Ngibe nobulili ngaphandle kokuzivikela, kufanele ngenzeni?

Abesifazane abaningi bakhetha izindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa ukuze bagweme ukukhulelwa ngezizathu zezezimali, zobuqu, noma zendlela yokuphila. Nokho, naphezu kohlelo olunakekelwe kahle, izimo ezingalindelekile zingaholela ekubeni kube nobulili ongevikeliwe.

Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, umbuzo ojwayelekile abesifazane abawubuzayo uthi, “Ngibe nobulili ongevikeliwe kufanele ngenzeni?” Hhayi-ke, ubulili ongevikeliwe akuholeli njalo ekukhulelweni; ikakhulukazi kunamathuba amancane okubangela ukukhulelwa uma kwenzeka ngaphandle kwefasitela lokuzala kowesifazane [1].

Kulesi sihloko, sizozwisisa ukuthi kuyini ifasitela lokuzala kowesifazane, kungani ubulili ongevikeliwe ngaphandle kwefasitela lokuzala kunamathuba amancane okubangela ukukhulelwa, nokuthi yiziphi izinketho zokuvikela okuphuthumayo ekukhulelweni emva kobulili ongevikeliwe.

Umehluko Phakathi Kwefasitela Lokuzala Nowelingazali Kowesifazane

Ukuze uphendule ukuthi kungani ingozi yokukhulelwa ihlukahluka, kudingeka uqale uqonde umjikelezo wokuzala noma wokuya esikhathini kowesifazane [2]. Umjikelezo kowesifazane ungahlukaniswa ube yizigaba ezimbili ngokusekelwe enganoyikweni wokukhulelwa.

Isigaba esisodwa, esaziwa ngokuthi ifasitela lokuzala, yileso sikhathi lapho owesifazane enamathuba amakhulu kakhulu okukhulelwa. Lesi sikhathi ngokuvamile sihlala cishe izinsuku eziyisithupha, kufaka phakathi usuku lokukhishwa kweqanda nezinsuku ezinhlanu eziholela ekukhishweni kweqanda.

Ukukhishwa kweqanda kwenzeka lapho iqanda likhishwa esibelethweni (ovary) futhi selitholakala ukuze lichamiswe. Iqanda lihlala likwazi ukuchamiseka cishe amahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-24 kuphela, okunciphisa iwindi lokuchamiseka [1].

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lelo ifasitela elingazali ubandakanya wonke umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini osele. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngisho noma kuba nobulili ongevikeliwe, amathuba okukhulelwa mancane kakhulu ngoba akukho qanda elitholakalayo ukuze lichamise. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umjikelezo ungahluka phakathi kwabantu futhi ubehlukile nenyanga nenyanga.

Umthombo Wesithombe: https://flo.health/getting-pregnant/trying-to-conceive/fertility/fertile-window 

Ubulili Obungevikeliwe Ngesikhathi Sefasitela Lokuzala

Uma ubulili ongevikeliwe benzeka phakathi kwefasitela lokuzala — izinsuku ezi-5 ngaphambi kokukhishwa kweqanda nosuku lokukhishwa kweqanda — amathuba okukhulelwa ayanda kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isidoda singahlala esithunjini sokuzala sowesifazane kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezinhlanu, silinde ukuthi iqanda likhishwe [1]. Uma ukukhishwa kweqanda kwenzeka, izimo ziba zilungele ngokuphelele ukuchamiseka kwesidoda esiqandeni.

Noma ngabe uphuthelwa usuku oluqageliwe lokukhishwa kweqanda kancane, kusengaba khona ingozi enkulu yokukhulelwa uma isidoda sikhona. Lesi sikhathi yiso esenza izinketho eziningi zokuvikela okuphuthumayo ekukhulelweni zisebenze kangcono uma uzisebenzisa masinyane emva kokuba ube nobulili ongevikeliwe [3].

