzi anele kusiza ukugcina amandla, kulawule ukugcinwa koketshezi, futhi kunganciphisa ngisho nobuhlungu bekhanda obuncane obuhlobene nokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni. Yize “izimpawu zokukhulelwa kwesibili ngaphambi kokuphoswa yinyanga” zingahluka, ukubeka phambili ukudla okunempilo yisinyathelo esibalulekile ukuze uzizwe uphilile kangcono.

Indima Yengcindezi Nemvelo

Ingcindezi (stress) inendima enkulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo futhi oyiqonda ngayo izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Uma usuphatha umuzi omatasa kakade noma ubhekene nengcindezi emsebenzini, ungase uzwe ukuthi izimpawu zomzimba wakho zikhuliswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuhlungu bekhanda obuncane, isiyezi, noma ukushintsha kwemizwa kungase kube namandla kakhulu esimweni esicindezelayo. Yize lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokukhulelwa evikini lesi-2, kungase kuvele nasevikweni lokuqala kumuntu ozwa kakhulu izinguquko zomzimba wakhe [5].

Mayelana nemvelo, ama-detergent aqinile asekhaya noma amaphunga athile okupheka angase kungazelelwe abe nokungabekezeleli. Njengoba ama-hormone eshintsha, ukuzwela kumakhemikhali namaphunga kungakhuphuka kakhulu. Lokhu kungaba uphawu oluqinile olwenza abesifazane abaningi bacabange ngokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezingenzeka. Ukunciphisa ingcindezi ngokuzivocavoca okukhanyayo, imisebenzi yokuzindla (mindfulness), noma nje ukuxoxa ngalokho okwenzekayo kungakhelwa umoya ozolile kuwe nomntwana wakho okhulayo.

Umehluko Phakathi Kokukhulelwa Okwesibili Nokwesithathu

Uma uphenya izinsiza eziku-inthanethi, ungase uhlangabezane nezingxoxo ezikhuluma ngezimpawu zokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwesithathu. Nakuba izinqubo eziyisisekelo zomzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zihlala zifana kusukela kokunye ukukhulelwa kuya kokulandelayo, ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiwe kungaletha izinguquko ezincane kancane kancane. Imisipha nezicubu esezake zaluleka izikhathi eziningana zingase zibe buthaka kalula, okuholela ekubeni isibeletho sibonakale masinyane ngaphandle noma kube nomuzwa ohlukile esiswini. Izimpendulo zemizwa nazo zingashintsha. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwesithathu, owesifazane angase azizwe enokuthula kakhulu, njengoba esekade wahlangabezana nalezi zinguquko zama-hormone nezimpilo ezishintshayo kaningi.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuziqhathanisa nabanye ngokweqile. Imithombo yezokuxhumana namaqembu abazali aku-inthanethi angaba wusizo kakhulu, kodwa angabuye adale ukukhathazeka okungadingekile uma ufunda ngezinto ezihlukene kakhulu kunolwazi lwakho. Ukukhulelwa ngakunye—kungaba kokuqala, kwesibili, noma kwesithathu—kunesikhathi sako nezimpawu zalo ezihlukile. Uma kuvela ukudideka, khumbula ukuthi ukuholwa kochwepheshe bezokwelapha yikho okusebenza kahle kakhulu [6].

Isifinyezo

Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala kakhulu zokukhulelwa ngesonto eli-1 ekukhulelweni kwesibili kungakunika amandla futhi kukuvulele isahluko esilandelayo sobumama.

Isigaba sokuqala sokukhulelwa kwesibili singaletha izinkomba ezihlukile ezingakuthusa noma ziqinisekise imibono obukade unayo. Izinguquko ezincane emzimbeni, ukuguquguquka kwemizwa, kanye nokuqaphela kakhulu izinguquko zomzimba kungaba yizimpawu zakho zokuqala zokuthi ungase ukhulelwe futhi. Nakuba kuvamile ukulindela ukuthi uhambo lwakho lube njengolokuqala, umzimba wakho ungase uphendule ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele kulokhu, okwenza ulwazi lwakho lube mnandi futhi lwehluke.

Kusukela ezimpawini zokukhulelwa zamaviki amabili kuya ekuboneni ukwenqaba okuncane kokudla, isibonakaliso ngasinye singakhombisa ukuthi impilo entsha iqala ukwakheka. Ukuqonda okutholayo ngokuba uqaphele kusenesikhathi kungakusiza ukuthi uzinakekele wena nomntwana wakho kusukela ekuqaleni. Ekugcineni, ukwethemba imizwa yakho, ukufuna iseluleko sochwepheshe uma kudingeka, nokwamukela inethiwekhi yokusekelwa ezungezile kuzokwakha indlela yohambo lokukhulelwa olugcwele injabulo. Noma ngabe ubhekene nezimpawu zokukhulelwa evikini lesi-3 noma uzwa “izimpawu zokukhulelwa kwesibili ngaphambi kokuphoswa yinyanga,” kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isibonakaliso ngasinye sinenjongo, sikuholela ekuqinisekisweni kokuthi umndeni wakho usuzokhula futhi.

Izinkomba

1. American Pregnancy Association. (2015). Izimpawu zokukhulelwa—Izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Kutholwe ngoNdasa 04, 2025, ku-https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/are-you-pregnant/pregnancy-signs-symptoms/
2. Cai Y, Shen Z, Zhou B, Zheng X, Li Y, Liu Y, Yang J, Xie N, Chen H. Psychological Status During the Second Pregnancy and Its Influencing Factors. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2022 Aug 26;16:2355-2363. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S374628. PMID: 36051491; PMCID: PMC9427205.
3. Bjelica A, Kapor-Stanulović N. Trudnoća kao psiholoski dogadaj [Ukukhulelwa njengomcimbi wengqondo]. Med Pregl. 2004 Mar-Apr;57(3-4):144-8. Serbian. doi: 10.2298/mpns0404144b. PMID: 15462597.
4. March of Dimes. (2013). Ukungakhululeki okuvamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kutholwe ngoNdasa 04, 2025, ku-https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/common-discomforts-of-pregnancy.aspx
5. American Pregnancy Association. (2015). Ukushintsha kwemizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kutholwe ngoNdasa 04, 2025, ku-https://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-health/mood-swings-during-pregnancy/
6. Bjelica A. Dozivljaj stresogenosti trudnoće i strategije prevladavanja stresa kod zena sa hipertenzijom indukovanom trudnoćom [Ukukhulelwa njengomcimbi ogcwele ingcindezi yempilo nezindlela zokubhekana nengcindezi kwabesifazane abanezifo zokukhuphuka kwegazi ezidalwe ukukhulelwa]. Med Pregl. 2004 Jul-Aug;57(7-8):363-8. Serbian. doi: 10.2298/mpns0408363b. PMID: 15626294.