Ngikhulelwe izinyanga ezingaki?

Ukukhulelwaukukhulelwa kungaba yisigaba esimangalisayo kodwa esididayo kunoma yimuphi owesifazane, ikakhulukazi uma kuyisikhathi sokuqala. “Usuhambe kude kangakanani ekukhulelweni?” ungomunye wemibuzo evamile abesifazane abanayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Umbuzo ovamile abaningi abesifazane abakhulelwe abawubuzayo uthi, “Zingaki izinyanga engikhulelwe ngazo?”

Kungaba yinselele ukuthi ukwazi ukunquma ukuthi usuhambe kude kangakanani ngezinya nga, ngoba ukukhulelwa kuvame ukulinganiswa ngamasonto [1]. Nokho, ukwazi inyanga eqondile yokukhulelwa kwakho kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kukusiza ukulandelela ukuthuthuka kosana lwakho nokulungiselela amazinga okuthuthuka azayo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza izindlela zokunquma ukuthi zingaki izinyanga usukhulelwe. Lesi sihloko sikhuluma futhi ngamazinga ahlukene okuthuthuka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa angakusiza ulandelele yukuthuthuka kosana lwakho.

Isikhathi Sokukhulelwa Komuntu Nobude Bokukhulelwa

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa komuntu sibhekisela esikhathini kusukela ekukhulelweni kuya ekuzalweni. Ubude besikhathi sokukhulelwa komuntu obujwayelekile bungamasonto angu-40, noma cishe izinyanga ezingu-9 [2]. Nakuba kungafani kowesifazane wonke, yilesi isikhathi abaningi abesifazane abathwala ngaso izingane zabo ngaphambi kokuzala.

Isibonelo, ukukhulelwa kwesinye isikhathi kungathatha isikhathi eside kancane noma esifushane. Uma usana luzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimaphakathi sokukhulelwa, kubizwa ngokuthi preterm, kuthi uma usana luzalwa ngemva kwesikhathi esimaphakathi sokukhulelwa, kubizwe ngokuthi postterm [3].

Ngakho-ke, uma ubunombuzo onjengokuthi isikhathi esingakanani ukhulelwe, noma zingaki izinyanga usukhulelwe, manje njengoba usuwazi ukuthi ukukhulelwa ngokujwayelekile kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-9 noma amasonto angu-40. Khumbula ukuthi kungahluka ngezinsuku ezimbalwa noma ngisho nangezamasonto, kuya ngezinto eziningi ezahlukene [4].

Bangaki Amasonto Ekukhulelweni?

WUma ubuza ukuthi, bangaki amasonto ekukhulelweni, impendulo ngokuvamile ingamasonto angu-40, okuyizinyanga ezicishe zibe 9. Ukukhulelwa kulinganiswa ngamasonto ngoba usana olukhulayo lufinyelela ezingeni elihlukile lokuthuthuka masonto onke [1]. Odokotela balinganisa ukuthi bangaki amasonto ekukhulelweni ukuze balandelele ukukhula nokuthuthuka kosana lwakho.

Isibonelo, odokotela bavame ukubala isikhathi sokukhulelwa somuntu kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga yakho yokugcina kunokuba babale ngosuku langempela lokukhulelwa, whiokwenzeka cishe amasonto amabili kamuva.

Ama-Trimester Amathathu Okukhulelwa

Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokukhulelwa yizinyanga ezi-9, ezivame ukuhlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-trimester. Itrimester ngayinye imelela isigaba esihlukile sokukhula kosana. Nansi eminye imishintsho ebalulekile yokuthuthuka kosana esikhulayo ku-trimester ngayinye:

1. Itrimester yokuqala (Amasonto 1-12)

Itrimester yokuqala iqala ngemva nje kokufakwa kombungu odongeni lwesibeletho. Izitho zomzimba nezakhiwo eziyisisekelo emzimbeni ziqala ukuthuthuka ku-trimester yokuqala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inhliziyo, ubuchopho nomgogodla, okubalulekile ekukhuleni kosana. Inhliziyo yosana iqala ngisho ukushaya ekupheleni kwe-trimester yokuqala [5].