Lobu bungozi obenyukayo ngesikhathi sokuzala (fertile period) yikho okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ijikelezo lakho, ikakhulukazi uma uthembele ekubhekeni isikhathi njengendlela yokuvikela inzalo. Ukuthembela kuphela ekubhekeni isikhathi somjikelezo wakho kungaba yinto ongayithemba, futhi ngisho nezibalo ezincane ezingalungile zingaholela ekukhulelweni ongakulindele.

Uma uludinga ulwazi olunzulu mayelana namathuba akho okukhulelwa ngemva kwesikhathi esisodwa sokwabelana ucansi ngaphandle kokuzivikela, bheka i-athikili yethu ethi 'Yiziphi Izinto Ezithinta Amathuba Okukhulelwa Ngemva Kokwabelana Ucansi Kanye Kuphela Ngokungasebenzisi Izindlela Zokuvikela?' ukuze uthole incazelo eningiliziwe.

Okufanele ukwenze emva kokwabelana ucansi ngaphandle kokuzivikela

Uma ukhathazekile uthi, Ngikwabelane ngocansi ngaphandle kokuzivikela kufanele ngenzeni, kukhona ezinye izinketho ezitholakalayo ezingakusiza. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Cabanga nge-Emergency Contraception

I-emergency contraception isiza ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngemva kokwabelana ucansi ngaphandle kokuzivikela ngokubambezela ukuvuthwa kweqanda noma ukuvimbela inhlanyelo ukuba ivundise iqanda. Inamathuba aphezulu empumelelo uma isetshenziswa masinyane ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinketho ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ze-emergency contraception zihlanganisa:

Amaphilisi e-Emergency Contraception (ECPs)

Aziwaziwa nangokuthi “ipilisi lokusasa ekuseni,” la mapilisi akhelwe ukuba athathwe phakathi nesikhathi esithile ngemva kokwabelana ucansi ngaphandle kokuzivikela. Uma ethathwa masinyane, kuba namathuba aphezulu okuthi avimbele ukukhulelwa ngempumelelo [4].

Kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-emergency contraception, njengephilisi le-levonorgestrel, elaziwa kakhulu njenge-Plan B, kanye namaphilisi e-ulipristal acetate [5]. Kokubili kusebenza ngokubambezela ukuvuthwa kweqanda (ovulation), ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise amathuba okuthi iqanda litholakale ukuze livenyezelwe.

I-IUD yethusi

Kwezinye izimo, idivayisi yethusi yangaphakathi esibelethweni (IUD) ingasetshenziswa njenge-emergency contraception uma ifakwa ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezinhlanu emva kokwabelana ucansi ngaphandle kokuzivikela [6]. I-copper IUD isebenza ngokudala indawo enobuthi kwizidoda. Iphinde ivimbele nokunamathiselwa kweqanda ezindongeni zesibeletho ngisho noma ukufakelana kwenzeka.

Le ndlela isebenza kakhulu futhi inikeza nokuvikelwa kokukhulelwa kwesikhathi eside. Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi ama-IUD ethusi asebenza kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-10 ekuvimbeleni ukukhulelwa [6].

2. Xhumana Nochwepheshe Wezempilo

Uma ungaqiniseki ngezinyathelo okufanele uzithathe ngemva kokulala ocansini ungenalutho oluvikelayo, ukuxhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo kuhlale kuyisinqumo esihle. Bangakuqinisekisa isikhathi somjikelezo wakho futhi bakusize uhlole ubungozi bakho bokukhulelwa ngendlela efanele.

Bazoxoxa ngendlela efanele kakhulu yemishanguzo yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa okuphuthumayo ngokuya ngomlando wakho wezempilo futhi bakunikeze ukuqondiswa mayelana nokuthi nini okufanele wenze ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa. Ungabuza futhi imibuzo noma ukhathazeke kudokotela noma unesi mayelana nempilo yakho yokuzala.

