Kuyini i-pre-natal futhi kungani kubalulekile ekukhulelweni

Uma uhlelela ukuba nengane noma usukhulelwe kakade, kukhona into eyodwa ongafanele uyishiywe: ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha. Lena ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni wena nengane yakho ninempilo. Kusukela ekuyeni kudokotela kuya ekudleni kahle nasekuthatheni amavithamini afanele, ukunakekelwa kokukhulelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kuhlanganisa konke lokho. Kodwa okokuqala, ake sikhulume ukuthi kuyini ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha nokuthi kungani kubaluleke kangaka. Lolu hambo alukhulumi nje ngokubeletha ingane; limayelana nokumnika ukuqala okuhle empilweni kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuphepha kwakho nawe.

Kuyini Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha Futhi Kungani Kubalulekile?

Ngokukufingqa, ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kuwukunakekelwa okutholayo ngaphambi nangaphakathi kokukhulelwa. Kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela wakho noma umbelethisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuthuthuka kwengane yakho kuhamba kahle nokuthi nawe uhlala unempilo. Kuphinde kukunike ithuba lokubuza imibuzo, wabelane ngezinkathazo, futhi ufunde ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho.

Kungani kubalulekile? Ngoba ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele, ezinye izinkinga zingahle zingabonakali futhi ziholele ezinkingeni kuwe noma enganeni yakho. Ngokwesibonelo, izinto ezifana nokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sikashukela zingabanjwa zisencane futhi ziphathwe kahle. Futhi lezi zivakashi azimayelana nokuhlolwa nokuskenwa kuphela. Zikuphinde zikusize ulungiselele ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo izinguquko ezinkulu ezizayo.

Uma uqala ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha masinyane, kuba ngcono. Kuhle nakakhulu ukuya kudokotela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa uma ukwazi. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ulungise impilo yakho ukuze umzimba wakho ulungele ukuphatha ingane [1].

Kungani Kufanele Ulungiselele Ngaphambi Kokukhulelwa

Ukuhlela kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kungaletha umehluko omkhulu. Lesi sinyathelo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa (preconception planning), futhi simayelana nokulungiselela umzimba nengqondo yakho. Enye yezinto zokuqala okufanele uzenze? Qala ukuthatha i-multivitamin engcono kakhulu equkethe i-folic acid. Lesi sakhi sincane kodwa sinamandla. Sisiza ubuchopho nengalo yomgogodla yengane yakho ukuthi kuthuthuke kahle futhi sehlise ingozi yokukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa [2].

Odokotela batusa ukuthatha imikrogremu engu-400 kuya ku-800 ye-folic acid nsuku zonke okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa. Ungase ucabange ukuthi ungathola zonke izakhamzimba ozidingayo ekudleni, kodwa lokho akuhlali kunjalo. Izithasiselo zingagcwalisa izikhala ziqinisekise ukuthi umzimba wakho unakho konke okudingayo ukusekela ukukhulelwa.

Kuyisixazululo esihle futhi ukuthi uxoxe nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izifo noma izimo zempilo onazo. I-diabetes, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, izinkinga ze-thyroid, noma ngisho nengcindezi, kungathinta ikhono lakho lokukhulelwa noma lokuthwala ukukhulelwa kuze kube sekugcineni. Ukuphathwa kwalezi zinkinga kusenesikhathi, kuba ngcono.

Futhi ungakhohlwa ngezinguquko zendlela yokuphila. Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala? Sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka. Lezi zinto zingalimaza kokubili ukukwazi kwakho ukuzala nomntwana wakho wesikhathi esizayo. Ukudla kahle, ukuhlala usebenzisana ngomzimba, nokulawula ingcindezi kungasiza ukulungisa umzimba wakho ukuthi ube sesimweni esingcono kakhulu sokukhulelwa [3].

