Ukuzala Kwesilisa Nempilo Yesidoda: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wamadoda Ase-Australia

Lapho imibhangqwana ibhekene nobunzima bokukhulelwa, inkulumo ivame ukugxila empilweni yabesifazane — kodwa iqiniso ukuthi ukuzala kwesilisa kudlala indima ebaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ngokusho kwe-Andrology Australia, izinto eziphathelene namadoda zenza cishe u-40–50% wazo zonke izimo zokungazali e-Australia. Naphezu kwalokhu, amadoda amaningi ase-Australia asahlale engazi ngezinto ezisemqoka ezithinta impilo yawo yokuzalana, izimpawu eziyixwayiso okufanele zibhekwe, futhi — okubaluleke kakhulu — ukuthi angathatha ziphi izinyathelo.

Noma ngabe usaqala uhambo lwakho lokuya ebudodeni bokuba umzali, usewumzamo wokukhulelwa, noma nje ufuna ukuqonda kangcono impilo yakho yokuzalana, lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa konke okudingeka ukwazi ngakho ukuzala kwesilisa nempilo yesidoda. Kusukela ekuqondeni ukuthi yini eyenza isidoda sibe “nempilo” kuya ekubhekeni izinguquko zendlela yokuphila nezithasiselo eziqinisekiswe ngokwezokwelapha, sihlanganise ulwazi lwakamuva nolufanele kakhulu lwamadoda ase-Australia.

Ukuqonda Ukuzala Kwesilisa: Okuyisisekelo

Ukuzala kwamadoda kuncike ikakhulukazi ekwizingqikithi nasezinanini zesidoda esikhiqizwayo. Ukuze isidoda sikhulelise iqanda, kumele sibe khona ngenani elanele, sikwazi ukunyakaza kahle, futhi sakheke ngendlela ejwayelekile. Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kwe-semen kuhlola lezi zinkomba ezine eziyisisekelo:

• Inani lesidoda (concentration): Inani lesidoda nge-millilitre ngayinye ye-semen. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ichaza inani elijwayelekile lesidoda ngenani elingu-16 million wesidoda nge-millilitre noma ngaphezulu.
• Ukunyakaza (motility) kwesidoda: Iphesenti lesidoda elinyakazayo ngenkuthalo. Okungenani u-42% wesidoda kufanele ubonise uhlobo oluthile lokunyakaza, kanti u-30% kufanele abonise ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo (phambili).
• Ukuma (morphology) kwesidoda: Usayizi nokuma kwesidoda. Okungenani u-4% wesidoda kufanele ube nokuma okujwayelekile ngokwezindinganiso eziqinile zika-Kruger.
• Umthamo we-semen: Inani eliphelele le-semen elikhishwa, ngokuvamile elingu-1.4 mL noma ngaphezulu ngekulula ngayinye.

Izinkinga nganoma yikuphi kule miyalelo zinganciphisa ukuzala. ENingizimu Afrika, kubalwa ukuthi cishe oyedwa emadodeni angama-20 unohlobo oluthile lwenkinga yokungazali, kanti oyedwa kwabayikhulu akakhiqizi nhlobo isidoda. Ukuqonda lezi zinkomba eziyisisekelo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekuthatheni izinyathelo ezinemiphumela.

Izimbangela Ezivamile Zenani Eliphansi Lesidoda Nempilo Embi Yesidoda e-Australia

Izinto eziningana eziphathelene nezokwelashwa nendlela yokuphila zingalimaza impilo yesidoda. Amadoda ase-Australia kufanele azi ngalezi zimbangela ezivamile ezilandelayo:

