Ingabe ukungabi nendlala kuyisimpawu sokukhulelwa? Ukuqonda izinguquko zendlala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ukukhulelwa kuletha izinguquko eziningi emzimbeni wowesifazane, kusukela emivimbeleni yamahomoni eguquguqukayo kuya ezidingweni zokudla ezishintshayo. Phakathi kwezimpawu ezaziwayo zokuqala ezifana nesicanucanu, ukukhathala, nokulangazelela ukudla okuthile, abanye abesifazane bangase babe nokuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla. Kodwa ingabe ukungabi nesifiso sokudla kuyimpawu yokukhulelwa? Lesi sihloko sizohlola le mpawu engakhulunywa kakhulu, izimbangela zayo, nokuthi ihlobana kanjani nolwazi olubanzi lokukhulelwa.
Ukukhulelwa kuvame ukuhambisana nezinguquko ezinkulu emahomoni, ikakhulukazi i-estrogen ne-progesterone. Le mivimbo emahomoni ingashintsha indlela owesifazane anuka ngayo noma anambithe ngayo, okungaba nomthelela ezinguqukweni zesifiso sokudla. Kwezinye, lokhu kuholela ekulangazeleleni okunamandla, kanti kwabanye kungaholela ekwehleni okusobala kwendlala. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo obuzwa abesifazane abaningi: Ingabe ukungabi nesifiso sokudla kuyisibonakaliso sokukhulelwa?
Nakuba ingakhulunywa kaningi njengokulangazelela ukudla okuthile, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa ngempela kuyimpawu ebonwayo. Abanye abesifazane bazithola belokhu belwa nokudla yize bazi ukuthi ukudla okunempilo kubalulekile empilweni yabo nentuthuko yengane.
Izimbangela Zokulahlekelwa Isifiso Sokudla Ekuqaleni Kokukhulelwa
- Morning Sickness: Isicanucanu sasekuseni, noma isicanucanu nokuhlanza, kuthinta abaningi abesifazane abakhulelwe, ikakhulukazi ngekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Ihomoni ebizwa ngokuthi i-GDF15 ibangela isicanucanu nokuhlanza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Abanye abesifazane bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana ne-ukubanda ngekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa, okungakhulisa ukungakhululeki. Uma kukhona isicanucanu, kungaholela ekuzondeni ukudla kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukudla ukudla okuvamile. Lokhu kungaholela ezikhathini lapho owesifazane ezizwa enakho kancane noma engenasifiso nhlobo sokudla, okumenza azibuze, ingabe ukungabi nesifiso sokudla kuyimpawu yokukhulelwa? Kulesi simo, isicanucanu uqobo salo, kunokuntuleka kwendlala, sivame ukuba yisizathu esiyisisekelo. Ukulandelela izimpawu kusukela esikhathini sokugcina sokuya esikhathini kungasiza ekutholeni izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, kuhlanganise nezinguquko esifisweni sokudla [1].
- Izinguquko Zamahomoni: Ama-hormone afana ne-progesterone ne-estrogen ayanda ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. La ma-hormone athinta uhlelo lokugaya ukudla futhi angaholela ekugayweni kokudla kancane, okungabangela umuzwa wokusutha nokungazizwa ulambile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga akhulayo e-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), i-hormone enesibopho sokuqhubekisela phambili ukukhulelwa kokuqala, ahlotshaniswa kakhulu nesicanucanu nokungabi nalukuluku lokudla [2].
- Ingcindezi Nokukhathazeka: Ukukhulelwa kungaba isikhathi esinzima ngokomzwelo, ikakhulukazi kwabomama abakhulelwe okokuqala. Ingcindezi nokukhathazeka, kungaba ngomntwana, impilo, noma ezinye izinguquko empilweni, kungafaka isandla ekwehleni kwesifiso sokudla. Ezinye izifazane zingathola ukuthi azisadli kakhulu nje ngoba zikhungathekile, kanti umcabango wokudla uba awunambitheki [3].
Ingabe Ukungabi Nalukuluku Lokudla Kuyisibonakaliso Sokukhulelwa?
Izifazane eziningi ziba nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezifweni zokuqala zokukhulelwa, kodwa ingabe ukungabi nalukuluku lokudla kuyisibonakaliso sokukhulelwa okufanele abesifazane banake? Nakuba kungesona isibonakaliso esaziwa kakhulu, sisabhekwa njengophawu olusemthethweni kwabanye. Ukungabi nalukuluku lokudla kungahamba nezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa ezifana nokukhathala, ukuchama kaningi, nokuguquguquka kwemizwa.