Yiziphi Izakhamzimba Ezingathuthukisa Ukuzala Futhi Zisekele Ukukhulelwa

Izakhamzimba zinembe kakhulu ekuzaleni nasekugcineni impilo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma usuzame ukukhulelwa, ukwengeza amavithamini namaminerali afanele ekudleni kwakho kungaletha umehluko. Thatha i-folic acid, isibonelo. Ingamunye wamakhemikhali abaluleke kakhulu ekukhulelweni. Isisiza ukuvikela ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube futhi isekele ukuthuthuka kokuqala kwengane yakho.

Bese kuba khona i-myo-inositol ne-d-chiro inositol. Lezi zisiza kakhulu kwabesifazane ababhekene ne-PCOS ngoba zithuthukisa ukuthela (ovulation) nokulinganisa amahomoni. I-L-arginine ingesinye isakhamzimba esihle. Isisiza ukukhulisa ukugeleza kwegazi ukuya ezithweni zokuzala, okungathuthukisa amathuba okukhulelwa.

I-CoQ10 nayo iyinto okumele ube nayo, ikakhulukazi uma useneminyaka eminingi noma usuvele uzamile isikhathi eside. I-antioxidant evikela amaqanda akho namasperm ekulimazweni futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yawo. Ezinye izakhamzimba ezisizayo zifaka i-zinc, i-magnesium, ne-vitamin C. Ngayinye inomsebenzi wayo ohlukile, kusukela ekusekeleni impilo yamahomoni kuya ekuthuthukiseni amasosha omzimba [4].

Ukufaka lokhu emkhubeni wakho wansuku zonke, kungaba ngokudla noma ngezithasiselo, kungaletha umehluko omkhulu ekuzaleni kwakho.

Indlela Ukunakekelwa Kwesikhathi Sokukhulelwa Okulandela Ngayo Ukukhulelwa Kwakho

Ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha akukhona nje ukuthatha amavithamini. Kumayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle kuwo wonke amazinga okukhulelwa. Ku-trimester yokuqala, odokotela bagxila ekuqinisekiseni ukukhulelwa kwakho, ekumiseni usuku lokubeletha, nasekutholeni noma yiziphi izinkinga zokuqala. Kungenzeka ukuthi ube nokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-ultrasound ngalesi sikhathi.

Njengoba unga esigabeni sesibili se-trimester, umgomo usushintsela ekulandelweni kokukhula nentuthuko yengane. Ama-ultrasound angakhombisa imininingwane ngomzimba (anatomy) wengane, kanti izivivinyo zeglucose zisiza ukuthola i-gestational diabetes.

Ngesikhathi se-trimester yesithathu, sekukhulunywa ngokuphelele ngokulungiselela ukuzalwa. Udokotela wakho uzohlola indawo ingane ekuyo, aqaphe impilo yakho, futhi abheke izimpawu zokuqala zokubeletha. Angase futhi akuhlolele i-group B strep ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi wena nengane yakho niphephile ngesikhathi sokubeletha [5].

Lezi zihlolo azigcini ngokuba ezokwelashwa—ziyithuba lakho lokubuza imibuzo nokuzizwa uxhumene kakhulu nokukhulelwa kwakho. Ukugcina ijenali yokuvakasha kwakho kungakusiza ukulandelela konke futhi uhlale uhlelekile.

Amandla Ama-Vitamin Namaminerali Ekukhulelweni Okunempilo

Ama-vitamin namaminerali afana nezitini zokwakha ukukhulelwa okunempilo. Isibonelo, i-vitamin D isiza ekulinganiseni amahomoni futhi isekele ukuthuthuka kwamathambo omntwana. I-iron nayo ibalulekile—ivimbela i-anemia futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi umntwana wakho uthola umoya-mpilo owanele.

I-zinc ibalulekile ekuhlukaneni kwamangqamuzana nasekusebenzeni kahle komzimba wokuzivikela ezifweni, kanti ama-fatty acid e-omega-3 afana ne-DHA asiza ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho namehlo omntwana wakho. I-calcium ayakhi nje amathambo namazinyo aqinile enganeni kodwa futhi igcina namathambo akho enempilo njengoba umzimba wakho ushintsha.

Uma ukhathazekile ukuthi awutholi okwanele kwale mikhiqizo yokudla ekudleni kwakho, ama-supplement angasiza. Kodwa njalo xoxa nodokotela wakho kuqala ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthatha inani elifanele [6].