Isigaba sokuqala sokukhulelwa singaba nzima kwabesifazane abaningi ngoba ukushintsha kwamahomoni kulesi sigaba kucacile kakhulu. Abesifazane abaningi baba nezimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, ukukhathala, nokuchama kaningi. Umama okhulelwe kudingeka anakekele kakhulu impilo yakhe nemikhuba yakhe yokuphila ngoba lokhu kuthinta ngqo ukuthuthuka kwengane kulesi sigaba [6].

2. Isigaba Sesibili Sokukhulelwa (Amasonto 13-26)

Izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa ziqala ukunyamalala esigabeni sesibili sokukhulelwa. Umzimba wengane yakho uqala ukukhula ngokushesha kakhudlwana kulesi sigaba, futhi ungase uqaphele izimpawu zokuqala zokunyakaza. Lesi sivame ukuba yisigaba esikhululekile kakhulu kubantu abaningi besifazane.

Nokho, ukuvakashela abelaphi njalo kubalulekile esigabeni sesibili sokukhulelwa ukuze kulandelwe ukukhula kwengane. Njengoba ingane ikakhulukazi ikhula ngosayizi kulesi sigaba, umama udinga ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokwanele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zengane ekhulayo.

3. Isigaba Sesithathu Sokukhulelwa (Amasonto 27-40)

Esigabeni sesithathu sokukhulelwa, ingane yakho ikhula ngokushesha futhi ilungiselela ukuzalwa. Izitho zayo, njengezimphunga nobuchopho, zithuthuka ngokuphelele, futhi iqala ukuzuza isisindo. Ungase uzwe ukungakhululeki okukhulu njengoba isisu sakho sikhula. Kujwayelekile ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ube nobunzima bokulala kulesi sigaba, ikakhulukazi uma ukhulelwa uneminyaka engu-30 noma ngaphezulu, njengoba umzimba wakho ungase udinge ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokuphumula.

Njengoba umzimba wakho ulungiselela ukubeletha, ungase ube nokuvakashelwa udokotela kaningi ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yakho nenqubekela phambili yengane yakho. Lesi yisigaba sokugcina ngaphambi kokuhlangana nengane yakho encane!

Ngikhulelwe Izinyanga Ezingaki?

Imibuzo ethi, Imibuzo ethi, "ngikhulelwe izinyanga ezingaki?" noma "kusele izinyanga ezingaki ukuze ngizale ingane?" ilula kodwa ingaba nzima kancane ukuyiphendula ngqoly, njengoba kungahlali kunamasonto amane ngokuphelele enyangeni. Nansi indlela ongalinganisa ngayo ukuthi ukhulelwe izinyanga ezingaki ngokusekelwe emasontweni:

• Inyanga Yokuqala: Amasonto 1-4
• Inyanga Yesibili: Amasonto 5-8
• Inyanga Yesithathu: Amasonto 9-13
• Inyanga Yesine: Amasonto 14-17
• Inyanga Yesihlanu: Amasonto 18-22
• Inyanga Yesithupha: Amasonto 23-27
• Inyanga Yesikhombisa: Amasonto 28-31
• Inyanga Yesishiyagalombili: Amasonto 32-35
• Inyanga Yesishiyagalolunye: Amasonto 36-40

Ngakho-ke, uma uUma unamasonto angu-5 ukhulelwe, usesenyangeni yokuqala, kanti uma unamasonto angu-20 ukhulelwe, useseinyangeni yesihlanu. Lokhu akuyona indlela enembile ngo-100% yokunquma ukuthi usukhulelwe izinyanga ezingaki kuzo zonke izimo ngoba zonke izinyanga azinazo izinsuku ezifanayo, kodwa ikunikeza umbono ojwayelekile wokuthi ubale kanjani izinyanga zokukhulelwa.

