Ingabe ubuhlungu emhlane ongaphansi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda buyisibonakaliso sokukhulelwa?

Ubuhlungu obuphansi emhlane buyinkinga evamile kwabesifazane abaningi ezigabeni ezahlukene zomjikelezo wabo wokuya esikhathini. Ukukhishwa kweqanda yisikhathi lapho umzimba wowesifazane ukhipha iqanda. Ngezinye izikhathi kubangelaesibuhlungu esisendaweni ephansi yesisu noma emhlane ongaphansi.

Nokukhulelwa nakho kuletha izimpawu ezifanayo, okungenza abesifazane badideke ukuthi ingabe ubuhlungu babo obuphansi emhlane ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda buyisibonakaliso sokukhulelwa. Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukubheka nezinye izimpawu zokukhulelwa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukhulelwe noma ukuthi ubuhlungu emhlane bunguphawu olujwayelekile lokukhishwa kweqanda [1].

Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza izimbangela zobuhlungu obuphansi emhlane ngemuva kokukhishwa kweqanda futhi sibone ukuthi ingabe ubuhlungu emhlane ngemuva kokukhishwa kweqanda uphawunokukhulelwa. Lesi sihloko siphinde sikhulume ngezimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa okufanele uzibheke ngemuva kokukhishwa kweqanda.

Kuyini Ukukhishwa Kweqanda Nezimpawu Zakhona?

Ukukhishwa kweqanda (ovulation) yisigaba esibalulekile somjikelezo wokuya esikhathini lapho esinye sama-ovari amabili sikhipha iqanda elivuthiwe. Kuvame ukwenzeka maphakathi nomjikelezo, cishe izinsuku eziyi-14 ngaphambi kokuqala kokuya esikhathini okulandelayo. Iningi labesifazane lizizwa linezimpawu eziningana ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda, ezifaka ukuqumba okuthambile, ukwanda koketshezi lomlomo wesibeletho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nobuhlungu obuphansi emhlane.

Izinguquko zama-hormone nezomzimba emzimbeni ngesikhathi inqubo yokukhishwa kweqanda yizona zibangela ngempelabobuhlungu obuphansi emhlane ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda. Nakuba kuyingxenye evamile yokukhishwa kweqanda kwabanye abesifazane, abanye bangazibuza, “Ingabe ubuhlungu obuphansi emhlane uphawu lokukhulelwa?” Lo mbuzo uvame ukuvela ngesikhathi abesifazane beqala ukuzwa ukungakhululeki kanye nezinye izimpawu.

Kungani Ungase Ube Nobuhlungu Emhlane Ngemuva Kokukhishwa Kweqanda?

Izizathu eziningana zingaholela ekutheni ube ubuhlungu emhlane ngemuva kokukhishwa kweqanda. Ezinye zalezi zinto zifaka phakathi:

1. Ukufakelwa (Implantation)

Ukufakelwa (implantation) kwenzeka lapho iqanda elichumiswe noma i-embryo ifakwa odongeni lwesibeletho. Lo msebenzi ungadala ukuqumba okuthambile noma ukungakhululeki, okuhlanganisa nobuhlungu obuphansi emhlane. Ngaphezu kwama-cramps, iningi labesifazane liphinde libone ukopha okuncane ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, okubizwa ngokuthi ukopha kokufakelwa (implantation bleeding) [2].

2. Izinguquko zama-hormone

Ngemuva kokufakelwa (implantation), kuba nokwenyuka okusheshayo kwamazinga e-hormone i-progesterone. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-placenta iqala ukusebenza ngemuva kokufakelwa futhi inesibopho sokukhulula i-progesterone [3]. Ukwanda okusheshayo kwe-progesterone kungathinta imisipha nezintambo, kuholele ekungakhululeki okuncane emhlane.

3. Ubuhlungu Be-ovulation (Mittelschmerz)

Lapho i-follicle esesikhunjeni samaqanda (ovary) iqhuma ukuze ikhulule iqanda, kwesinye isikhathi ingabangela ukuqunjelwa noma ubuhlungu obusakazeka buye emhlane. I-follicle iphinde iqukathe uketshezi oluningi, ngakho ukuqhuma kwe-follicle kubangela ukuvuza koketshezi ngaphakathi kwe-ovary. Lolu ketshezi lungenza nokucasuka nobuhlungu. Izibiko zibonisa ukuthi cishe u-40% wabesifazane abasebudaleni lokuzala babhekana nobuhlungu be-ovulation [4].

