Ukumitha Ngokuvuthwa Kweqanda Sekwephuzile: Ukuqonda, Izimbangela, Nokukhulelwa

Emkhakheni wokuzala nokukhulelwa, isikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda sivame ukubhekwa njengefactor ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi ukukhulelwa ngenxa yokuvuthwa kweqanda sekwephuzile kungenzeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngokuvamile, iqanda likhululwa esibelethweni ngasenkabeni yomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kowesifazane, ngokuvamile phakathi kosuku lwe-12 nolwe-16. Nokho, ukwehluka kungaba into evamile, futhi abanye babona iqanda likhishwa sekuhambe isikhathi kunalokho okusolwa ngokomkhuba.

Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani nokuthi kanjani ukuvuthwa kweqanda kungase kubambezeleke kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile mayelana nempilo yokuzala. Inqubo uqobo lwayo incike ezimpawini zezitho zomzimba ezinzima, ebandakanya i-hypothalamus, i-pituitary gland, kanye nama-ovary, konke kusebenzisana ngokulandelana okuhlelekile. Uma noma yiliphi igxathu lokhu kusebenzisana kushintsha, usuku lokukhululwa kweqanda lungasukuma luye phambili emjikelezweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte amathuba okukhulelwa. Ukufunda ngalezi zinguquko kungasiza abantu baqaphele kangcono amaphethini abo okuzala, bathuthukise amasu okuhlela umndeni, futhi banciphise ukudideka mayelana nezinguquko zomjikelezo ezingalindelekile.

Kungani Ukuvuthwa Kweqanda Kungafika Sekwephuzile

Ukubambezeleka ekukhululweni kweqanda kungavela ngenxa yezinto eziningi, kuhlanganise nengcindezi, ukushintsha ngokuzumayo kwesisindo, noma izimo zezempilo ezifihlekile. Abanye baba nemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini engalindelekile ngenxa yokungalingani kwamahomoni okuthinta ukuphindaphinda nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda, okukhombisa indlela umzimba owazivumelanisa ngayo. Ukushintshashintsha okuncane kuvamile, futhi akusho ngokuzenzakalela ukungazali. Kunalokho, ukukhululwa kweqanda sekwephuzile kunganciphisa noma kushintshe nje iwindi lapho ukuchumiseka kungenzeka khona. Noma izibonelo ezisencwadini zifaka ukuvuthwa kweqanda eduze nenkaba yomjikelezo, impilo yangempela ivame ukweqa lo mphakathi ohlanzekile. Ukubeka ngokunembile isikhathi esivundile kakhulu kudinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela, njengokulandelela izinga lokushisa komzimba ngesikhathi sokuphumula noma ukusebenzisa amakhithi okuqagela ukuvuthwa kweqanda. Nakuba lawa mathuluzi enganikeza ukucaca, abantu abaningi basazibuza ukuthi ungavuthwa kuze kube sekwephuzile kangakanani nokuthi lokho kuthinta kanjani amathuba okukhulelwa. Ukwazi ngokujulile imijikelezo yebhayoloji yomzimba kuvula indlela yamandla amakhulu nemiphumela emihle ohambweni lokuya ebubuzini bobuzali [1].

Ukuhlola Imibono Yakudala Nezamanje

Emlandweni, kube khona abesifazane abaye bakwazi ukubona umzuzu wokukhululwa kweqanda ngale kwesikhathi esivame ukusolwa. Izigameko ezithile, njengokuvuthwa kweqanda ngosuku lwe-19 lomjikelezo, ziveza ukuthi isigaba ngasinye somjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kungaba ngokomuntu ngamunye kangakanani. Ucwaningo lwesimanje luveza ukuguquguquka kwamaphethini amahomoni, luphakamisa ukuthi izinto zemvelo, inhlalakahle yengqondo, nezakhi zofuzo konke kungaba nomthelela esikhathini esingavamile. Kulabo abathanda ukwazi lezi zinguquko, isinyathelo sokuqala ngokuvamile kuba ukulandelela imijikelezo yanyanga zonke neshadi elikhethekile lokuzala. Ngokubhala phansi izinguquko ezincane kumafinyila wesibeletho noma ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zamahomoni zasekhaya, umuntu angathola umbono ocacile wendawo yakhe yokuzala. Odokotela bavame ukubheka ubude bomjikelezo phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-21 nezingu-35 njengokujwayelekile, kodwa lolu hlu olubanzi luveza indlela umzimba ngamunye osebenza ngayo ngendlela ehlukile. Ukuqonda le mizimuzwana kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka okungadingekile mayelana nehlelo lokuvuthwa kweqanda elingajwayelekile futhi kukhuthaze ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi kakhulu ngokufunda kabanzi ngezindaba zokuzala [2].