Indlela Yokubala Isigaba Sokukhulelwa?

Uma uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungakwazi kanjani ukwazi ukuthi usekude kangakanani ukhulelwe, indlela elula iwukulandela ukuthi usemasontweni angaki ukhulelwe. Kujwayelekile ukubala ukukhulelwa kusukela osukwini lokuqala lwenyanga yakho yokugcina, okusho ukuthi uvame ukuba usesontweni lesi-2 lokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa uqobo senzeka.

Uma usenqa na ukuthi wazi kanjani ukuthi usekude kangakanani ukhulelwe, wwena ungasebenzisa ikhalikhuletha eku-inthanethi yokubala amathuba okukhulelwa noma ikhalenda yokuzala. Ungabuye uxhumane nochwepheshe bakho bezempilo ukuze uthole impendulo enembe kakhudlwana ngemitholampilo. Ukuba nolwazi olunembile ngenyanga yakho yokukhulelwa kungakusiza ulandele ukukhula komntwana futhi ulungiselele ukubeletha ngesikhathi.

Usemasontweni Angaki Ukhulelwe Lapho Uphuthelwa Yizikhathi?

Uphawu lokuqala lokukhulelwa, oluqaphelwa iningi labesifazane, wukuphuthelwa yizikhathi [7]. Yingakho umbuzo othi, "Usekude kangakanani ukhulelwe ngesikhathi uphuthelwa yizikhathi?", uvamile ukubuzwa abesifazane maduze nje ngemva kokuthola ukuthi bakhulelwe. Pho, ungakwazi kanjani ukwazi ukuthi usekude kangakanani noma ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Impendulo ngokuvamile iphakathi kwamasonto angu-4 kuya kwayi-6 okukhulelwa. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ubude bomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini abufani kuzo zonke izifazane. Ubude bomjikelezo wakho bungathinta ukuthi uliphuthelwa kusenesikhathi noma sekwedlule isikhathi. Ukukhulelwa kungathatha phakathi kwamasonto angu-37 kuya kwangu-42, kanti lokhu kufaka lawo masonto angu-4 kuya kwayi-6 ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele ukuthi uphuthelwe yizikhathi ngemva kokukhulelwa.

Bangaki Osuku Bokukhulelwa?

Ukukhulelwa kuyinto ivamise ukulandelwa ngamasonto noma kwesinye isikhathi ngezinyanga esikhundleni sezinsuku. Ezinye izifazane zivame ukufuna ukwazi ngenxa yokulangazelela ulwazi, zibuze, "Bangaki osuku bokukhulelwa?" Ubude obujwayelekile bokukhulelwa buyizinsuku ezingu-280, okuwamasonto angu-40 okukhulelwa komuntu kusukela osukwini lokuqala lwenyanga yakho yokugcina [2]. Kungafinyelela nasemasontweni angu-42 kwezinye izimo.

Uma uzibuza ukuthi bangaki osuku bokukhulelwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (conception), impendulo imayelana nezinsuku ezingu-266, ngoba ukukhulelwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka cishe emavikini amabili ngemva kokuqala kwenyanga yakho yokugcina. Ngakho uma ususa lawo mazinsuku angu-14 ku-280 wezinsuku zesikhathi esiphelele sokukhulelwa, uthola izinsuku ezingu-266 njengempendulo.

Ukukhulelwa Kuthatha Isikhathi Esingakanani?

Umbuzo othiKuvamile kakhulu ukuthi uma abesifazane behlela ukuzithwala babuze ukuthi owesifazane angakhulelwa isikhathi esingakanani noma ukuthi ukhulelwa isikhathi esingakanani. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokukhulelwa siyizinyanga eziyi-9 noma amasonto angu-40, kusukela osukwini lokuqala lwenyanga yakho yokugcina.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinyanga ezi-9 ziyisilinganiso esivamile, futhi ubude bokukhulelwa empilweni yakho bungahluka. Ezinye izifazane zingabeletha ngaphambi kancane noma emuva kancane, kodwa iningi lokukhulelwa lithatha phakathi kwamasonto angu-37 kuya kwangu-42.