3. Cabanga Ngokuzihlola Ukukhulelwa

Ngenkathi imishanguzo yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa okuphuthumayo isebenza ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuqapha umjikelezo wakho ngemuva kwalokho. Uma ukuya esikhathini kwakho sekuhamba kade noma uhlangabezana izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, njengobuhlungu noma ubuhliziyo emabeleni, ukukhathala, isicanucanu, nokuchama njalo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukwenza ihom pregnancy test. Khumbula ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ithembekile kakhulu uma ukuhlola kwenziwa ngemva kokuthi usuphuze isikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini.

Ingabe Izikhundla Zocansi Zingawuthinta Umthelela Wokukhulelwa?

Kukhona ulwazi oluningi olungelona iqiniso mayelana nokuthi izikhundla zocansi zingayithinta yini amathuba okukhulelwa. Ezinye izinganekwane ziphakamisa ukuthi ezinye izikhundla zinganciphisa ubungozi ngokwenza “ukuthi isidoda siphume” sisuke emlonyeni wesibeletho. Nokho, kunobufakazi obuncane kakhulu noma obungenakho nhlobo besayensi obusekela lezi zinkolelo.

Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka lapho isidoda esisodwa sihlangana neqanda, futhi isidoda singafinyelela eqandeni uma sesingaphakathi kohlelo lokuzala lwesifazane, kungakhathaliseki isikhundla enibhekele kuso ngesikhathi socansi. Ngakho-ke, sincoma ukuthi ugxile ezindleleni ezifakazelwe njengokusebenzisa imishanguzo yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa okuphuthumayo, kunokuthembela ezinganekwaneni.

Izinketho Zokulawulwa Kokukhulelwa Ngaphambi Kokulala Ocansini

Ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa okungafuneki kulula njalo uma uhlela kusenesikhathi. Ukwenza kanjalo futhi kukusiza ugweme ingcindezi yokufuna indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu esikhathini esifushane ngemva kokulala ocansini ungenalo ikhondomu noma olunye uvikelwe.

Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezitholakala ngaphambi kokulala ocansini:

1. Izindlela Zokuvimbela Ngokwakha Isithiyo

Izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ezibizwa nge-barrier methods zivimbela ngokomzimba isidoda ekufinyeleleni iqandeni, ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele ukuchumisa. Izinketho ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zifaka ama-condom nama-cervical cup.

Ama-Condon

Ama-condom angesinye sezindlela ezitholakala kalula futhi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Asebenza njengesiwula esivimbela isidoda ekufinyeleleni iqandeni. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi, uma esetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, ama-condom asebenza kahle ekuvimbeleni ukukhulelwa ezimeni ezifika ku-98% [7]. Ngaphandle kokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, ama-condom futhi anikeza ukuvikelwa ezifweni ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs).

Ama-Diaphragm nama-Cervical Cap

Lezi zi-cup zifakwa esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ngaphambi kokwabelana ngesondo ukuze zimbathe umlomo wesibeletho futhi zivimbele isidoda ekungeneleleni. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye ne-spermicide — ikhhemikhali evimbela noma ebulala isidoda — ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle.

2. I-Hormonal Contraception

Ama-hormonal contraceptives asebenza ngokusebenzisa ama-hormone ukuvimbela i-ovulation, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi isidoda sifinyelele iqanda, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikelwe ukukhulelwa. Izinketho zifaka:

Amaphilisi Okulawula Ukuzala

Amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala (birth control pills) avamise ukuthathwa nsuku zonke, futhi lawa maphilisi aqukethe ama-hormone avimbela i-ovulation. Asebenza kahle uma esetshenziswa njalo nangendlela efanele. Amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala futhi anikeza nezinye izinzuzo, njengokulawula imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini nokunciphisa izinhlungu zokuya esikhathini.

Ama-Patch nama-Ring

I-contraceptive patch ifakwa esikhunjeni futhi ikhipha ama-hormone isonto lonke, kanti i-vaginal ring ifakwa esithweni sangasese sowesifazane (esithweni sangasese sowesifazane) futhi isebenza ngendlela efanayo.

