Ukwelashwa Kokungabi Nenzalo

Ukungabi nenzalo kuthinta izigidi zababhangqwana emhlabeni jikelele. Wonke 1 kubantu abayi-6 sekubone uhlobo oluthile lokungabi nenzalo empilweni yabo, okubashiya bedabukile ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba. Kube inkinga evamile emashumini eminyaka, kodwa imithi yesimanje nezinhlobo zokwelashwa sekwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi wonke umuntu abe nezingane. Kule ndatshana, sizohlola izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha ukungabi nenzalo ezitholakala eduze kwakho. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, ake sithole okuningi mayelana nencazelo yokungabi nenzalo futhi siphendule lo mbuzo ovamile kakhulu – Ingabe ukungabi nenzalo kungelapheka? Thola usizo olufanele ngokwazi konke mayelana nokwelashwa kokungabi nenzalo.

Kuyini Ukungabi Nenzalo?

Ngaphambi kokungena ezinkethweni zokwelashwa, ake sichaze ukungabi nenzalo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezempilo, incazelo yokungabi nenzalo ukuthi ukungakwazi ukukhulelwa ngemuva konyaka wocansi olungajwayelekile, olungenamkhawulo wokuvikela inzalo. Kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35, lesi sikhathi sincishiswa sibe yizinyanga eziyisithupha. Lokhu kusebenza kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane, njengoba ukungabi nenzalo kungathinta noma ubani. Umbuzo othi kuyini incazelo yokungabi nenzalo udinga izimpendulo ezingaphezu kokuthi ukungakwazi ukukhulelwa. Ungasho futhi ukuthi owesifazane akakwazi ukuphatha ukukhulelwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa. [1].

Yini Ebanga Ukungabi Nenzalo?

Kukhona uhla olubanzi lwezinto ezingabangela ukungabi nenzalo kubo kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane. Izimbangela ezivamile kwabesifazane zifaka izinkinga ekuvuleni iqanda, imithambo ye-fallopian evinjiwe, noma izimo ezifana ne-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Kwabesilisa, ukungabi nenzalo kuvame ukubangelwa inani eliphansi lesidoda, ukunganyakazi kahle kwamasidoda, noma ukuvinjwa emgudwini wokuzala. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kokubili ozakwenu kungenzeka kudingeke bahlolwe udokotela uma nifuna usizo lokwelapha ukungabi nenzalo.

Izinhlobo Zokwelashwa Kokungabi Nenzalo

Manje, kuyini ukwelashwa kokungabi nenzalo? Kuncike ngokuphelele embangweni. Manje usunokuningi okungukuthi izindlela zokwelapha ukungabi nenzalo ongakhetha kuzo, kuye ngembangela eyisisekelo yokungabi nenzalo. Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ukungabi nenzalo ezivame kakhulu zifaka phakathi:

1. Imithi: Imithi ivame ukuba yisinyathelo sokuqala ekwelapheni ukungakwazi ukuzala, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanezinkinga zokuvuthwa kwamaqanda. Imithi yokukhulisa inzalo efana ne-Clomid noma imijovo yama-hormone ingakhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda futhi isize ukulawula umjikelezo wokuzalanisa. Le mithi ivamise ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukungakwazi ukuzala [2].
2. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): I-IUI iyindlela yokwelapha ukungakwazi ukuzala ebandakanya ukufakwa kwesidoda ngokuqondile esibelethweni sowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa uma ozakwabo wesilisa enesibalo esiphansi sesidoda noma ukuhamba kwaso kungeluhle. I-IUI iyinqubo engeyona ehlaselayo kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukungakwazi ukuzala, okwenza ibe indlela ethandwa imibhangqwana eminingi [3].
3. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): I-IVF ingenye yezindlela zokwelapha ukungakwazi ukuzala ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezithuthukile. Ngenkathi le nqubo iqhubeka, amaqanda akhishwa ema-ovary bese efakelwa isidoda elabhorethri. I-embryo ekhiqizwayo bese idluliselwa esibelethweni. I-IVF ivame ukunconywa uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi noma ezimeni zokungakwazi ukuzala okukhulu. Abaningi bayazibuza, ingabe ukungakwazi ukuzala kungelapheka nge-IVF? Nakuba i-IVF ingelaphisi inkinga eyisisekelo, ivame ukusiza imibhangqwana ukuthi ithole ukukhulelwa [4].
4. Ukuhlinzwa: Kwezinye izimbhangqwana, ukuhlinzwa kungase kudingeke ukuze kwelashwe izimo ezisemqoka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinqubo zokukhipha ama-fibroid, ukulungisa amapayipi we-fallopian avinjiwe, noma ukwelapha i-endometriosis. Ukuhlinzwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba embhangqwana okukhulelwa [5].
5. Amaqanda noma Isidoda Esinikelwe: Kwezinye izimo, ukungakwazi ukuzala kungabangelwa ikhwalithi embi yamaqanda noma isidoda. Ukusebenzisa amaqanda noma isidoda esinikelwe kuwukukhetha okuvamile kokwelapha ukungakwazi ukuzala emibhangqwaneni ebhekene nalezi zinkinga. Inqubo ifana ne-IVF kodwa isebenzisa amaqanda noma isidoda esivela kumuntu onikela.
6. Ukumithisa ngomuntu wesikhundla (surrogacy): Kwabesifazane abangakwazi ukuphatha ukukhulelwa, ukumithisa ngomuntu wesikhundla kungaba isixazululo. Ku-surrogacy, owesifazane okhethiwe uphatha ukukhulelwa egameni labazali abaqondiwe. Lokhu kukhethwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa imibhangqwana esivele isebenzise ezinye zonke izindlela zokwelapha ukungakwazi ukuzala [6].
7. Ubuchwepheshe Bokuzalanisa Obusizwayo (ART): I-ART ihlanganisa izinqubo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, okuhlanganisa i-IVF, i-gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), ne-zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT). Lezi zindlela ezithuthukile zinikeza usizo oluningi lokuthola inzalo emibhangqwaneni ebe ihluleke kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukungakwazi ukuzala [7].

Ukwelashwa Kokungazali Kwabesifazane

Kwabesifazane, ukwelashwa kokungazali kwencike embangeleni ethile yokungazali. Ukwelashwa okuvamile kufaka:

• Ukuvuselelwa Kokukhishwa Kweqanda (Ovulation Induction): Imithi yokukhulisa ukuzala isetshenziswa ukuvuselela ukukhishwa kweqanda (ovulation) kwabesifazane abangakhishi amaqanda njalo. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yisinyathelo sokuqala ekwelapheni ukungazali kwabesifazane.
• Ukuhlinzwa Ngekhamera (Laparoscopic Surgery): Ezimweni ze-endometriosis noma imigudu yama-fallopian evalekile, ukuhlinzwa ngekhamera (laparoscopic surgery) kungasiza. Lolu hlinzo olungenzima kakhulu lusiza ukuthuthukisa amandla okukhulelwa ngokususa izithiyo zomzimba ezivimba ukukhulelwa.
• Ukugcinwa Kwezinhlamvu Zamaqanda (Egg Freezing): Kwabesifazane ababhekene nokwehla kwamandla okuzala okuhlobene neminyaka noma labo abahlinzekwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ukugcinwa kwezinqanda-zisu (egg freezing) kunikeza ithuba lokugcina amandla okukhiqiza izingane. Le ndlela ivumela abesifazane ukuba bagcine amaqanda abo ukuze bawasebenzise esikhathini esizayo.