Kwenzekani Uma Ulibele Ukuyesikhathini?

Uma uuma uzibuza uthi, "ngilibele izinsuku eziyi-6 ukuya esikhathini, sengamasonto angaki ukhulelwe?" noma "ngilibele izinsuku eziyi-17 ukuya esikhathini, sengamasonto angaki ukhulelwe," kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukukhulelwa kubalwa kanjani. Pho, ungakwazi kanjani ukwazi ukuthi usunesonto elingaki ukhulelwe? Ukukhulelwa ngokuvamile kubalwa kusukela kosuku lokuqala lokuya esikhathini kwakho kokugcina, hhayi usuku lokukhulelwa.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho ukuya esikhathini kwakho sekudlule izinsuku eziyi-6, usuvele ungase ube cishe amasonto ama-4 kuya kwayi-5 ukhulelwe, kuya ngobude bomjikelezo wakho. Uma ukuya esikhathini sekudlule izinsuku eziyi-17, kungenzeka ususeduze namasonto ayi-6 noma ayi-7 ukhulelwe.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ovulation nokukhulelwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka cishe emavikini amabili ngemva kosuku lokuqala kokuya esikhathini kwakho kokugcina [8]. Uma ubhekene nobunzima bokuqonda ukuthi isikhathi sokukhulelwa side kangakanani kusukela ngesikhathi ukhulelwa, xhumana nodokotela wakho wokuzala ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi usunesonto elingaki ukhulelwe ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasound noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Amathiphu Okukhulelwa Okunempilo

Nawa amanye amathiphu angasiza umama agcine impilo yakhe futhi asekele ukukhula okunempilo kwengane esesibelethweni:

1. Yidla Ukudla Okulinganiselayo

Ukudla ngendlela enempilo kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngoba izidingo zamavithamini nezakhamzimba zanda kakhulu. Faka ekudleni kwakho ukudla okufana nezithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu okungakaphelelwa (whole grains), amaprotheni anganamafutha amaningi, nemikhiqizo yobisi ukuze unike ingane yakho izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze ikhule [9].

Odokotela batusa ukugwema ukudla okunezinga eliphezulu likashukela, usawoti, noma amafutha angaphezudlwana. Qiniseka ukuthi uphuza amanzi amaningi nsuku zonke ukuze uhlale unamanzi emzimbeni. Ukuphuza amanzi ngokwanele kusiza ekugayweni kokudla futhi kwandise amandla.

2. Vakashela Udokotela Wakho Njalo

Ukuhlolwa njalo kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngoba kukutshela ukuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani ukhulelwe futhi kusize ukuthola izinkinga zokukhulelwa zisencane. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela impilo yakho nokukhula kwengane. Lezi zikhathi ziyithuba lokubuza imibuzo nokuxoxa nganoma yiziphi izimpawu noma ukukhathazeka onakho.

Ungakwazi ukwenza i-ultrasound nezinye izivivinyo ngesikhathi uvakashela udokotela wakho ukwazi ukuthi zingaki izinsuku ekukhulelweni nokwenza isiqiniseko ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwakho kuqhubeka kahle. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi ubone udokotela wakho njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-28 ukusuka evikini lesi-4 kuya kwelesi-28, njalo emavikini amabili ukusuka evikini lesi-28 kuya kwelesi-36, bese njalo evikini ukusuka evikini lesi-36 kuya kwelesi-40 ukuze uqinisekise ukukhulelwa okunempilo [10].