Ama-hormone akhishwa yi-estrogen ne-progestin, avimbela i-ovulation futhi awenze uwoyela wesibeletho (cervical mucus) ube minyene, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi isidoda sifinyelele iqanda nokuthi iqanda elichumiswe linamathisele esibelethweni [8]. Lezi zinketho zinikeza lula kulabo abangafuni ukuphuza iphilisi nsuku zonke.

3. I-Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC)

I-long-acting reversible contraception ihlanganisa izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ezisebenza kakhulu ezinikeza ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqhubeka uqapha njalo. Izinketho zifaka ama-intrauterine devices (ama-IUD) nama-implants.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zama-IUD: awe-hormonal nawekhabhoni (copper). Ama-IUD e-hormonal akhipha inani elincane le-progestin ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa, kanti ama-IUD e-copper asebenzisa izakhiwo zemvelo zethusi ukuvimbela isidoda ekuchumiseni iqanda. Ama-IUD asebenza kakhulu futhi angahlala kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-10 [6].

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-contraceptive implant iyinduku encane efakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sengalo engenhla. Ikhipha ama-hormone avimbela i-ovulation futhi iyasebenza kuze kufike eminyakeni emithathu.

Uma uzibuza ukuthi masinyane kangakanani emva kocansi olungavikelekile ongahlola ngakho ukukhulelwa futhi uthole imiphumela enembile, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu othi 'Ngemuva Kocansi Olungavikelekile Kungakadluli Isikhathi Esingakanani Engihlola Ngaso Ukukhulelwa Futhi Ngithole Imiphumela Enembile' ukuze uthole yonke imininingwane.

Izinketho Zokulawulwa Kokubeletha Okungapheli

Kulabo abaqinisekile ukuthi abafuni ukuba nezingane esikhathini esizayo, ukulawula inzalo okungapheli kungaba inketho elula engenazinkinga eziningi. Lezi zindlela zakhelwe ukuba zingabuyiseki emuva, ngakho udinga ukuzenza ngokucophelela.

Ukubopha amathumbu kanye ne-vasectomy yizona zinketho ezimbili ezivamile zokulawula inzalo ezingapheli zombhangqwana:

Ukubopha Amathumbu (Tubal Ligation)

Uthulula lwamafalaya yikhona lapho isidoda sihlangana khona neqanda, khona-ke inqubo yokumithisa ijwayele ukwenzeka khona. Tubal ligation iyinqubo yokuhlinza eyenziwa kwabesifazane lapho amathumbu amafallopian egqekezwa, eboshwa noma evalwa ukuze kuvinjwe iqanda ukufinyelela esidodeni [9].

Le ndlela isebenza kakhulu futhi ibhekwa njengeyokuphela unomphela. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi kufanele ucabangele ukusika amathumbu kuphela uma uqinisekile ukuthi awusafuni ukuba nezingane.

I-Vasectomy

A i-vasectomy uyinqubo yokuhlinza eyenzelwa amadoda. Ibandakanya ukusika noma ukuvala izintambo ze-vas deferens, okuyimibhobho ethwala isidoda esivela emasendeni. Njengokubopha amathumbu, i-vasectomy ihloselwe ukuba yisixazululo sokuvikela inzalo esingapheli. Ukululama kuvame ukuba ngokushesha, kanti le nqubo isebenza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukukhulelwa.

Nini Okufanele Ufune Usizo Kochwepheshe?