Izimbangela Zokwelashwa

• I-Varicocele: Imithambo evuvukele ngaphakathi esikhumbeni sobende ingenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu — futhi ezelapheka kalula — zokungazali kwabesilisa e-Australia, ethinta cishe u-15% wamadoda esibalo sabantu jikelele futhi ifinyelele ku-40% yamadoda abanezinkinga zokuzala.
• Ukungalingani kwamahomoni: Izimo ezithinta i-pituitary gland noma i-hypothalamus zingaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukuthuthuka kwesidoda.
• Izifo zokutheleleka: Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs) ezifana ne-chlamydia ne-gonorrhoea zingabangela ukulinyazwa nokwakheka kwamaxebuka emgudwini wokuzala. Ezinye izifo, kuhlanganise ne-mumps orchitis (ukutheleleka ngegciwane okuthinta amathumbu esidoda), zingaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda.
• Amathumbu esidoda angazange ehle: Amadoda anomlando wamathumbu esidoda angazange ehle (cryptorchidism) anobungozi obukhudlwana bokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwesidoda.
• Izifo zofuzo: I-Klinefelter syndrome (ama-chromosome e-XXY) nezinye izinkinga zama-chromosome zingathinta ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda. Izinguquko zofuzo ezibangela i-cystic fibrosis nazo zingathinta i-vas deferens.

Izimbangela Zendlela Yokuphila

• Ukubhema: Ukubhema ugwayi kuhlotshaniswa nokuncipha kwenani lesidoda, ukukhuthama kwaso, nokwakheka kwaso. Ucwaningo njalo luhlobanisa ukubhema namazinga aphezulu okulimala kwe-DNA esidodeni.
• Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala: Ukuphuza kakhulu njalo kwehlisa amazinga e-testosterone futhi kwehlise ikhwalithi yesidoda. Ngisho nokuphuza okulinganisekile kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuthinta ukwakheka kwesidoda.
• Ukukhuluphala: Amafutha omzimba adlulele — ikakhulukazi amafutha esiswini — anyusa amazinga e-oestrogen futhi acindezele i-testosterone, okuthinta ngqo ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda. Ngokwe-Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, ngaphezu kwezinga lesibili kwabathathu bamadoda ase-Australia banesisindo esidlulele noma bakhuluphele, okubeka ingxenye enkulu yabesilisa engcupheni yokungazali.
• Ukuchayeka ekushiseni: Amathumbu esidoda asebenza kahle kakhulu ekushiseni okuncane ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba. Ukugqoka izingubo zangaphansi eziqinile njalo, ukuchitha isikhathi eside emachibini ashisayo, noma ukusebenza ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu kungaphazamisa ukuthuthuka kwesidoda.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-anabolic steroids: Kuyinkinga enkulu e-Australia, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kuncindezela ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni emvelo emzimbeni futhi kungabangela ukungazali okwesikhashana noma unomphelo.
• Ubungozi bemvelo: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali okubulala izinambuzane, izinsimbi ezisindayo (i-lead, i-cadmium), nakumakhemikhali ezimbonini kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwekhwalithi yesidoda.

Indlela Ukwenziwa Ngayo Isidoda: Ifasitela Lezinsuku Ezingu-90

Omunye wemibandela ebaluleke kakhulu — futhi eqondwa kabi kakhulu — mayelana nokuzala kwamadoda wukuthi kudinga isikhathi esingakanani ukukhiqiza isidoda. I-Spermatogenesis (ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda) ithatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-74, ilandelwe isikhathi sokuvuthwa esingeziwe sezinsuku ezingu-12–21 njengoba isidoda sihamba sidlula ku-epididymis. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umjikelezo ophelele usukela kuseli lomnkantsha wesidoda kuze kube yisidoda esikhiphwayo uthatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-90.

Kungani lokhu kubalulekile? Ngoba izinguquko ngendlela yokuphila, ukuthuthukisa ukudla, kanye nama-supplement kuthatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale imiphumela. Uma indoda yase-Australia iqala namuhla ukudla kangcono, ukujima njalo, nokuthatha i-supplement yokusekela impilo yesidoda, ngeke ibone umthelela ogcwele ku-semen analysis yayo cishe ezinyangeni ezintathu. Yingakho ochwepheshe bezokuzala bencoma ukuqala amalungiselelo angaphambi kokukhulelwa okungenani ezinyangeni ezintathu ngaphambi kokuthi niqale ukuzama ukukhulelwa — iseluleko esisekelwa yi-Fertility Society of Australia and New Zealand (FSANZ).

Uhlangothi oluhle lwalolu hlobo lwe-biology ukuthi ukulimala kwesidoda kuvame ukubuyiseka. Amadoda ayeka ukubhema, athuthukise indlela adla ngayo, anciphise ingcindezi, futhi axazulule ukuntuleka kwemisoco angabona ukuthuthuka okubalulekile ezingeni lesidoda phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-90.

