Yiziphi izilinganiso zesibeletho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Isibeletho, esibizwa nangokuthi isizalo (womb), siyithambo elibalulekile ohlelweni lokuzala lwabesifazane. Lapha iqanda elichumile linamathela futhi ukukhula komntwana kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Isibeletho ngokuvamile sincane, sifana nosayizi wewolintshi [1]. Nokho, usayizi waso uyakhula kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuze kwamukele umntwana okhulayo. Lezi zinguquko esibelethweni zabuya kancane kancane ngemva kokuphela kokukhulelwa.

Kule ndatshana, sizohlola umsebenzi wesibeletho futhi sibheke izilinganiso zesibeletho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Le ndatshana iphinda iveze nezinguquko ezenzeka esibelethweni ngemva kokukhulelwa.

Isibeletho Sisebenza Kanjani?

Isibeletho siyithambo elinomumo wephere, elinamathambo emisipha, elitholakala esifubeni esingezansi (i-pelvis) emzimbeni womfazi [2]. Sincane, sivamise ukuba cishe sibe ngosayizi wesibhakela, futhi sisinda cishe amagremu angu-50 kuya kwangu-60 kwabesifazane abangakhulelwe [3]. isibeletho esinosayizi ojwayelekile sinodonga olujiyile, olwelulekayo olungakhula kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, isibeletho sinikeza indawo ezuzisayo yokuba iqanda elichumile linamathele. Ngemva kokunamathela, umsebenzi waso ukukhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthuka komntwana. Isibeletho futhi sidlala indima ekuhambeni kokuya esikhathini ngokukhipha ungqimba lwangaphakathi — i-endometrium — uma owesifazane engakhulelwe.

Indlela Isibeletho Esilungiselela Ngayo Ukukhulelwa

Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka lapho iqanda elichumile linamathela kungqimba lwangaphakathi lwesibeletho. Lokhu kunamathela akwenzeki kuze kube yilapho ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwesibeletho lunikeza izimo ezilungele iqanda elichumile. Ukuze kufezeke lezi zimo ezilungele, umzimba womfazi uqhubeka ukhuthaza ukujiya nokondleka kongqimba lwangaphakathi lwesibeletho phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini [3].

Lezi zinguquko ezilandelayo zenzeka esibelethweni ukulisungiselela ukukhulelwa okungenzeka:

1. Ukujiya kwe-Endometrium

Phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, eyaziwa ngokuthi isigaba se-follicular, ihomoni i-estrogen isiza ukujiya ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwesibeletho. Ngemva kokukhishwa kweqanda, ihomoni i-progesterone ithatha indawo ukuze iqhubeke nale nqubo. Ngokusebenza ndawonye, lezi homoni zakha indawo efanele esibelethweni yokufakwa kweqanda elichumile [4].

2. Ukukhuphuka Kokunikezwa Kwegazi

Ukwanda kokushuba kodonga lwesibeletho kubandakanya nokwakheka kwemithambo emisha yegazi. Le mithambo yegazi isiza isibeletho ukuthi samukele ukugobhoza kwegazi okukhulu ukuze sisekele izigaba zokuqala zokukhulelwa [4].

Ukuhluma kwembewu yendle occurs ku-fallopian tube, hhayi esibelethweni uqobo. Iqanda elikhulelwe lihamba liye esibelethweni, lapho elibambelela khona odongeni lwesibeletho enqubweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-implantation. Ngemva kwe-implantation, isibeletho siqala ukushintsha ngosayizi ukuze sisekele ukukhula komntwana.

Ukukalwa Kosayizi Wesibeletho Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

Isibeletho sikhula ngokushesha kanye nokwanda kosayizi womntwana. Nansi isifinyezo sokuthi usayizi wesibeletho ushintsha kanjani ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhulelwa:

1. I-Trimester Yokuqala (Amasonto 1–12)

Ngesikhathi se-trimester yokuqala, isibeletho sikhula kancane kodwa sihlala ngaphakathi ephilabhisini. Emuva kwamaviki acishe abe ngu-12, siba ngosayizi we-grapefruit, futhi ungase uqale ukusizwa ngenhla kwethambo le-pelvic, kodwa sisahleli singena ephilabhisini [1].

2. I-Trimester Yesibili (Amasonto 13–26)

Isibeletho siqala ukubonakala sisakhula ngokusobala ku-trimester yesibili futhi siqale ukunyakazela phezulu laye esiswini. Lapho amasonto esekuyi-20, isibeletho sifinyelela ezingeni lenkinobho yesisu. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho “baby bump” iqala ukubonakala kakhulu kwabaningi besifazane. Isibeletho sikhule sibe cishe ngosayizi we-melon encane ngalesi sikhathi.

3. I-Trimester Yesithathu (Amasonto 27–40)

Isibeletho sikhula size sifinyelele kusayizi waso omkhulu kakhulu esikhathini se-trimester yesithathu, sande ukuze simukele ingane esesikhathini esigcwele. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, isibeletho siba cishe ngosayizi we-watermelon futhi siluleka sisuke ethanjeni laphambili sifike emathanjeni esifuba.