Lezi zibangela zidida iningi labesifazane baze bazithole sebezibuza ukuthi ukuqunjelwa emhlane kwabo ingabe kuwuphawu lokukhulelwa kokuqala noma uphawu lokukhulelwa olubonakala ngobuhlungu emhlane ongasezansi esimweni sabo.

Ingabe Ubuhlungu Emhlane Bungaba Uphawu Lokukhulelwa?

Ubuhlungu emhlane ongasezansi ngezinye izikhathi bungaba uphawu lokukhulelwa kokuqala, kodwa ukuzwa lobu buhlungu emva kwe-ovulation akukugqamisi ngokuphelele ukuthi ukhulelwe. Nakuba ubuhlungu emhlane ongasezansi bungaba uphawu oluvamile ngesikhathi se-ovulation, kufanele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi ingabe ubuhlungu emzimbeni luphawu lokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi uma buhambisana nezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa ezifana nokudinwa noma isicanucanu. Uma ukuxubana kweqanda nesidoda kwenzeka, izinguquko zama-hormone zingaholela ekungakhululeki okuncane noma ubuhlungu emhlane emva kwe-ovulation.

Omunye ushintsho lwe-hormone olubalulekile ukwanda kwe-hormone ebizwa nge-progesterone. Le hormone ivimbela ungqimba lwesibeletho ukuthi lungachitheki futhi isekele ukuqina kwalo uma ukukhulelwa sekwenzekile. Le hormone ingakhulula izihlunga nemisipha, okungase kubangele ubuhlungu emhlane obuncane futhi kube uphawu lokukhulelwa kokuqala [5].

Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubuhlungu emhlane ongasezansi buvame futhi ngesikhathi sesigaba se-luteal — ingxenye yesibili yomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini — futhi akuhlali kuyisibonakaliso sokukhulelwa [6].

Ingabe Ubuhlungu Emhlane Luphawu Lokukhulelwa Ngesonto Elilodwa Emuva Kwe-ovulation?

Ubuhlungu emhlane ngesikhathi se-ovulation kusalula ukubuhlukanisa nokukhulelwa ngoba izimpawu zokukhulelwa kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi zingaveli phakathi-cycle, okuyisikhathi sokukhishwa kwamaqanda. Kodwa kwenzekani uma ubuhlungu buvela emva kwesonto olulodwa kokukhishwa kwamaqanda? Ngakho, “Ingabe ubuhlungu emhlane luphawu lokukhulelwa ngesonto elilodwa emva kwe-ovulation?”

Kungenzeka ukuthi ubuhlungu obusemgogodleni ongasezansi obuzwayo emva kwesonto olulodwa kokukhishwa kwamaqanda (ovulation) bubangelwa ukukhulelwa [7]. Kodwa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi kubangelwa ukukhulelwa noma cha, kudingeka ubheke ezinye izimpawu zokuzifaka kwenkaba (implantation), ezifana na:

• Ukuqunjelwa okuncane noma ubuhlungu emhlane njengophawu lokukhulelwa kokuqala.
• Ukopha okuncane — ukopha kokunamathiselwa kwembungu (implantation bleeding)
• Ubuhlungu nokuzwela kwamabele.

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu azisho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukhulelwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ungase ube nezinye izimpawu ezifanayo njengengxenye yesifo sangaphambi kokuya esikhathini (PMS) [8]. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, kufanele wenze isivivinyo sokukhulelwa ukuqinisa ukuthi ukhulelwe.

Izivivinyo Zokuqinisekisa Ukukhulelwa

Uma usuqala ukubona ezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, bese udidekile ngokuthi ingabe ubuhlungu bomhlane kuwuphawu lokukhulelwa ngawe, isivivinyo sokukhulelwa sizokusiza kulesi simo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezivivinyo zokukhulelwa ezivame kakhulu:

• Isivivinyo sokukhulelwa sasekhaya: Izivivinyo zokukhulelwa zasekhaya zihilela ukusebenzisa ikhithi yokuhlola ukuthola i-hCG emchameni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga le-hCG likhuphuka kakhulu emchameni nasemzimbeni ngokushesha ngemva kokukhulelwa [9].

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyindlela enembile kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa, kodwa awukwazi ukuyenza ekhaya. Kudinga ukuthi uvakashele udokotela wakho ukuze wenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulinganisa i‑hCG egazini.