Imisoco Ebalulekile Empilweni Yesidoda

Ukudla kunendima enamandla ekukhiqizweni kwesidoda nasekutheni sibe sezingeni elingakanani. Eminye imisoco emincane ebalulekile isifundwe kabanzi ngomthelela wayo empilweni yokuzala yamadoda:

I-Zinc

I-Zinc cishe iyona mzimbe ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yokuzala yamadoda. Ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwe-testosterone, ekukhiqizweni kwesidoda, nasekutheni isidoda sikwazi ukuhamba kahle. Ukuntuleka kwe-zinc kuhlotshaniswa nenani eliphansi lesidoda nokuhamba okubi. Amadoda ase-Australia anamazinga aphansi e-zinc — okungenzeka ngenxa yokungadli ukudla okwanele, ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala, noma ezinye izimo zempilo — asengozini enkulu. Imithombo emihle ekudleni ifaka inyama ebomvu, izinkalankala zasolwandle (ikakhulukazi ama-oyster), ama-legume, nembewu.

I-Selenium

I-Selenium iyi-antioxidant enamandla esiza ukuvikela i-DNA yesidoda ekulimaleni okubangelwa i-oxidative stress. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kumagazini abuyekezwa ontanga lubonise ukuthi i-supplementation ye-selenium ingathuthukisa ukuhamba kwesidoda (motility) nokuma kwaso (morphology). Umhlabathi wase-Australia uphansi nge-selenium kwezinye izifunda, okungase kusho ukuthi abanye amadoda ase-Australia banokungadli i-selenium eyanele. Amantongomane e-Brazil, ukudla kwasolwandle, namaqanda imithombo emihle.

I-Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

I-CoQ10 iyi-antioxidant evele ngokwemvelo etholakala ngamanani aphezulu kumitochondria emaselula esidoda. Ibidlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla adingwa yisidoda ukuze sikwazi ukuhamba. Izifundo eziningi zomtholampilo zibonisile ukuthi ukwengeza i-CoQ10 kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukugxila kwesidoda, ukuhamba kwaso, nokuma kwaso (morphology). Amazinga e-CoQ10 emzimbeni ehla njengoba umuntu eguga, okwenza izithasiselo zibe nomthelela okhethekile emadodeni aneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35.

Folate (Vitamin B9)

Ngenkathi i-folate yaziwa kakhulu ngendima yayo ekuvimbeleni ukungaphumeleli kwe-neural tube ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ibaluleke ngokulinganayo empilweni yesidoda. Ukushoda kwe-folate kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kokwephuka kwe-DNA esidodeni, okunganciphisa ukuzala futhi kwandise ingozi yokulahleka kokukhulelwa. Amadoda azama ukuzala kufanele ahlose ukuthola i-folate eyanele ngokudla imifino eluhlaza enamagqabunga, ubhontshisi, nokudla okuqinisiwe — noma ngokuthatha izithasiselo.

Vitamin C no-E

Lezi vitamini zakudala ze-antioxidant zisiza ukulwa nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, okuyimbangela ehamba phambili ekulimaleni kwe-DNA yesidoda. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukwengeza i-vitamin C no-E ndawonye kunganciphisa ukwephuka kwe-DNA yesidoda futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi ejwayelekile yesidoda.

L-Carnitine

I-L-Carnitine iyi-amino acid edlala indima ebalulekile ekuguqulweni kwamandla ngaphakathi kwesidoda. Igxile kakhulu ku-epididymis, lapho sidoda sivuthwa khona. Izifundo zomtholampilo zibonisile ukuthi ukwengeza i-L-carnitine kungathuthukisa ukuhamba kwesidoda futhi kungasiza amadoda anenani eliphansi lesidoda.

Lycopene

I-Lycopene iyi-antioxidant enamandla etholakala kakhulu otamatisini nakwezinye izithelo nemifino ebomvu. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukwengeza i-lycopene kungathuthukisa ukugxila kwesidoda nokuhamba kwaso, futhi kunciphise ukulimala kwe-DNA.

Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila Zokuthuthukisa Impilo Yesidoda

Ngaphezu kokudla, kunezinyathelo eziningana zempilo yansuku zonke ezinamandla ubufakazi bokuthi ziletha inzuzo ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yesidoda emadodeni ase-Australia:

1. Gcina Isisindo Esinempilo

Ukufinyelela nokugcina i-body mass index (BMI) enempilo kungesinye sezinguquko ezinomthelela omkhulu indoda engazenza. Ukukhuluphala kuhlotshaniswa ne-testosterone ephansi, i-oestrogen ephakeme, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kwesende ngenxa yokukhuluphala, kanye namazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka kwe-oxidative — konke lokhu okubangela ukungasebenzi kahle ekukhiqizweni kwesidoda. Ngisho nokwehla kwesisindo okuncane (okungaba ngu-5–10% wesisindo somzimba) emadodeni akhuluphele kuboniswe ukuthi kuthuthukisa amazinga e-testosterone nezinkomba zekhwalithi yesidoda.

2. Zivocavoce Njalo (Kodwa Ungakwenzi Ngokweqile)

Ukuzivocavoca okulinganisekile njalo — njengezimizuzu eziyi-30–45 zokuhamba ngesivinini, ukugibela ibhayisikili (unesihlalo esilungiswe kahle), ukubhukuda, noma ukuqeqeshwa ngamandla, izinsuku ezingu-4–5 ngeviki — kubonakaliswe ukuthi kuthuthukisa izinga le-testosterone nekhwalithi yesidoda. Nokho, ukuzivocavoca okweqile kokumelana nesikhathi eside (njengokuqeqeshwa kwe-marathon) kunganciphisa okwesikhashana i-testosterone nokukhiqizwa kwesidoda. Ukulinganisela kubalulekile.

3. Phatha Ukucindezeleka

Ingcindezi yengqondo engapheli ikhuphula i-cortisol, enganciphisa i-testosterone nokukhiqizwa kwesidoda. Amadoda ase-Australia asekhula ngobuningi abathintekayo yingcindezi yomsebenzi, ingcindezi yezezimali, nezimfuno zendlela yokuphila. Ukwengeza imikhuba yokuphatha ingcindezi — ukuzindla okuzolayo (mindfulness meditation), i-yoga, ukulala okwanele (amahora angu-7–9 ebusuku), kanye nokuxhumana nabantu — kungasiza kakhulu ekugcineni impilo yokuzala.

4. Yeka Ukubhema

Ubufakazi lapha buvulekile futhi buyavumelana: ukubhema konakalisa isidoda. Ikakhulukazi, ukubhema kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwenani lesidoda, ukuncipha kokunyakaza, ukwanda kokungajwayelekile kokubukeka, kanye namazinga aphezulu okulimala kwe-DNA. Ukuyeka ukubhema kungenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu indoda yase-Australia engazenzela ukuzala kwayo. Ukusekelwa kuyatholakala nge-Quitline (13 7848) kanye nohlelo lukahulumeni i-Quit for You, Quit for Two.

5. Nciphisa Utshwala

Imihlahlandlela yase-Australia incoma ukuphuza okungadluli iziphuzo ezingu-10 ezijwayelekile ngesonto nokungadluli ezine ngosuku olulodwa. Kodwa-ke, uma sibheka ukuzala, ukwehlisa kakhulu kungcono — ikakhulukazi phakathi nesikhathi sezinsuku ezingama-90 ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa. Ukuphuza kakhulu (okungaphezu kweziphuzo ezingu-14 ngesonto) kubonakala kuyingozi; ngisho nokuphuza okulingene kungalimaza ukwakheka kwesidoda.

6. Gwema Ama-Anabolic Steroids Nokwelashwa nge-Testosterone

I-testosterone yangaphandle — evela kuma-anabolic steroids, ekwelashweni ngokufakwa i-testosterone, noma kuma-“testosterone boosters” — ivimbela imiyalezo yobuchopho eya emasendeni yokukhiqiza isidoda. Amadoda akwi-therapy ye-testosterone avame ukuba azoospermic (engekhiqizi nhlobo isidoda). Uma uthatha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-testosterone, xhumana nodokotela we-urologist noma we-andrologist ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelisa.

7. Gcina Amasende Ebandekile

Shintshela ezingutsheni zangaphansi ezikhululekile (ama-boxer esikhundleni sama-briefs), gwema ukuhlala isikhathi eside, nciphisa imithombo yokushisa efana nokugeza esitsheni esishisayo namaspa, futhi ungabeki ilaptop ethangeni. Nakuba ucwaningo mayelana nokushisa nokuzala lungahambisani ngokuphelele, lezi izinyathelo eziyingozi ephansi, ezinengqondo okufanele uzamukele.