3. Hlala Usebenza Ngokuvivinya Okuphephile

Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile njengokuhamba, i-prenatal yoga, noma ukubhukuda kungakusiza uhlale usesimweni esihle futhi wehlise ingcindezi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Umsebenzi ojwayelekile uthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi, uqina imisipha yakho, futhi usize umzimba wakho ulungiselele ukubeletha.

Khetha njalo ukuzivocavoca okuphephile ekukhulelweni futhi ugweme imisebenzi enzima kakhulu noma ebandakanya ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo [11]. Qiniseka ukuthi uyabonana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma iyiphi imikhuba emisha yokuzivocavoca.

Isiphetho

Ukulandelela ukukhulelwaUkwazi izinyanga noma amasonto okukhulelwa kungakusiza ukuthi ulandele ukukhula nentuthuko yomntwana. Uma wazi ukuthi ukhulelwe izinyanga ezingaki, ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa ukukhula komntwana wakho neshadi lokukhula elijwayelekile ukuze ubone ukuthi umntwana wakho uyakhula yini ngendlela evamile.

Ngokuvamile, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-9, kodwa ukunemba okukhulu ukulinganisa ukukhulelwa ngamasonto, cishe amasonto angama-40. Ungabuza udokotela wakho ukuthi ngikhulelwe izinyanga ezingaki futhi udokotela wakho uzokusiza unqume kahle ukuthi usudlule kangakanani, kungaba usukhulelwe amasonto angu-4 noma amasonto angu-30. Udokotela wakho angakuhola nasesimweni sokuphila ngendlela enempilo ukuze uvimbele izinkinga zokukhulelwa.

Imithombo Esetshenzisiwe

1. Professional, C. C. M. (2024j, September 19). Ukukhula Kwengane Esesibelethweni (Fetal Development). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/7247-fetal-development-stages-of-growth 
2. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). (2022, October 20). Ukuzalwa: Funda Okuningi – Uma usuku lokuzalwa komntwana wakho seludlulile. InformedHealth.org - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279571/ 
3. Fayed, A., Wahabi, H. A., Esmaeil, S., Elmorshedy, H., & AlAniezy, H. (2022). Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zisencane ngesikhathi, nezizalwa sekuhambe isikhathi ocwaningweni lweqoqo lwezingane namama baseRiyadh: Iphrofayela yeqoqo. Frontiers in public health, 10, 928037. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.928037 
4. Mekonen, M. W., Bayew, A. T., & Lakew, T. J. (2022). Izinto ezithinta ubude besikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abathola ukunakekelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha esibhedlela sesithenjwa saseGondar, e-Ethiopia. Health science reports, 5(4), e676. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.676 
5. Valenti, O., F Di Prima, F. A., Renda, E., Faraci, M., Hyseni, E., Domenico, R. D., Monte, S., & Giorgio, E. (2011). Umsebenzi wenhliziyo yengane esesiswini esigabeni sokuqala sokukhulelwa. Journal of Prenatal Medicine, 5(3), 59. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3279166/ 
6. Professional, C. C. M. (2024b, May 1). Isigaba Sokuqala Sokukhulelwa (First Trimester). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9699-first-trimester 
7. Yiziphi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile zokukhulelwa? (2017, January 31). https://www.nichd.nih.gov/. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/signs 
8. Professional, C. C. M. (2024j, August 22). Ukukhulelwa. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11585-conception 
9. Jouanne, M., Oddoux, S., Noël, A., & Voisin-Chiret, A. S. (2021). Izidingo Zamavithamini Nezakhamzimba Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa Nokuncelisa. Nutrients, 13(2), 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020692 
10. Clinic, C. (2024b, June 27). Ukhulelwe? Nawa Amasikhathi Ongase Uvame Ukuyobona Ngawo Udokotela Wakho. Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/prenatal-appointment-schedule 
11. Hinman, S. K., Smith, K. B., Quillen, D. M., & Smith, M. S. (2015). Ukuzivocavoca Ekukhulelweni: Uhlolojikelele Lwezokwelashwa. Sports health, 7(6), 527–531. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738115599358