Ukungazali Emadodeni

Nakuba iningi lokugxila likwelashweni kokungazali kwabafazi, amadoda nawo abhekana nezinkinga zokungazali. Ukwelashwa kokungazali emadodeni ngokuvamile kufaka:

• Imithi: Ukungalingani kwamahomoni noma izifo ezithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli wesidoda kungelashwa kaningi ngemithi.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kokulungisa: Uma imbangela yokungazali ibangelwa ukuvinjelwa emgodleni wokuzalana, ukuhlinzwa kungalungisa lezi zinkinga futhi kuthuthukise ukugeleza kwamaseli wesidoda.
• Amasu Okukhipha Amaseli Wesidoda: Emadodeni anesibalo esiphansi kakhulu samaseli wesidoda noma engenawo nhlobo amaseli wesidoda ejakulethini yawo, amasu afana nokukhipha amaseli wesidoda esendaweni yamahqolo (testicular sperm extraction, TESE) angakhipha amaseli wesidoda ukuze asetshenziswe ku-ART.

Amaqiniso Ngokungazali Nezinkulumo Ezingamanga

Lapho kuxoxwa amaqiniso ngokungazali, kubalulekile ukuchaza imiqondo engalungile evamile. Omunye umbono ongafanele ukuthi ukungazali kuyinkinga yabesifazane kuphela. Eqinisweni, ukungazali kuthinta amadoda nabesifazane ngendlela efanayo. Olunye ukukholelwa okuvamile ukuthi ukungazali kungelapheka ngokwelashwa okukodwa, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kokukhulisa ukuzala kwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa kunokuthi “kwelaphe” ukungazali.

Ingakanani Ithuba Lokuphumelela?

Amazinga empumelelo ayahluka kuye ngohlobo lokwelashwa lokuzala olusetshenziswayo, iminyaka yabantu, kanye nobangelwa ukungazali. Isibonelo, abesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-35 abasebenzisa i-IVF baba namazinga aphakeme empumelelo kunabesifazane abadala. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa nalezi zinto nochwepheshe wezokuzala ukuze uqonde izinketho zokuzala ezingcono kakhulu esimweni sakho.

Ingabe Ukungazali Kungelapheka?

Omunye wemibuzo ebuzwa kakhulu uthi, ingelashwa yini inkinga yokungazali? Impendulo ukuthi kuncike kubangelayo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa noma imithi kungaxazulula inkinga. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izithandani eziningi, ukwelashwa kokuzala kwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa kunokunikeza ikhambi elingunaphakade.

Izinketho Zosizo Lokuzala

Kubafuna usizo lokuzala, izinketho azipheli. Kusukela ekushintsheni indlela yokuphila okulula kuya ezinqubweni zezokwelapha ezithuthukile, kukhona uhla olubanzi lwezindlela zosizo lokuzala ezikhona. Noma ngabe usaqala uhambo lwakho noma usube usuzamile iminyaka, ukubonisana nochwepheshe wezokuzala kungakusiza ukhethe izinketho ezingcono kakhulu zokwelapha ukungazali.

Amazwi Okugcina

Ukwelashwa kokungazali sekudlulele phambili eminyakeni yamuva, kunika izigidi zezithandani emhlabeni ithemba. Noma ngabe ngukusebenzisa imithi, ukuhlinzwa, noma ubuchwepheshe bokuzala obuthuthukile, kukhona izinketho eziningi zokwelashwa kokungazali ezitholakalayo. Ukuqonda incazelo yokungazali, ukufuna usizo ngesikhathi, nokuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zosizo lokuzala kungathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuqala umndeni. Ngokuhlala unolwazi nokusebenza nochwepheshe bezokuzala, ungakhetha ukwelashwa kokungazali okuhambisana kangcono nezidingo zakho.

Imithombo

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556033/ 
2. https://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/fertility-drugs 
3. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-20384722 
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562266/ 
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4086009/ 
6. https://www.rbmojournal.com/article/S1472-6483(24)00491-7/fulltext 
7. https://www.cdc.gov/art/whatis.html 

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