Nini Ukuya Kudokotela: Ukuhlolwa e-Australia

Abaningi amadoda abambezela ukufuna usizo ngenxa yokuzizwa behlazekile noma ukukholwa ukuthi ukungazali inkinga “yabesifazane” kuphela. Nokho, ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi kuyasiza — futhi kuvame ukuba lula.

NgokweRoyal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG), imibhangqwana kufanele ifune ukuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa uma:

• Sebezame ukukhulelwa izinyanga ezingu-12 ngaphandle kwempumelelo (uma umlingani wesifazane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-35)
• Sebezame iminyaka engu-6 ngaphandle kwempumelelo (uma umlingani wesifazane eneminyaka engu-35 noma ngaphezulu)
• Kukhona izici eziyingozi ezaziwayo zokungazali kowesilisa (ezifana nokube nesimungumungwane phambilini, amasende angazange ehle, i-varicocele, noma umlando wezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi)

Ukuhlolwa kokuzala kowesilisa ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuthi:

• Ukuhlaziywa kwesidoda: Imvamisa kwenziwa elabhorethri yezifo — kukhona izinsizakalo eziningi ezihlawulelwa i-Medicare ezitholakala kulo lonke i-Australia. Imiphumela imvamisa itholakala emasontweni ambalwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamahomoni: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-FSH, LH, i-testosterone, ne-prolactin kusiza ukubona izimbangela ezihlobene namahomoni.
• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba: I-GP noma i-urologist izohlola i-varicocele, usayizi wamasende, nezinye izinkinga zesakhiwo somzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Ezimeni zokuba nesidoda esincane kakhulu noma esingekho neze, kunganconywa ukwenza i-karyotyping nokuhlolwa kokususwa ku-Y-chromosome.

ENingizimu Afrika, kudingeka imvamisa ukuthi udokotela ojwayelekile (GP) akunike isithunjwa ukuze ufinyelele kuchwepheshe wokuzala noma i-andrologist. I-Andrology Australia inikeza i-isikhungo solwazi esiku-inthanethi esihle kakhulu samadoda afuna ulwazi ngaphambi kokubonisana okokuqala.

Izithasiselo Zokuzala Zamadoda: Okushiwo Ubufakazi

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezithasiselo zokuzala kwamadoda ikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yakamuva, futhi amadoda ase-Australia asekhulisa isifiso sezinketho ezisuselwa ebufakazini. Akuzona zonke imikhiqizo ezilinganayo — nakhu okusekelwa ucwaningo:

Izixube zama-antioxidant yizona ezinesisekelo esinamandla socwaningo. Ucwaningo lwe-Cochrane luka-2019 lwamazifundo angu-61 alawulwa ngenhlanhla lwathola ukuthi ukuthatha ama-antioxidant kumadoda anokuzala okunciphile kwathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokuzalwa kwezingane eziphilayo namazinga okukhulelwa uma kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo. Izakhi ezivele ziwusizo ngokungaguquki zifaka phakathi i-zinc, i-selenium, i-CoQ10, i-vitamin E, i-vitamin C, i-L-carnitine, ne-folate — okuyizona kanye izithako ezitholakala kumafomula asezingeni eliphezulu okuzala kwamadoda.

Lapho bekhetha isithasiselo sokuzala samadoda, amadoda ase-Australia kufanele abheke:

• Imithamo efanele yezokwelapha yezakhamzimba ezisemqoka (hhayi iziqephu ezincane nje ezingabalulekile)
• Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa izinhlangano ezizimele noma ukuhambisana ne-TGA
• Ifomula ebanzi ehlasela izici eziningi zezempilo yesidoda
• Ukuvuleleka mayelana nemithombo yezithako namazinga okukhiqiza

I-Conceive Plus Men's Fertility Support yakhiwe ngokukhethekile ngalezi zinhlanganisela zokudla eziqinisekiswe ucwaningo, ngemithamo efanele ngokwemigomo yezokwelapha, eklanyelwe ukusekela inani lesidoda, ukunyakaza kwaso, kanye nobuqotho be-DNA phakathi kwewindi elibucayi lezinsuku ezingama-90 zangaphambi kokukhulelwa.

