Izinzuzo Zama-Vithamini Ezembeleko Amancane Kwabesifazane Abakhulelweyo

Izinguquko ezihlobene nokukhulelwa emzimbeni wowesifazane zandisa kakhulu izidingo zakhe zokudla okunomsoco. Nakuba ukudla okunesisindo esilinganiselayo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zomzimba, akuhlali kwanele.

Lapha yilapho amavithamini okukhulelwa asiza khona omama abakhulelwe. Lezi izithasiselo zokudla eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile eziqukethe amavithamini namaminerali amaningi abalulekile kowesifazane okhulelwe [1]. Nokho, amavithamini okukhulelwa awafani wonke, futhi abanye besifazane bakuthola kunzima ukuthatha amaphilisi amakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ngenxa yalokhu kunamavithamini okukhulelwa amancane. Lawa mancane kunamaphilisi ajwayelekile kodwa awanciphisi ama-nutrient asemqoka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzothola wonke ama-nutrient abalulekile okukhulelwa kumaphilisi amancane alula ukuwagwinya.

Ama-nutrient akumavithamini okukhulelwa

Amavithamini okukhulelwa aqukethe amavithamini namaminerali abalulekile axhasa impilo yomama nomntwana okhula. Imikhiqizo ehlukene isebenzisa inhlanganisela ehlukile yama-nutrient kwizithasiselo zayo kodwa ama-nutrient asemqoka ngokuvamile ayefana kwizithasiselo zekhwalithi enhle.

Kulabo abazibuza ukuthi amavithamini okukhulelwa awusizo yini nangaphandle kokukhulelwa, ungase ufune ukufunda kabanzi ngo ukuthi ingabe ungawathatha amavithamini okukhulelwa ungakhulelwe futhi uqonde izinzuzo ezingaba khona noma imiphumela emibi yawo.

Nawa amanye ama-nutrient abalulekile akumavithamini okukhulelwa kanye nendima yawo:

1. I-folic acid

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-folic acid isiza ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni womntwana, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa [2]. Iphinde isize ekuthuthukisweni kwengqondo kwengane futhi isekele impilo kamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

2. Iron

Umzimba wakho udinga insimbi ukuze kwakhiwe igazi. Isidingo sensimbi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sikhula kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwegazi emzimbeni kamama [3]. Ukuntuleka kwensimbi ngalesi sikhathi kungaholela ekubeni umama abe nesifo sohudo lwegazi (anemia), okuthinta kabi ukukhula kwengane futhi kwandise ingozi yezinkinga zokukhulelwa.

3. Calcium

Umzimba kamama udinga ukwengezwa kwe-calcium ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuze kusekelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwamathambo namazinyo engane. Uma umama engatholi i-calcium eyanele, ingane izoyithatha emathanjeni akhe, okungabenza bame babe buthaka [4]. Amazinga e-calcium anele aphinde asekele ukusebenza kwamasu kanye nemizwa okuhle kokubili umama nengane.

4. Vitamin D

I-Vitamin D isiza umzimba ukumunca i-calcium, ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amathambo engane. Iphinde isekele amasosha omzimba engane, abalulekile ukuvikela ingane ezifweni nasegciwaneni. Kumama, i-vitamin D igcina amathambo eqinile futhi isekele impilo yonke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

5. DHA

I-DHA iwuhlobo lwe-fatty acid ye-omega-3 ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho. Izinga elanele le-DHA ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa likhuthaza ukuthuthuka okunempilo kobuchopho namehlo enganeni [5]. Kusiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwengqondo nentuthuko yememori enganeni futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zokukhulelwa.

Ayini Amavithamini Amancane Okukhulelwa?

Amavithamini amancane okukhulelwa angamathasiselo okubeletha aklanyelwe ukuba mancane ngosayizi. Enzelwe abesifazane abahlushwa ukugwinya amaphilisi amakhulu, inkinga evamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yesicanucanu noma ukusabela ngokushesha kokuhlanza.

Naphezu kosayizi wawo omncane wamavithamini amancane okukhulelwa, asawagcina wonke amazakhamzimba abalulekile okukhulelwa. Nokho, amanye angase abe nemithamo ephansi kancane uma kuqhathaniswa namavithamini ajwayelekile okukhulelwa.

Izinzuzo Zamavithamini Amancane Okukhulelwa

1. Kulula Ukugwinya: Usayizi wamaphilisi amancane amavithamini okukhulelwa uwenza alula ukugwinya, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane ababhekene nesicanucanu sasekuseni, esivamile ekotini yokuqala yokukhulelwa.
2. Imikhuba yansuku zonke enokucindezeleka okuncane: Amathablethi amancane anganciphisa ukukhathazeka noma ukungakhululeki okuhlobene nokuthatha izithasiselo nsuku zonke.
3. Afanele Izisu Ezibucayi: Amavithamini amaningi e-prenatal amancane aqukethe izithako ezilula ukugaywa, ngakho-ke athambile esiswini.

Ingabe amavithamini e-prenatal amancane ayasebenza kahle?

Amavithamini e-prenatal amancane angase asebenze kahle uma enikeza amazinga afanele ezakhi zokudla ezisemqoka. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola ilebula futhi uqinisekise ukuthi aqukethe wonke amavithamini namaminerali abalulekile anconywe udokotela wakho. Amanye amavithamini e-prenatal amancane angase adinge ukuthi uthathe amathablethi amaningi ngosuku ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zokudla.

Okubalulekile

PAmavithamini e-prenatal asiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudla ezikhulayo zomzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngendlela elula. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, abesifazane abakhulelwe baba nesicanucanu noma ukugabha ekuseni (morning sickness) ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Lokhu kungenza kungajabulisi ukugwinya amathablethi anosayizi ojwayelekile nsuku zonke, bese befuna amavithamini okukhulelwa alula ukuwagwinya.

Kulezi zimo, amavithamini e-prenatal amancane angasiza. Lawa mavithamini e-prenatal mancane ngosayizi uma uwiqhathanisa, kodwa angaqukatha zonke izakhi zokudla ezisemqoka umzimba kamama azidingayo ukuze ukukhulelwa kube nempilo. Usayizi wawo omncane wenza kube lula kumama okhulelwe ukuhlala enohlelo olujwayelekile lokuthatha amavithamini e-prenatal.

Izinsiza Esetshenzisiwe

1. Adams, J. B., Kirby, J. K., Sorensen, J. C., Pollard, E. L., & Audhya, T. (2022b). Maternal Health Neonatology and Perinatology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9 
2. Greenberg, J. A., Bell, S. J., Guan, Y., & Yu, Y. (n.d.-b). Izithasiselo ze-folic acid nokukhulelwa: okungaphezulu kokuvimbela kuphela ukungasebenzi kahle komzila wengqondo (neural tube). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3218540/ 
3. Gandhi, M. H., & Gupta, V. (2023b, April 24). IFisioloji, igazi likamama. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557783/ 
4. Tihtonen, K., Korhonen, P., Isojärvi, J., Ojala, R., Ashorn, U., Ashorn, P., & Tammela, O. (2021). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1509(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14705 
5. Lauritzen, L., Brambilla, P., Mazzocchi, A., Harsløf, L., Ciappolino, V., & Agostoni, C. (2016). Imiphumela ye-DHA ekuthuthukisweni nasekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Nutrients, 8(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010006