Ukubhekana Nemibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngomjikelezo

Phakathi kwemibuzo ebuzwa njalo yilabo abazama ukukhulelwa kukhona ethi, “ingabe ungavuthwa ngosuku lwe-21?” Lo mbuzo uveza iqiniso lokuthi imijikelezo yabantu ayilandelani ngaso sonke isikhathi nesibonelo esisekhasini lesincwadi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu ukhishwa iqanda ngosuku lwe-14 noma usuku lwe-21, amandla okuvundisa asasekelwe ekutholakaleni kweqanda elinempilo nesidoda esanele. Nokho, uma ukwanda kwe-luteinizing hormone kufika sekuhambe isikhathi kunalokho obekulindelwe, kungashintsha isikhathi esifanele socansi noma izindlela zokuzala. Abanye abantu ngokwemvelo banomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini omude, odlula izinsuku ezingama-28, okwenza ukuvuthwa kweqanda ngosuku lwe-21 kube into evamile. Kwezinye izimo, ezinye izimo zempilo, njengomfutho wezifo ze-polycystic ovary syndrome, zingaba nomthelela ekubambezelekeni kokukhululwa kweqanda. Ukwamukela lezi zinguquko kukhuthaza ukuqonda kangcono isimo sokuzala futhi kusiza abantu bahlele imizamo yokukhulelwa ngokuvumelana nesikhathi sangempela somzimba, kungakhathaliseki izinkinga zomjikelezo zanyanga zonke [3].

Ukucabangela Imithombo Emikhulu Ethinta Umjikelezo Wokuya Esikhathini

Esizindeni esibanzi senhlalakahle yokuzala, ukuvuthwa kweqanda ngosuku lwe-19 kungavela uma umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ufinyelela cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-33. Lesi sikhathi sisalokhu sinikeza ithuba elihle lokukhulelwa, uma nje kunesidoda esinempilo. Umjikelezo ngamunye uyinhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamahomoni, futhi okungase kubonakale sekwephuzile kumuntu oyedwa kungaba kujwayelekile komunye. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezinto ezingaba nomthelela, okuhlanganisa isimo sokudla, ukusebenza kwe-thyroid, nemikhuba yokuphila yonke, kungaveza ukuthi yini ebangela ukuvuthwa kweqanda sekwephuzile futhi kuholele ezixazululweni ezenzelwe umuntu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhilela ukuhlela kabusha indlela odla ngayo noma ukuthola izindlela zokunciphisa ingcindezi yansuku zonke, izinguquko ezincane zingaletha imiphumela emikhulu ekulinganiseni kabusha amazinga amahomoni. Uma kuvela izinselele eziqhubekayo, ukubonana nodokotela ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuthuthukile, njengokuhlolwa nge-ultrasound noma amahaneli amahomoni, kungaveza izinkinga ezifihlekile futhi kunikeze ukungenelela okuqondiswe ekubuyiseleni imijikelezo elindelekile.

Ukukhulelwa Uma Ukuvuthwa Kweqanda Kubambezeleka

Yize kunezinkolelo ezingalungile zokuthi ukukhululwa kweqanda sekwephuzile kusho ukuthi awusoze wathola umphumela omuhle, ukukhulelwa ngenxa yokuvuthwa kweqanda sekwephuzile kungenzeka uma isikhathi sihambisana kahle. Iqanda lihlala likwazi ukuchumiseka isikhathi esifushane, cishe amahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-24 ngemuva kokukhululwa. Isidoda, ngakolunye uhlangothi, singahlala ohlelweni lokuzala kufika ezinsukwini ezinhlanu. Ngakho-ke, ukubona ngokunembile umzuzu wokuvuthwa kweqanda kubalulekile ekwandiseni amathuba okukhulelwa. Kulabo abasola ukubambezeleka emaphethini abo ajwayelekile omjikelezo, imizamo embalwa ecwangciswe kahle yocansi ingaba nemiphumela emihle uma isidoda sikhona ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulandelela ezinye izimpawu, njengokwanda koketshezi lwesibeletho kanye nobuhlungu obuncane esiswini, kungasiza ukubeka isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuzama ukuchumisa iqanda. Ngokwazi indlela amahomoni alawulwa ngayo ngendlela eguqukayo, abantu bangakwazi ukubhekana nokudumala okungenzeka ngokuthula, bagcine ithemba, futhi baqhubeke nokusebenza ngokuzimisela ezifisweni zabo zokukhulelwa.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe yokuthi ungakuhlukanisa kanjani phakathi kokubambezeleka kokuya esikhathini nezimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ungafunda indatshana yethu ethi late period or pregnant.