Ukuqhekeka kwe-DNA Yesidoda: Isici Esifihlekile

Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kwesidoda kukala inani nokunyakaza kwesidoda, kodwa akuhloli elinye lawona maphawu abaluleke kakhulu ekhwalithi yesidoda: ubuqotho be-DNA. Ukuqhekeka kwe-DNA yesidoda (SDF) kubhekisela ekuqhekekeni kwemicu ye-DNA ngaphakathi kumaseli esidoda — ukuqhekeka okungaphazamisa ukuchumiseka, ukuthuthuka kwe-embryo nokunamathiselwa esibelethweni, futhi kuhlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu okuphuphuma kwesisu.

Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi i-SDF ephakeme (evame ukuchazwa njengezinga lokuphazamiseka kwe-DNA elingaphezu kuka-25–30%) lungachaza izimo zokungazali okungenasizathu esicacile nokuphindaphinda kokulahlekelwa umbungu, ngisho noma ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kwesidoda kujwayelekile. Izikhungo zokuzala zase-Australia sezikhula ngobuningi ekunikezeni ukuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka kwe-DNA yesidoda njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okuphelele kokuzala emadodeni.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezikhuphula i-SDF zifaka:

• Ukubhema
• Ingcindezi yokuguquka kwamakhemikhali (oxidative stress) (ebangelwa ukudla okungelona elinempilo, utshwala obuningi, nokukhuluphala)
• Umkhuhlane noma izifo zomgudu wezitho zangasese
• I-Varicocele
• Ubudala bobaba obuphezulu

Izindaba ezinhle: ukusebenzisa izithasiselo ezingama-antioxidant kuboniswe ukuthi kwehlisa i-SDF. Ukudla okunothe ngama-antioxidant, kuhlanganiswe nezithasiselo eziqondiswe kahle, kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukunakekelwa kwe-DNA yesidoda phakathi nesikhathi sezinsuku ezingu-90 sokukhiqizwa kwesidoda.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngokuzala Kwesilisa e-Australia

Q: Ukungazali emadodeni kujwayeleke kangakanani e-Australia?

A: Ukungazali okubangelwa ingxenye yomzimba wesilisa kuthinta cishe indoda eyodwa kwezingu-20 e-Australia, futhi izinto ezivela ohlangothini lomzimba wesilisa zifaka isandla cishe ku-40–50% wazo zonke izimo zokungazali emibhangqwaneni. Kujwayeleke njengokungazali ohlangothini lwesifazane, kodwa kuvame ukungatholakali ngoba amadoda mancane amathuba okuthi afune ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. I-Andrology Australia ilinganisela ukuthi u-8.5% wemibhangqwana uba nobunzima bokukhulelwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12 zokuzama.

Q: Ngingakwazi yini ukuthola ukuhlaziywa kwesidoda nge-Medicare e-Australia?

A: Yebo. Ukuhlaziywa kwesidoda kungabuyiselwa yi-Medicare uma ku-odwe udokotela we-GP noma uchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile uzodinga ukudluliselwa elabhorethri ye-pathology. Izindleko ziyahlukahluka, kodwa isaphulelo se-Medicare simboza ingxenye yemali. Ezinye izikhungo zokuzala nazo zinikela ngokuhlolwa kwesidoda ngaphakathi kwesikhungo.

Q: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi izithasiselo zokuthuthukisa impilo yesidoda ziqale ukusebenza?

A: Njengoba ukuthuthuka okuphelele kwesidoda kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-90, kufanele uthathe noma yiziphi izithasiselo njalo okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokulindela ukubona izinguquko ekuhlaziyweni kwesidoda sakho. Iningi lezifundo zesayensi ngezithasiselo zokuzala kwamadoda lisebenzisa izikhathi zokuthatha izithasiselo ezingu-3–6 izinyanga.

Q: Ingabe iminyaka yobudala ithinta ukuzala emadodeni?