Izinguquko Ezincane Zendlela Yokuphila Ukuze Ukukhulelwa Kube Lula

Ukukhulelwa kuza nezinselelo zalo, kodwa izinguquko ezincane endleleni ophila ngayo zingaba nomthelela omkhulu. Isibonelo, ukuhlala usebenza ngokuzivocavoca okukhanyayo njengokuhamba ngezinyawo noma i-yoga kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka. Ngisho kungalungiselela nomzimba wakho umsebenzi wokubeletha.

Ukulala okwanele nako kubalulekile kakhulu. Hlose amahora angu-7-9 ebusuku futhi uthole izindlela zokuphumula ngaphambi kokulala. Ukulawula ukucindezeleka nakho kuyinto ebalulekile. Izinga eliphezulu lokucindezeleka lingathinta ukukhulelwa kwakho, ngakho zama izinto ezifana nokuzindla noma ukuzivocavoca ukuphefumula okujulile.

Izinguquko ekudleni zingasiza futhi ngezimpawu ezivamile zokukhulelwa. Ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile kunganciphisa isicanucanu, kanti ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kungavimbela ukuqunjelwa. Futhi-ke, gwema imikhuba eyingozi efana nokubhema noma ukuphuza utshwala [7].

Indlela Ama-Lubricant Okuvundisa Angasiza Ngayo Uma Uzama Ukukhulelwa

Uma uzama ukukhulelwa, yonke into encane ingenza umehluko—kufaka phakathi nohlobo lwe-lubricant oyisebenzisayo. Ama-lubricant anobungane ekuzaleni aklanyelwe ukusekela impilo nokunyakaza kwesidoda, ngokungafani namalubricant ajwayelekile, angesinye isikhathi angavimbela isidoda.

Ezinye ama-lubricant afaka ama-ion e-calcium kanye ne-magnesium, adala indawo enobungane kwisidoda futhi ngisho asekele inqubo yokufecundeka [8]. Ziphinde zilingise uketshezi lwemvelo lwesibeletho umzimba wakho owukhiqizayo, olusiza isidoda sifinyelele eqandeni.

Ukusebenzisa i-lubricant efanele kungenza ukusondelana kube nokunethezeka futhi kuthuthukise amathuba akho okukhulelwa. Kuyinguquko elula engaba nomthelela omkhulu.

Imibono Evamile Engamanga Ngokunakekelwa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha

Kukhona imibono eminingi engalungile mayelana nokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha engashiya abantu bedidekile. Omunye umbono ongamanga wukuthi amavithamini angaphambi kokubeletha adingeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Iqiniso ukuthi ukuwaqala ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe kungaletha umehluko omkhulu. Amalungiselela umzimba wakho futhi wehlise ingozi yezinkinga.

Kulabo abanezinkinga zokugwinya amaphilisi noma abahlangabezana nokuzizwa behlanza ekuseni, amavithamini okubeletha aketshezi angaba enye indlela ewusizo. Anikeza ukumuncwa okusheshayo futhi athambile esiswini uma kuqhathaniswa namaphilisi endabuko.

Omunye umbono ongamanga ukuthi ungadla noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlanzi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Nakuba inhlanzi iyindawo enhle yokuthola izakhamzimba, ezinye izinhlobo—ezinjenge-swordfish ne-shark—zine-mercury eningi futhi kufanele zigwemwe [9]. Hlala uhlole nodokotela wakho ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziphephile.

Ukuqonda amaqiniso ngokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezingcono ngawe nengane yakho.

Okubaluleke Kakhulu Ekugcineni

Uma uhlela ukuba nengane noma usukulindele, ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha akuxoxiswana ngakho. Akumayelana nje nokuphuza amavithamini noma ukuya kudokotela. Kumayelana nokulungiselela umzimba wakho, ukuhlala unempilo, nokunikeza ingane yakho ukuqala okuhle kakhulu empilweni.