Ubuhlungu Bomhlane Ku Ukukhula Kwezibungu vs Ukukhulelwa

Abesifazane abaningi ngeke baumbuzo othi, “Ingabe izinhlungu emhlane ongezansi uphawu lokukhulelwa?” noma “Ingabe izinhlungu emhlane ziyisibonakaliso sokuqala sokukhulelwa?” UNawa amanye amathiphu okuhlukanisa ukuthi izinhlungu zomhlane ongezansi zibangelwa ukukhulelwa noma cha:

1. Isikhathi Sokuqhamuka

Ubuhlungu bemhlane obuhlobene nokukhula kwezibungu ngokuvamile buvela maphakathi nomjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini, cishe ngosuku lwama‑14 uma umjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini unemihla engu‑28. Kanti ubuhlungu bomhlane uphawu lokuqala lokukhulelwa bungaqala cishe ngesikhathi sokushiyeka kokuya esikhathini noma ngesikhathi sokunamathiselwa kombungu (implantation), okuvamise ukwenzeka amasonto amabili ngemva kokukhula kwezibungu.

2. Izimpawu Ezihambisana Nakho

Esinye isibonakaliso esijwayelekile sokukhula kwezibungu (ovulation) ukuthi sithambile, futhi ungase uzizwe nezinye izimpawu, njengokushintsha kwemfihlo yesibeletho. Imfihlo yesibeletho iba mncane futhi ishele lapho usuku lokukhula kwezibungu selufikile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ungase uzwe isicanucanu, ukukhathala, noma umhlane obuhlungu uphawu lokuqala lokukhulelwa.

3. Isikhathi

Ukuvuthwa kweqanda uqobo kuthatha isikhathi esifushane, okungamahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-24 phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Yingakho ubuhlungu besikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda budlula masinyane futhi buvame ukuphela ngalolo suku. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqunjelwa emhlane ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kungaqhubeka ngezinsuku eziningana noma kuvele ngezikhawu [7].

Ezinye Izimbangela Zobuhlungu Emhlane Phakathi Nomjikelezo Wokuya Esikhathini

Ngaphandle kokuvuthwa kweqanda nokukhulelwa, kukhona nezinye izizathu ezenza ukuthi uzwe ubuhlungu emhlane phakathi nomjikelezo wakho. Lezi yilezi:

1. Isifo Sangaphambi Kokuya Esikhathini (PMS): I-PMS imelela uhla olubanzi lwezimpawu iiningi labesifazane elibuzwa ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini [8]. Lezi zimpawu zingafana nezimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, njengobuhlungu obungezansi emhlane, ukopha okuncane noma ubuhlungu kwamabele.
2. I-Endometriosis: Lesi yisimo lapho izicubu ezifanayo nendwangu yangaphakathi yesisu (uterus) ziqala ukukhula kwezinye izingxenye zezitho zokuzala zomfazi [10]. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda nangesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
3. Isifo Sokuvuvukala Esiswini (PID): Isifo sokuvuvukala esiswini (pelvic inflammatory disease) sibhekisela ekuthelelekeni kwezitho zokuzala zabesifazane ezitholakala esiswini. Lokhu kutheleleka kwezitho zokuzala kungaholela eo buhlungu emhlane kundawonye nezinye izimpawu.

Ubuhlungu Emhlane Kufanele Bukukhathaze Nini?

Ngenkathi ukopha okuncane noma ukuqunjelwa okuncane no ubuhlungu emhlane njengophawu lokukhulelwa kokuqala bu nakuba kujwayelekile, kunezimo ezidinga ukunakwa udokotela. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Ukopha okuningi noma ukuqunjelwa okukhulu.
• Ubungozi bobuhlungu obuqhubeka buba bubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Umkhuhlane noma ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka.

Ezinye Izimpawu Zokuqala Zokukhulelwa Okufanele Uzibheke

Kujwayeleke kakhulu ukuthi abesifazane babe nemibuzo enjengokuthi ubuhlungu obungezansi emhlane ingabe wuphawu lokukhulelwa kokuqala noma ingabe uhlungu emhlane luwuphawu lokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi uma bejabule ngomqondo wokukhulelwa. Uma unguye lowo wesifazane, ngaphezu kokubheka ubuhlungu emhlane njengophawu lokukhulelwa, kufanele ubheke nezinye izimpawu ezingase zikhombise ukukhulelwa kokuqala [11]. Lezi yilezi:

• Isicanucanu noma isifo sasekuseni.
• Ukuphuthelwa kokuya esikhathini.
• Ukuya endlini encane kaningi.
• Ukukhathala.
• Izinguquko esifisweni sokudla noma izifiso ezithile zokudla.

