Izingozi zokuba nomntwana uneminyaka engu-32: Ukubhekana nezingcuphe ezingaba khona zokukhulelwa

Ukukhulelwa uhambo oluguqula impilo, kanti abesifazane abaningi namuhla bakhetha ukuqala imindeni yabo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yabo yama-thirties. Nakuba ukuthuthuka kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwenze kuphephe kakhulu kunakuqala ukuthi abesifazane kuleli qembu leminyaka bakhulelwe futhi bazale izingane ezinempilo, kuvamile ukuzibuza ngezinkinga ezingaba khona nezingcuphe zokuba nengane uneminyaka engu-32. Lesi sihloko sichaza izingozi ezingaba khona ezihambisana nokukhulelwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-thirties futhi sinikeza imibono ewusizo yokuthi ungazibhekana kanjani nazo ukuze ube nokukhulelwa nokubeletha okunempilo.

Indlela Ubudala Obuthinta Ngayo Ukukhulelwa Nekwazi Ukukhulelwa

Ikhono lokukhulelwa liqala ukwehla kancane ngemva kokuphela kweminyaka yama-twenties kowesifazane, ngokwehla okusobala kakhulu okuqala cishe eneminyaka engu-32. Ngalesi sikhathi, inqwaba yamaqanda kowesifazane—ubuningi nekhwalithi yawo—seyikuqalile ukuncipha. Nakuba abesifazane abaningi besakwazi ukukhulelwa ngokwemvelo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yabo yama-thirties, inqubo ingase ithathe isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka yabo yama-twenties.

Kulabo abazibuza ukuthi, “Ingabe iminyaka engu-33 imdala kakhulu yokuba nengane?” impendulo iyabonisa ukuthi cha. Abesifazane abaningi bayakwazi ukukhulelwa nokubeletha izingane ezinempilo baze bafike nasekuqaleni kwama-forties. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda izingozi ezingaba khona nokuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuze uqinisekise ukukhulelwa okuphephile.

Ingozi Yokukhulelwa Ngokuya Ngeminyaka: Okufanele Ukwazi Lapho Uneminyaka engu-32

Nakuba izingozi zokukhulelwa ngokuya ngeminyaka ziphansi kakhulu kwabesifazane abasekuqaleni kweminyaka yabo yama-thirties uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka emidala, zikhona. Nawa amanye amaphuzu amqoka okufanele ukunaka:

1. Ukwehla Kokukwazi Ukukhulelwa: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambilini, ikhwalithi yamaqanda kanye nenani lawo esibelethweni (ovarian reserve) kuqala ukwehla ngemva kweminyaka engu-32. Lokhu kungandisa amathuba okudinga ukwelashwa kokuzala, njengokufakelwa iqanda esibelethweni (in vitro fertilization, IVF), ukuze ukhulelwe [1].
2. Ukukhula Kwengcuphe Yokungajwayelekile Kwamachromosome: Ingozi yokungajwayelekile kwamachromosome, njengokuthi i-Down syndrome, iqala ukukhuphuka ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-thirties. Kowesifazane oneminyaka engu-32, le ngozi icishe ibe ngu-1 ku-900, kuqhathaniswa no-1 ku-1,480 kowesifazane oneminyaka engu-25 [2].
3. Ingozi Yokuphuma Kwesibeletho: Izinga lokuphuma kwesisu nalo lenyuka kancane ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Lapho uneminyaka engu-32, ingozi yokuphuma kwesisu isemkhawulweni ongaba ngu-12-15%, kuqhathaniswa no-10% kwabesifazane abancane [3].
4. Izinkinga Zokukhulelwa Ngesikhathi Sovivinyo: Abesifazane abasekuqaleni kweminyaka yabo yama-thirties bangase babhekane nengozi encane eyengeziwe yezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, umfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ne-preeclampsia. Lezi zimo zivame ukuphathwa kahle uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi futhi kunakekelwe ngokomzimba nangokwelashwa [4].
5. Ukubeletha Okuthatha Isikhathi Eside noma Ukukhula Kwamathuba Okungenelelwa Kwezokwelashwa: Abesifazane abasebudaleni bama-30 bangase babe nokubeletha okuthatha isikhathi eside noma kube nethuba elikhulu lokudinga ukusizwa njengokuhlinzwa kwe-caesarean. Lokhu kungenxa yezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala kumzimba nasekusebenzeni kwawo.

Indlela yokunciphisa izingozi zokukhulelwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yakho yama-30

Nakana noma kunezingozi ezithile ezihambisana nokuba nengane uneminyaka engu-32, eziningi zalezi zingancishiswa ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo okusebenzayo nezinguquko endleleni yokuphila. Nawa amanye amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa okunempilo:

1. Ukuhlela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa: Hlela ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa nodokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangahlola impilo yakho yonke, babhekane nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo, futhi batusa amavithamini angaphambi kokubeletha, kuhlanganise ne-folic acid, ukuze ulungiselele umzimba wakho ukukhulelwa. Ukwengeza isithasiselo esifana ne-Conceive Plus Ukusekelwa Kokuzala Kwabesifazane emkhubeni wakho wansuku zonke kungasiza ukusekela ibhalansi yamahomoni nempilo yokuzala phakathi nohambo lwakho lokuzala.
2. Ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha okuvamile: Uma usukhulelwe, ukuvakashela udokotela ngaphambi kokubeletha njalo kubalulekile ukuqapha impilo yakho nentuthuko yengane yakho. Ukuthola kusenesikhathi izinkinga ezingase zivele kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emiphumeleni.
3. Gcina indlela yokuphila enempilo: Ukudla ukudla okunempilo okunamlinganiselo, ukuhlala usebenza ngomzimba, nokugwema izinto eziyingozi ezifana nogwayi, utshwala, nezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa kubalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
4. Phatha kahle izifo ezingamahlalakhona: Uma unalesi sifo usunaso ngaphambi kokukhulelwa njengoshukela noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze usilawule kahle ngaphambi nangaphakathi sokukhulelwa.
5. Qapha isisindo sakho: Ukwanda kakhulu noma ukungakhuli ngokwanele kwesisindo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungandisa ingozi yezinkinga. Landela izincomo zomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nokukhuluphala okuphilile ngokusekelwe esisindweni sakho sokuqala.
6. Ukwelulekwa nokuhlolwa kofuzo: Izivivinyo zokuhlolwa kofuzo zinganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nengozi yokungajwayelekile kwamakromozomu nezinye izimo. Xoxa nalezi zinketho nodokotela wakho ukuze ninqume okulungele wena.

Ukulinganisela umsebenzi, umndeni, nokukwazi ukuzala

Abesifazane abaningi bahlehlisa ukukhulelwa baze bangene eminyakeni yaboshlanu ukuze bagxile emisebenzini yabo noma emigomweni yabo yomuntu siqu. Nakuba lesi sinqumo sivunyelwe ngokuphelele, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele izingqinamba ezingase zivele ekuzaleni njengoba iminyaka ihamba. Abesifazane abahlela ukubambezela ukukhulelwa bangacabanga ngezinketho ezifana nokuqandisa amaqanda ukuze bagcine ukukwazi kwabo ukuzala. 

Izingxenye zomzwelo nezenhlalo zokukhulelwa useminyakeni engu-32

Ukukhulelwa uneminyaka engu-32 kuvame ukuza nokuvuthwa ngokomzwelo nokuzinza okukhulu, okungaba nomthelela omuhle ekukhuliseni izingane. Abesifazane abaningi abasekulesi sigaba seminyaka bazizwa belungele kangcono ngokwezimali nangokomzwelo ukubhekana nezinselele zobuzali. Nokho, ingcindezi evela emphakathini nemibuzo enjengokuthi “Ingabe u-33 mdala kakhulu ukuba nengane?” ngezinye izikhathi kungadala ingcindezi engadingekile. Kubalulekile ukugxila kokuzwakala kukulungele kuwena nomndeni wakho kunokulandela imibono yabanye abantu.

Ngenkathi abesifazane behlola izinketho zabo zohlelo lokuzala, ukuqonda izinselele namathuba okukhulelwa ngemva kweminyaka engu-40 kunganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Inqubekela phambili ekunakekelweni kwezempilo zabesifazane abakhulelwe

Ngenxa yenqubekela phambili ekunakekelweni kwezempilo zabesifazane abakhulelwe, abesifazane abasekuqaleni kweminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu banokufinyelela ebangeni elibanzi lamathuluzi nobuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa okunempilo. Kusukela ezithombeni ze-ultrasound ezithuthukile kuya ekuhlolweni kokukhulelwa okungangeni ngaphakathi (NIPT), lezi zinto ezintsha ziletha ukuthula kwengqondo futhi zisize ekutholeni izinkinga ezingase zivele zisencane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokunakekelwa ezenzelwe umuntu ngamunye kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo abanokweseka kwenza kube lula kakhulu kunakuqala ukuthi abesifazane babhekane nokukhulelwa eminyakeni yabo engamashumi amathathu.

Okubalulekile

Ukuba nengane uneminyaka engu-32 kuyisinqumo somuntu uqobo esithonywa izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa impilo, umsebenzi nezinhloso zomndeni. Yize kunezingozi ezithile zokuba nengane uneminyaka engu-32 ezihambisana nokukhulelwa emashumini amathathu okuqala, lezi zingozi ngokuvamile zingalawulwa kahle ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo okufanele nokwenziwa kwezinqumo ngendlela ophila ngayo. Kulabo abazibuza imibuzo enjengokuthi “Ingabe u-33 mdala kakhulu ukuba nengane?” impendulo isekutheni uqonda ukuthi iminyaka yobudala iyinto eyodwa kuphela phakathi kwezinto eziningi ezinkulu. Ngokulungiselela ngendlela efanele nokwesekwa, abesifazane abasekuqaleni kweminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu bangaba nokukhulelwa okunempilo futhi bajabulele injabulo yokuba ngabazali.

Izinkomba:

1. Kesharwani DK, Mohammad S, Acharya N, Joshi KS. Ukuzala ngokuncipha kusenesikhathi kwe-ovarian reserve. Cureus. 2022 Oct 15;14(10):e30326. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30326. PMID: 36407155; PMCID: PMC9662254.
2. Carlson LM, Vora NL. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha: izivivinyo zokuhlola namathuluzi okuxilonga. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2017 Jun;44(2):245-256. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2017.02.004. PMID: 28499534; PMCID: PMC5548328.
3. Magnus MC, Wilcox AJ, Morken NH, Weinberg CR, Håberg SE. Indima yobudala bukamama nomlando wokukhulelwa engozini yokulahleka kwesisu: ucwaningo olususelwe kwirejista olubheke phambili. BMJ. 2019 Mar 20;364:l869. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l869. PMID: 30894356; PMCID: PMC6425455.
4. Amiri FN, Faramarzi M, Bakhtiari A, Omidvar S. Izici eziyingozi ze-gestational diabetes mellitus: ucwaningo lwecala-nokulawula. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2018 Aug 9;15(2):184-190. doi: 10.1177/1559827618791980. PMID: 33786034; PMCID: PMC7958210.