Inkathi Yokugcina Yokuya Esikhathini Ngaphambi Kokukhulelwa: Ukuqonda Uhlelo Lwesikhathi

Kwabesifazane abaningi, ukuthola ukuthi bakhulelwe kuvame ukuhambisana nokubheka emuva umjikelezo wabo wokuya esikhathini, ikakhulukazi begxila esikhathini sabo sokugcina ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ukuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kwesikhathi sakho sokugcina sokuya esikhathini (LMP) nokukhulelwa kubalulekile ekubaleni izigaba ezibalulekile zokukhulelwa, njengezinsuku ozolethwa ngazo nokuthi izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa zingavela nini.

Kungani Isikhathi Sokugcina Sibalulekile

Isikhathi sokugcina ngaphambi kokukhulelwa sinomthelela omkhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi usekhulelwe izinyanga/amasonto amangaki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi lochwepheshe bezempilo libala ubude bokukhulelwa kusukela osukwini lokuqala lwakho lwesikhathi sokugcina sokuya esikhathini, hhayi kusukela ngosuku lokukhulelwa. Le ndlela iyindlela ejwayelekile ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuchaza usuku oluqondile lokukhulelwa. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukukhulelwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka cishe amasonto amabili ngemva kwe-LMP yakho, nakuba lokhu kungahluka kuye ngomjikelezo womuntu ngamunye.[1]

Umjikelezo Wokuya Esikhathini Uhlobene Kanjani Nokukhulelwa

Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kwesikhathi sokugcina, kuyasiza ukuchaza umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Umjikelezo ojwayelekile wokuya esikhathini uhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-28, nakuba lokhu kungahluka kakhulu kowesifazane nomunye. I-ovulation, isikhathi lapho iqanda likhishwa esibelethweni (ovary), ngokuvamile kwenzeka cishe ngosuku lwe-14 lomjikelezo, uma kubhekwa umjikelezo wezinsuku ezingama-28. Uma ukukhulelwa kwenzeka, kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwamahora ayi-12 kuya kwangama-24 ngemva kwe-ovulation. Isidoda singaphila emgudwini wokuzala isikhathi esingafika ezinsukwini ezinhlanu, okusho ukuthi ukukhulelwa kungenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokwabelana ucansi.

Izinsuku eziphakathi kwe-ovulation nesikhathi esilandelayo zaziwa ngokuthi isigaba se-luteal, esivame ukuba phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-16 ubude baso. Uma iqanda lifuthwa (lifakwa isidoda), lihamba phansi ithebhulethi ye-fallopian bese lizifaka odongeni lwesibeletho. Kwabesifazane abaningi, le nkathi emva kokukhulelwa nangaphambi kokulahlekelwa isikhathi yisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi bangase bakhulelwe, nakuba abanye besifazane bangase babe nokuhlaselwa yizintlungu zokubamba esiswini ezibangelwa ukukhulelwa noma bakhishwe igazi elincane.[2]

Amasonto Angakanani Ngemva Kokukhulelwa?

Nje lapho ukukhulelwa sekube khona, abesifazane abaningi bafisa ukwazi, “amasonto angakanani ngemva kokukhulelwa lapho ukukhulelwa kubhekwa ngokusemthethweni?” Nakuba ukukhulelwa ngokomzimba kuqala ngesikhathi iqanda lifuthwa, odokotela nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo baqala ukubala ukukhulelwa kusukela osukwini lokuqala lwesikhathi sakho sokugcina. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi usuku oluqondile lokukhulelwa luvame ukuba nzima ukuluqinisekisa. Lapho usuye waphoqeka ukulahlekelwa isikhathi sakho esilandelayo, empeleni usuke ubhekwa sengathi ukhulelwe cishe amasonto amane, nakuba ukukhulelwa kwenzeke cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambilini.

Isibonelo, uma uzibuza ukuthi amasonto angakanani ngemva kokukhulelwa lapho ezinye izigaba zokukhulelwa zenzeka khona, i-LMP yakho isiza ukusetha isheduli. Kubantu abaningi, ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa okuhle (positive) kungatholakala cishe amasonto amabili ngemva kokukhulelwa, cishe ngesikhathi sokulahlekelwa isikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amahomoni okukhulelwa, njenge-hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), athatha isikhathi ukuze akheke ngezinga elingatholakala emzimbeni.

Indima Yesikhathi Sokugcina EkuBaleni Usuku Lokulethwa

Usuku lokuqala lwesikhathi sakho sokugcina ngaphambi kokukhulelwa lubalulekile ekubaleni usuku ozolethwa ngalo. Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa indlela eyaziwa ngokuthi umthetho ka-Naegele (Naegele’s rule) ukubala usuku lokulethwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthatha usuku lokuqala lwesikhathi sokugcina, wengeze izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, bese ususa izinyanga ezintathu kanti wengeze unyaka ukuze uthole usuku lokulethwa olulinganiselwayo.