Uma ube nocansi olungavikelekile futhi ungaqiniseki ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uthathe, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sochwepheshe. Nansi eminye imiqondo lapho kunconywa khona ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe ukuze uthole usizo:

1. Ukungaqiniseki Ngokukhetha Izindlela Zokulawula Inzalo: Uma udidekile ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokulawula inzalo engase ikufanele noma uma uphuthelwe isikhathi sakho sokusebenzisa ukulawula okuphuthumayo, umhlinzeki wezempilo angakusiza achaze kahle izinketho zakho.
2. Ukucabangela Ukulawulwa Kokubeletha Okungapheli Ukukhetha indlela yokuvimbela inzalo unomphela yisinqumo esibalulekile okufanele sibandakanye ukwelulekwa kochwepheshe. Uma ucabangela izinketho ezifana nokuvalwa kwamashubhu wokuzala (tubal ligation) noma i-vasectomy, ukubonisana nochwepheshe kungakusiza uqonde ubungozi nezinzuzo ezihambisana nalezi zinqubo.
3. Izimpawu Zenkinga Yezempilo: Ngezinye izikhathi ucansi olungenalo ikhondomu lungahambisana nezimpawu noma ukukhathazeka ngezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs). Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingajwayelekile — njengobuhlungu, uketshezi olungajwayelekile, noma ukungakhululeki okukhulu — kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kuqinisekise inhlalakahle yakho iyonke.

Okubalulekile Ekugcineni

Uma usanda kuba nocansi ongenalo ikhondomu, kungenzeka ungazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo. \"Ngibe nocansi ngaphandle kwekhondomu, kufanele ngenzeni?\" umbuzo ovamile, futhi kukhona izinketho eziningana ezingasiza ukuphatha lesi simo nokunciphisa ingozi yokukhulelwa okungahlosiwe.

Okokuqala, kudingeka uqonde ukuthi owesifazane akahlali elungele ukukhulelwa ngokuhamba wonke komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Ngakho-ke, uma ube nocansi ongenalo ikhondomu ngaphandle kwefasitela lakho lokuzala, amathuba okukhulelwa asevele ephansi. Ukuze ube nokuvikeleka okwengeziwe, ungasebenzisa amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo okuphuthumayo angamisa ukukhishwa kweqanda futhi avimbele ukukhulelwa.

Kuhlale kuyisinqumo esihlakaniphile ukukhetha indlela yokuvimbela inzalo esebenza ngaphambi kokulala ocansini ukuze ugweme ingcindezi. Lezi zingabandakanya amakhondomu, izinkomishi zentamo yesibeletho (cervical cups), namaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo. Kukhona futhi izindlela zokuqeda inzalo unomphela ezitholakalela imibhangqwana eqinisekile ukuthi ayifuni ukukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo.

Imithombo esetshenzisiwe

1. Pregnancy - ukubona izinsuku ozala ngazo: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. (n.d.). https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007015.htm 
2. Thiyagarajan, D. K., Basit, H., & Jeanmonod, R. (2024, September 27). IFizioloji, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500020/ 
3. UpToDate. (n.d.). UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/emergency-contraception-beyond-the-basics/print 
4. Professional, C. C. M. (2025, January 3). Ipilisi lokuvikela ukukhulelwa ngemuva kocansi. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/23386-morning-after-pill 
5. Chao, Y., & Frey, N. (2018, November 29). Ulipristal uma iqhathaniswa neLevonorgestrel ekulawuleni inzalo okuphuthumayo: ukubuyekezwa kokusebenza kwezokwelapha okuqhathaniswayo kanye nemihlahlandlela. NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538737/ 
6. ParaGard® (i-IUD yethusi). (2025, March 19). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/17741-paragard-copper-iud 
7. Steiner, R. J., Liddon, N., Swartzendruber, A. L., Pazol, K., & Sales, J. M. (2017). Ukudlulisa umlayezo ngale kwezindlela: sibheke ekuhlanganisweni kokuvimbela ukukhulelwa okungahlosiwe nokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi/i-HIV. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 54(3), 440–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.10.022 
8. Professional, C. C. M. (2025b, March 19). Indandatho yesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24157-vaginal-ring 
9. Marino, S., Canela, C. D., Jenkins, S. M., & Nama, N. (2024, February 16). Ukuvalwa kwamashubhu wokuzala. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470377/