Lezi zimpawu, zihlangene nonohlu emhlane njengophawu lokukhulelwa kokuqala, ...angase asikisela ukuthi sekuyisikhathi esifanele sokwenza ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ukuze uqinisekise.

Umongo Wendaba

Ubuhlungu emhlane ongaphandle bungavela ngezikhathi ezahlukene phakathi komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kowesifazane. Lapho abesifazane bezwa lobu buhlungu ngemuva kokuvuthwa kweqanda, baqala ukuzibuza ukuthi ngabe ubuhlungu emhlane ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda bungaba uphawu lokukhulelwa yini.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe ubuhlungu obungezansi emhlane bungaba uphawu lokukhulelwa? Yebo, kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukukhulelwa kungaholela ezimpawini ezifana nobuhlungu obungezansi emhlane, kodwa akusho ukuthi yonke imihlane ebuhlungu ngemuva kwe-ovulation kusho ukuthi ukhulelwe.

Ubuhlungu obuncane obungezansi emhlane ngemuva kwe-ovulation bivame ukuba yingxenye ejwayelekile yezinguquko zomzimba kanye nezamahomoni ezenzeka emzimbeni womfazi kulesi sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uma uphinde uhlangabezane nezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa ezifana nesicanucanu, ukukhathala, noma ukuya esikhathini okungafikanga, kuwumqondo omuhle ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ekhaya noma uxhumane nodokotela wakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe izinhlungu emhlane ziyisibonakaliso sokukhulelwa kokuqala?

Imibuzo efana nokuthi ubuhlungu obungezansi emhlane ingabe buyisibonakaliso sokukhulelwa, noma ingabe umhlane obuhlungu uyisibonakaliso sokukhulelwa, ivamile kwabesifazane abazama ukukhulelwa. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ukukhulelwa kodwa azikuqinisekisi. Isikhathi, ubude besikhathi, nezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa kanye nobuhlungu obungezansi emhlane kungakusiza ukubona ukuthi ukhulelwe yini.

2. Ingabe ungakhulelwa ezinsukwini ezingu-5 ngemuva kwe-ovulation?

Ukufakelwa, okuwumzuzu lapho ukukhulelwa kuqalwa khona ngokusemthethweni, kungenzeka kuvame ukwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 ngemuva kwe-ovulation. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, iqanda elikhuliswe laya esibelethweni ukuze lifakelwe endaweni yangaphakathi yesibeletho.

Izinsiza Esetshenzisiwe

1.  Ertmann, R. K., Nicolaisdottir, D. R., Kragstrup, J., Overbeck, G., Kriegbaum, M., & Siersma, V. (2022). Inani lokubikezela lezimpawu ezivamile ekukhulelweni kokuqala mayelana nezinkinga ezizokwenzeka kamuva ekukhulelweni nangesikhathi sokubeletha. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 102(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14474 
2. Ukopha kokufakelwa: Kujwayelekile ekukhulelweni kokuqala? (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/implantation-bleeding/faq-20058257 
3. Tuckey, R. C. (2005). Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-progesterone yisibeletho somuntu. Placenta, 26(4), 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2004.06.012 
4. Brott, N. R., & Le, J. K. (2023, May 1). I-Mittelschmerz. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549822/ 
5. Pang, Y., & Thomas, P. (2018). I-progesterone ibangela ukuphumula kwamaseli emisipha egudlukayo yemithambo yegazi entanjeni ye-umbilical yomuntu nge-mPRα (PAQR7). Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 474, 20-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.003 
6. Professional, C. C. M. (2024b, May 1). Isigaba se-luteal. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24417-luteal-phase 
7. Website, N. (2024, November 14). Izinhlungu emhlane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. nhs.uk. https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/common-symptoms/back-pain/ 
8. Betz, D., & Fane, K. (2023, August 14). I-human chorionic gonadotropin. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532950/ 
9. Betz, D., & Fane, K. (2023b, August 14). I-human chorionic gonadotropin. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532950/ 
10. Allaire, C., Bedaiwy, M. A., & Yong, P. J. (2023). Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwe-endometriosis. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 195(10), E363–E371. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.220637 
11. Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zokukhulelwa? (2017, January 31). https://www.nichd.nih.gov/. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/signs