Ukuphenya Izinguquko Esigabeni Se-Luteal

Isibonelo, nakuba kuthiwa umjikelezo ojwayelekile ujikeleza emuva ngosuku lwe-21 lokuvuthwa kweqanda kwezinye izimo, kukhona nezikhathi lapho usuku lokuvuthwa kweqanda lwe-22 luvela esikhundleni salokho. Ukushintsha ngakunye kulezi kunomthelela esigabeni somjikelezo esilandelayo, ikakhulukazi isigaba se-luteal, esivame ukuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-14. Uma umuntu ebona ukukhululwa kweqanda ekupheleni komjikelezo, angathola ukuthi ukuya esikhathini okulandelayo kufika sekuhambe isikhathi kunalokho okulindelekile, kuholele ekudidekeni mayelana nokuthi ngabe ukufakwa komzimba kwenzekile yini yini. Ukuze kucace le mizwa yokungabaza, amathuluzi afana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulandelela umjikelezo wokuzala, amakhithi okuvuthwa kweqanda asekhaya, kanye nesiqondiso sodokotela kungaba usizo olukhulu. Ukubona usuku lwe-22 lokuvuthwa kweqanda noma olunye usuku olungalindelekile kuba into engaphazamisi kangako uma lezi zindlela zokulandelela ngokuhleleka zisetshenziswa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqonda kangcono amaphethini amahomoni anembile kunciphisa ukukhathazeka okungadingekile mayelana nokungajwayelekile komjikelezo, kunciphise ukukhathazeka ngamahhashi wokuchumisa asekuhambeni [4].

Kulabo abavuthwa iqanda kusenesikhathi bakhulelwe, ukuqonda imiphumela yokuvuthwa kweqanda kusenesikhathi kunganikeza olunye ulwazi ohambweni lwakho lokuzala.

Ukuvumelanisa Izinto Zendlela Yokuphila

Abantu ababona ukuthi bavuthwa iqanda sekwephuzile emjikelezweni bavame ukubuyekeza izinto ezingase zibe nomthelela kulowo mkhuba. Izinga eliphezulu lokukhathazeka lingaphazamisa izimpawu ezijwayelekile zamahomoni, kanjalo nezinguquko ezinkulu zesisindo noma izinhlelo zokuzivocavoca ezinzima. Ngokuzama amasu afana nobuchwepheshe bokuzindla, ukuzivocavoca okulinganisekile, nokudla okulinganiselayo, umuntu angakhuthaza uhlelo olujwayelekile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubona izifo ezingaphansi njengokumelana ne-insulin noma izifo ze-thyroid kunganikeza indlela ecacile eya esimweni esizinzile sokuvuthwa kweqanda. Noma nini lapho lezi zinkinga ziqhubeka, ukufuna umbono wochwepheshe bezempilo kuqinisekisa ukuthi kwenziwa izivivinyo ezifanele. Uma umuntu eqinisekisa usuku lokuvuthwa kweqanda lwe-22 lomjikelezo, isibonelo, angalungisa indlela abheka ngayo imisebenzi egxile ekukhulelweni, eqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinhlelo zokuzama ukukhulelwa zihambisana newindi elibuyekeziwe. Lolu lwazi lunika amandla izifiso zesikhashana nezesiwudlule ekwakheni noma ekwandiseni umndeni, ngisho noma imijikelezo ingajwayelekile.