Ezinye izifazane zingase futhi zibe nokwenyanya ukudla okuthile ababekujabulela phambilini. Iphunga, ukunambitheka, noma ngisho nokucabanga nje ngokudla okuthile kungavusa igagasi lesicanucanu, kuholele ekungafuni ukudla ngokujwayelekile [4].
Ukubhekana Nokungabi Nalukuluku Lokudla
Ukuzwa ukungabi nalukuluku lokudla ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungakhathaza, ikakhulukazi kubomama abafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi banikeza usana olukhulayo ukudla okwanele. Nawa amanye amacebo ongawasebenzisa:
- Ukudla okuncane, okuvamile: Esikhundleni sokuzama ukudla ukudla okukhulu kanye, ukukhetha ukudla okuncane, kaningi phakathi nosuku kungakusiza uthole amavithamini namandla adingekayo ngaphandle kokuzizwa unyanyeka ukudla.
- Hlale unamanzi emzimbeni: Noma ukudla kunzima, ukugcina umzimba unamanzi kubalulekile kakhulu. Ukuphuza amanzi, itiye lezihlahla (herbal tea), noma amasobho alula kungagcina izinga lamanzi emzimbeni liphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma uphinde ubhekene nesicanucanu sasekuseni.
- Ijinja ne-lemon: Lezi zindlela zemvelo zingasiza ukwehlisa isicanucanu, okungasiza ekulawuleni ukungabi nalukuluku lokudla. Iziphuzo zengxube yejinja noma amanzi anelemon anganciphisa isicanucanu esihambisana nokwenyanya ukudla.
- Ukubonana nochwepheshe bezempilo: Uma ukuntuleka kwendlala sekuba inkinga enkulu, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wakho noma udokotela wezokudla. Bangakusiza uthole ezinye izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola amavithamini nezakhamzimba ezidingekayo zokukhulelwa okunempilo.
Nini Okufanele Ukhathazeke Ngokulahlekelwa Yindlala
Nakuba ukwehla kwendlala kuvame ukuba yingxenye yemvelo futhi yesikhashana yokukhulelwa, kukhona izikhathi lapho kungase kubonise inkinga enkulu kakhulu. Uma ukulahlekelwa yindlala njengophawu lokuqala lokukhulelwa kuhambisana nokulahlekelwa isisindo okukhulu, ukukhathala okwedlulele, noma isicanucanu esingapheli, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nochwepheshe bezempilo. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise i-hyperemesis gravidarum, uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-“morning sickness” olungaholela ekushodayeni kwamanzi emzimbeni nasekushodayeni kokudla okunomsoco.
Okubalulekile
Ngakho-ke, ingabe ukungabi nendlala kuwuphawu lokukhulelwa? Ngamafuphi, kungenzeka. Nakuba kungebona bonke abesifazane abazozwa ukulahlekelwa yindlala, futhi kungase kungabi yisibonakaliso esaziwa kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuthinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Ingabe ukulahlekelwa yindlala kuwuphawu lokukhulelwa okufanele ukunakwa? Yebo, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa noma sekuqala ukuthinta inhlalakahle yakho yonke.
Uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa yindlala njengophawu lokuqala lokukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuthola izindlela zokunondisa umzimba wakho ngezingxenyana ezincane, ezilawulekayo futhi uhlale uxhumene eduze nodokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wezempilo. Nakuba kungase kungakhululeki ekuqaleni, lesi sifo, njengezinye izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa eziningi, ngokuvamile siya siphele njengoba ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka futhi umzimba ujwayela “okujwayelekile” kwawo okusha.
Imithombo yolwazi
- Fejzo, M., Rocha, N., Cimino, I. et al. I-GDF15 ihlotshaniswa nobungozi bukamama bokuhlanza nokuzwa isicanucanu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Nature 625, 760–767 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06921-9
- Pascual ZN, Langaker MD. I-Physiology, Ukukhulelwa. [Updated 2023 May 16]. Ku: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559304
- Bergeron J, Cederkvist L, Fortier I, Rod NH, Andersen PK, Andersen AN. Ukucindezeleka kukamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nobude besikhathi sokukhulelwa: Ucwaningo lweqoqo oluvela ku-Danish National Birth Cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2023 Jan;37(1):45-56. doi:10.1111/ppe.12918. Epub 2022 Aug 7. PMID: 35934879; PMCID: PMC10087198.
- Patil CL. Imizwa yendlala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa phakathi kwabantu besifazane abazilimo-nemfuyo emaphandleni aseTanzania. Ecol Food Nutr. 2012;51(5):431-43. doi:10.1080/03670244.2012.696012. PMID: 22881359.