A: Yebo, noma amadoda agcina umkhono wokuzala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezintokazi. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yesidoda — ikakhulukile indlela eshukuma ngayo (motility) nokuthembeka kwe-DNA — iqala ukwehla cishe kusukela eminyakeni engu-35–40. Ubudala bopfather obuphezulu buhlotshaniswa futhi nokwanda kwengozi yokuba neziphambeko zofuzo ezintsha ezinganeni. Nokho, amadoda amaningi aqhubeka nokuba nobaba bezingane ezinempilo aze afinyelele eminyakeni yawo yama-40 nama-50 uma etholwa futhi esekelwa kahle.

Q: Ingabe i-varicocele ingelashwa?

A: Yebo. Ukulungiswa kwe-varicocele (i-varicocelectomy), okwenziwa njengohlinzo oluncane ngudokotela we-urology, kuwuhlinzo oluvame kakhulu ekwelapheni ukungazali kwabesilisa e-Australia. Izifundo zikhombisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kwe-varicocele kungathuthukisa isibalo sesidoda, ukunyakaza kwaso (motility), nokuma kwaso (morphology), futhi kuhlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu okukhulelwa ngokwemvelo kanye nemiphumela engcono ye-IVF.

Q: Ingabe kuphephile ukuthola umgomo we-COVID-19 uma ngizama ukuzala?

A: Izifundo eziningi ziqinisekisile ukuthi imigomo ye-COVID-19 ayilimazi ikhwalithi yesidoda. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukutheleleka nge-COVID-19 ngokwalo kuhlotshaniswe nokwehla kwesikhashana kwekhwalithi yesidoda. Izinhlaka ezinkulu zezempilo zase-Australia kuhlanganisa i-TGA ne-ATAGI zincoma umgomo we-COVID-19 kumadoda azama ukuzala.

Q: Yiziphi izinhlobo zokudla okufanele ngizidle ukuthuthukisa impilo yesidoda?

A: Ukudla kwendlela yase-Mediterranean kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nekhwalithi engcono yesidoda. Gxila kokulandelayo: imifino eminingi (ikakhulukazi amaqabunga aluhlaza namathanga/tamatisi), izithelo, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, ama-legume, amantongomane nembewu (ikakhulukazi ama-walnut), inhlanzi enamafutha (salmon, sardines, mackerel), kanye no-olive oil. Nciphisa inyama esetshenzwe kakhulu, ama-carbohydrate acwengiweyo, ama-trans fat, neziphuzo ezinoshukela. Ukuhlala uphuza amanzi anele nakho kubalulekile enanini lesidoda.

Q: Ngabe amasokisi aqinile empela angathinta ukuzala?

A: Ucwaningo lweHarvard University olwashicilelwa ku-Human Reproduction (2018) lwathola ukuthi amadoda agqoka amasokisi angakhininzeki kakhulu ayenamazinga esidoda aphezulu ngo-25% kanye nenani eliphelele lesidoda eliphezulu ngo-17% kunamadoda agqoka kakhulu amasokisi acindezelayo. Nakuba umehluko wawungesikhulu kakhulu, ukushintshela kuma-boxer kuwushintsho lwendlela yokuphila olulula, lwamahhala, nolungenabungozi.

Q: Iyini indima yokwelashwa nge-testosterone ekuzaleni kwabesilisa?

A: I-Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-anabolic steroid kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda kwemvelo futhi kungabangela i-azoospermia (ukungabi bikho kwesidoda ekuchamisweni). Amadoda asebenzisa i-TRT abafisa ukuzala kufanele axhumane nodokotela we-urology okhethekile ekuzaleni noma i-andrologist — ezimweni eziningi, ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda kungabuyiselwa ngemva kokuyeka i-TRT, nakuba lo msebenzi ungathatha izinyanga eziyi-6–24.

Q: Nini umbhangqwana okufanele acabangele i-IVF noma i-ICSI ekungazaleni okubangelwa owesilisa?

A: I-Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) — uhlobo lwe-IVF lapho isidoda esisodwa jova ngqo eqandeni — ivame ukusetshenziswa e-Australia ekungazaleni okubangelwa owesilisa okulingene kuya kokubi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile icatshangelwa uma isibalo sesidoda siphansi kakhulu (singaphansi kwezigidi ezi-5 nge-mL), ukunyakaza kwaso kuphazamisekile kakhulu, noma uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumelelanga. Uchwepheshe wakho wezokuzala uzokweluleka ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yakho ethile.