Ukuphatha Izici Zengqondo Nezomzwelo

Izinto ezingokwengqondo nezomzwelo nazo zihlangana nezinqubo zebhayoloji, okusho ukuthi ukunciphisa ingcindezi kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amandla okuzala. Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezinqondile zokugcina impilo yengqondo—njengokwenza i-yoga, ukubhala idayari, noma ukufuna usizo lokwelulekwa—kungasiza ukulungisa izimpawu zamahomoni. Ngisho nezinguquko ezincane endleleni yokuphila, njengokulala ngendlela elandelanayo, zingadala indawo ezinzile yokuvuthwa kweqanda. Nakuba ukukhululwa kweqanda sekwephuzile kunezilinganiso kungafanele kuthuse ngokuzenzakalela, kuhlakaniphile ukulalela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezithatha isikhathi eside ezingase zikhombise inkinga efuna ukunakwa kochwepheshe. Ngokubambisana nochwepheshe bezempilo, abantu bangathola ukuthi kukhona yini into engelapheka noma ukuthi ukubambezeleka kuyingxenye yokwehluka kwabo kwemvelo. Ukuhlela ukukhulelwa-ke kuba kuncane ngokulandela izinsuku eziqinile futhi kube kakhulu ngokuvumelana nomzimba wakho oyingqayizivele. Ekugcineni, inhloso wukwakha umbono onolwazi, ovumela ukuxhumana okungcono nochwepheshe bezokwelapha nokunciphisa ukukhathazeka ngezinguquko ezincane [5].

Okubaluleke Kakhulu

Ukukhulelwa ngenxa yokuvuthwa kweqanda sekwephuzile kuvame ukuvusa isifiso esikhulu sokwazi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanezimpawu zomjikelezo ezingajwayelekile. Lokhu kugcizelela ukwehluka kwe-physiology yokuzala futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhulelwa akuboshwe ohlelweni olulodwa olujwayelekile. Ngokufunda ukulandelela izinguquko zamahomoni, ukunaka izimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kwamafinyila wesibeletho, nokwamukela indlela yokuphila elinganiselayo, imibhangqwana ingakhulisa amathuba abo empumelelo. Nakuba ukukhululwa kweqanda sekwephuzile kungase kubonakale ekuqaleni kwenza uhambo lube nzima, empeleni kunganikeza ukuqonda ngobuchwepheshe bomzimba wokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Umehluko wobude bomjikelezo awusho ukuthi ukukhulelwa okunempilo akunakwenzeka; uveza nje ukubaluleka kokuqonda imijikelezo yomuntu siqu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu ubona ushintsho ngosuku lwe-19, usuku lwe-21, noma usuku lwe-22, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala ebhekile ezimpawini zomzimba nokufuna isiqondiso sodokotela lapho kudingeka. Ngokwazi, ukubekezela, nenethiwekhi yokusekela, abantu bangaguqula ukukhathazeka ngenxa yokuvuthwa kweqanda sekwephuzile kube ukuzethemba, bakhe indlela yethemba yokwakha umndeni ohambisana nesikhathi sabo esiyingqayizivele. Ukusekelwa kochwepheshe, kanye nokulandelela okuqhubekayo, kunganciphisa ukungaqiniseki futhi kwandise amathuba omphumela ofiswayo.

Izinkomba

1. Su HW, Yi YC, Wei TY, Chang TC, Cheng CM. Detection of ovulation, a review of currently available methods. Bioeng Transl Med. 2017 May 16;2(3):238-246. doi: 10.1002/btm2.10058. PMID: 29313033; PMCID: PMC5689497.
2. Katz DF. Human cervical mucus: research update. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Dec;165(6 Pt 2):1984-6. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(11)90559-6. PMID: 1755453.
3. Wilcox AJ, Dunson D, Baird DD. The timing of the "fertile window" in the menstrual cycle: day specific estimates from a prospective study. BMJ. 2000 Nov 18;321(7271):1259-62. doi: 10.1136/bmj.321.7271.1259. PMID: 11082086; PMCID: PMC27529.
4. Reed BG, Carr BR. The Normal Menstrual Cycle and the Control of Ovulation. [Updated 2018 Aug 5]. In: Feingold KR, Ahmed SF, Anawalt B, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/
5. Bagherzadeh, R., Gharibi, T., Safavi, B. et al. Pregnancy; an opportunity to return to a healthy lifestyle: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 21, 751 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04213-6