Ngokukuqonda ukuthi kuyini ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha nokuthi kubaluleke ngani, ungakwazi ukuthatha izintambo mayelana nempilo yakho futhi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Kusukela ekudleni okufanele kuye ekuhlolweni okuvamile, isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile. Izinguquko ezincane emkhubeni wakho wansuku zonke, njengokukhetha imikhiqizo esekela ukuzala kahle noma ukwengeza izakhamzimba ezibalulekile ekudleni kwakho, zingaletha umehluko omkhulu ohambweni lwakho.

Methemba inqubo, futhi ungabambezeli ukufuna ukuqondiswa emithonjeni ethembekile efana ne-Conceive Plus ukuze ukwesekwe kuyo yonke le ndlela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini i-vitamin yangaphambi kokubeletha?

Kungumanyolo (isengezo sokudla) ogcwele izakhamzimba ezifana ne-folic acid, insimbi ne-DHA, ezibalulekile ekukhulelweni okunempilo.

Kufanele ngiqale nini ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha?

Qala ngokushesha nje lapho usuqaphela ukuthi ukhulelwe, noma ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho uma kungenzeka, esigabeni sangaphambi kokukhulelwa.

Ingabe ukuzivocavoca kuphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Yebo, ukuzivocavoca okulula kuya kokulingene njengokuhamba noma i-yoga kuphephile ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekweluleka ngenye indlela.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokudla okufanele ngizigweme ngesikhathi ngikhulelwe?

Gwema inhlanzi enomthamo omkhulu we-mercury, inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi engapasteurizwanga.

Kufanele ngiyobona udokotela wami kangaki ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Ngokuvamile, kube kanye ngenyanga kwikota yokuqala yokukhulelwa, kube kabili ngenyanga kwikota yesibili, kube kanye ngeviki kwikota yokugcina yokukhulelwa.

Izinkomba

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2. Goh, Y. I., & Koren, G. (2008). I-folic acid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nemiphumela enganeni esesesisu. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18259891/
3. Rogozińska, E., Marlin, N., Jackson, L., Rayanagoudar, G., Ruifrok, A. E., Dodds, J., Molyneaux, E., van Poppel, M. N., Poston, L., Vinter, C. A., McAuliffe, F., Dodd, J. M., Owens, J., Barakat, R., Perales, M., Cecatti, J. G., Surita, F., Yeo, S., Bogaerts, A., Devlieger, R., … Thangaratinam, S. (2017). Imiphumela yokudla kwangaphambi kokubeletha nomsebenzi womzimba emiphumeleni kamama neyengane esesesisu: ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisiwe kwedatha yesiguli ngasinye nokuhlola kwezomnotho kwezempilo. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England). Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28795682/
4. Ben-Meir, A., Burstein, E., Borrego-Alvarez, A., Chong, J., Wong, E., Yavorska, T., Naranian, T., Chi, M., Wang, Y., Bentov, Y., Alexis, J., Meriano, J., Sung, H. K., Gasser, D. L., Moley, K. H., Hekimi, S., Casper, R. F., & Jurisicova, A. (2015). I-Coenzyme Q10 ibuyisela ukusebenza kwama-mitochondria kuma-oocyte kanye nokuzala ngesikhathi sokuguga kokuzala. Aging cell. Kutholakala ku: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4568976/
5. Verani, J. R., McGee, L., Schrag, S. J., & Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2010). Ukuvimbela isifo se-perinatal group B streptococcal--imihlahlandlela ebuyekeziwe evela ku-CDC, 2010. MMWR. Izincomo nemibiko : umbiko wesonto ngesonto wobugula nokufa. Izincomo nemibiko. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21088663/
6. Gernand, A. D., Schulze, K. J., Stewart, C. P., West, K. P., Jr, & Christian, P. (2016). Ukushoda kwama-micronutrient ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa emhlabeni jikelele: imiphumela kwezempilo nokuvimbela. Nature reviews. Endocrinology. Kutholakala ku: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4927329/
7. Villamor, E., & Cnattingius, S. (2006). Ushintsho lwesisindo phakathi kokukhulelwa kanye nengozi yemiphumela emibi yokukhulelwa: ucwaningo olususelwe kubantu. Lancet (London, England). Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17011943/
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