Isibonelo, uma usuku lokuqala lwesikhathi sakho sokugcina lube nguJanuwari 1, usuku ozolethwa ngalo luzobalwa lube ngu-Okthoba 8. Lokhu kubalwa kuthatha ukuthi umjikelezo wakho uyi-28 days, ngakho abesifazane abanomjikelezo ongajwayelekile bangase badinge ukulungiswa kosuku abalunikeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilinganiso ze-ultrasound ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa zingacacisa kangcono usuku lokulethwa.

Ukuqonda Umehluko Phakathi Kokuya Esikhathini Nokuphuma Kwegazi Kwasekuqaleni Kokukhulelwa

Abesifazane abaningi badideka phakathi kokuphuma kwegazi okuncane kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa nokuba nesikhathi esilula, ikakhulukazi uma ukopha kwenzeka cishe ngesikhathi ababekulindele isikhathi esilandelayo. Nokho, lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kuvame ukuba ukubopha kwe-implantation, okwenzeka lapho iqanda elivundisiwe lizibopha odongeni lwesibeletho. Ukuphuma kwegazi kwe-implantation kuvame ukuba kuncane kakhulu kunesikhathi esijwayelekile futhi kungahlala usuku olulodwa noma amabili kuphela.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ukopha okwenzeka kuwukugcina kwesikhathi sakho ngaphambi kokukhulelwa noma ukubopha kwe-implantation, kungcono uqaphele ukuthi ukugeleza kwegazi kunjani. Ukuphuma kwegazi kwe-implantation kuvame ukuba kuncane kakhulu futhi akwandisi amandla, ngokungafani nesikhathi esijwayelekile, esiqala sibe lula bese siba nzima.[3]

Izimpawu Zokukhulelwa Kwangoko Nesikhathi Sokugcina

Kulabo abalandela imijikelezo yabo, ukubona ukuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa ngokushesha ngemva kwesikhathi sokugcina ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kungaba wuphawu lokuqala lokukhulelwa. Izimpawu ezivamile zokuqala zifaka:

• Ukukhathala
• Isicanucanu noma i-morning sickness
• Ukuqubuka nobuhlungu kwamabele
• Ukuya endlini yangasese kaningi
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane (ukuphuma kwegazi kwe-implantation)

Lezi zimpawu zingaqala kusenesikhathi njengezinsuku ezingu-14 ngemva kokukhulelwa, cishe ngesikhathi sokulahlekelwa isikhathi. Nokho, izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu.

Okufanele Ukukhumbule

Isikhathi sakho sokugcina ngaphambi kokukhulelwa siyisikhombisi esibalulekile ekunqumeni isheduli yokukhulelwa kwakho, kusukela ekubaleni usuku ozolethwa ngalo kuya ekulandeleni ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu zokuqala. Kungase kumangaze ukuthi ukukhulelwa kubalwa kusukela osukwini lokuqala lwesikhathi sakho sokugcina, kodwa le ndlela inikeza indlela esebenzayo yokulinganisa izigaba ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma usuku oluqondile lokukhulelwa lungacaci. Ngokuthi uqonde ubudlelwano phakathi komjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini nokukhulelwa, ungalandela kangcono ukukhulelwa kwakho futhi ulindele uhambo olujabulisayo olukulindile.

Izinsiza-

1. Savitz DA, Terry JW Jr, Dole N, Thorp JM Jr, Siega-Riz AM, Herring AH. Ukufanisa izindlela zokulinganisa usuku lokukhulelwa kusetshenziswa isikhathi sokugcina sokuya esikhathini, i-ultrasound, nokuhlanganiswa kwazo. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Dec;187(6):1660-6. doi:10.1067/mob.2002.127601. PMID: 12501080.
2. Kolstad HA, Bonde JP, Hjøllund NH, Jensen TK, Henriksen TB, Ernst E, Giwercman A, Skakkebaek NE, Olsen J. Iphethini yomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini nokuzala: ucwaningo lokulandela phambili mayelana nokukhulelwa nokulahleka kwangakuqala kwe-embryo kubabhangqwana abangu-295 ababebhekene nokuhlela ukukhulelwa kwabo kokuqala. Fertil Steril. 1999 Mar;71(3):490-6. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00474-9. PMID: 10065787.
3. Hasan R, Baird DD, Herring AH, Olshan AF, Jonsson Funk ML, Hartmann KE. Amaphethini nezinto ezibikezelayo zokuphuma kwegazi esithweni sangasese sowesifazane esigabeni sokuqala sokukhulelwa. Ann Epidemiol. 2010 Jul;20(7):524-31. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.02.006. PMID: 20538195; PMCID: PMC2884141.