Odokotela bavame ukukala usayizi wesibeletho besebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi ukukalwa kwe-fundal height, okuhlola ibanga ukusuka ku-fundus — phezulu kwesibeletho — luye ethanjeni laphambili [5]. Lawa malinganiselo esibeletho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa asiza ukuqapha ukukhula komntwana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuhamba kahle.

Lo mlinganiselo oqondile we-fundal height ngamacentimitha ufana neviki lokukhulelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukhulelwe amasonto angu-20, i-fundal height izoba cishe ngamacentimitha angu-20.

Kwenzekani esibelethweni ngemva kokukhulelwa?

Ngemva kokubeletha, isibeletho sibuyela kusayizi nasemumbeni waso wangaphambi kokukhulelwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-involution [6]. Ezinye izigaba ezibalulekile zalo msebenzi zimi kanje:

• Emasikweni angama-24 okuqala ngemva kokubeletha, isibeletho siyancipha size sifane nosayizi we-grapefruit.
• Ezinsukwini ezingu-6 kuya kwezi-8 ezilandelayo, sinciphisa kancane kancane ngosayizi futhi sibuyela ephilabhisini.
• Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, isibeletho sibuyele kusayizi waso sangaphambi kokukhulelwa, nakuba kwezinye izifazane singase sihlale sikancane sikhulu kancane.

Ukuncelisa ibele kungashesha ukuqunjelwa kwesibeletho ngoba kuvuselela ukukhishwa kwe-oxytocin, ihomoni evuselela ukuqunjelwa kwesibeletho.

Isiphetho

Isibeletho liyithuluzi elibalulekile ohlelweni lokuzala lwabesifazane, futhi lishintsha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuze lisekele ukukhula komntwana. Ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, isibeletho sizilungiselela ukutshalwa kombungu ngokushuba umcamelo waso wangaphakathi. Ngemva kokutshalwa okuyimpumelelo, umbungu ngaphakathi esibelethweni uqala ukukhula ngosayizi, okuphinde kwelule usayizi wesibeletho. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izithasiselo zangaphambi kokubeletha ukuze udlule ekukhulelweni okuvamile futhi uhlangabezane nezidingo zokudla okwengeziwe okudingekayo ngenxa yezinguquko emzimbeni womfazi.

Isibeletho singeluleka sisuke kusayizi we-orange ngaphambi kokukhulelwa sifike kusayizi we-watermelon ekupheleni kokukhulelwa. Isibeletho sibuyela kancane kancane kusayizi waso sangaphambi kokukhulelwa ngemva kokubeletha. Ukuhlolwa njalo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kusiza ukuqinisekisa impilo yesibeletho nempilo yonke yomama.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe isibeletho singabuyela kusayizi waso wokuqala ngemva kokukhulelwa?

Yebo, isibeletho sidlula enqubweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-involution ukuze sibuyele kusayizi waso sangaphambi kokukhulelwa ngemva kokubeletha. Le nqubo yenzeka kancane kancane futhi, ngokwesilinganiso, ithatha cishe amasonto ayi-6 kuya kwayi-8.

2. Ukuncelisa ibele kuthinta kanjani usayizi wesibeletho ngemva kokukhulelwa?

Ukuncelisa ibele kuvuselela ukukhishwa kwehomoni i-oxytocin enomthelela omuhle ekunceliseni. Kanye nokuncelisa, i-oxytocin iphinde ivuselele ukuqunjelwa kwesibeletho okusiza isibeletho ukuthi sibuyele kusayizi waso sangaphambi kokukhulelwa ngemva kokubeletha.

3. Kwenzekani esibelethweni ngesikhathi se-C-section?

Ngesikhathi se-C-section, isibeletho sivulwa ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishelwe ingane. Ngemva kokubeletha, siyathungwa ngokucophelela ukuze siphole kahle. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha cishe amasonto ayisi-6 ukuthi umuntu alulame ngokuphelele ku-C-section.

Imithombo Esetshenziwe

1. Usayizi Ojwayelekile Wesibeletho Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa. American Pregnancy Association. https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-health-wellness/uterus-size-during-pregnancy/ 
2. Ameer, M. A., Fagan, S. E., Sosa-Stanley, J. N., & Peterson, D. C. (2022c, December 6). I-Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Isibeletho. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470297/ 
3. Professional, C. C. M. (2024j, May 1). Isibeletho. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22467-uterus 
4. Bull, J. R., Rowland, S. P., Scherwitzl, E. B., Scherwitzl, R., Danielsson, K. G., & Harper, J. (2019). Izici zomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini emhlabeni wangempela ezingaphezu kuka-600,000 zemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini. Npj Digital Medicine, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0152-7 
5. What does fundal height measure in pregnancy? (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/fundal-height/faq-20057962 
6. Deussen, A. R., Ashwood, P., Martis, R., Stewart, F., & Grzeskowiak, L. E. (2020). Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukuqunjelwa/ukuhoxiswa kombeleko ngemva kokubeletha. Cochrane Library, 2020(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004908.pub3