Kuthatha Isikhathi Esingakanani Isidoda Ukufinyelela Eqandeni Nokuthi Kwenzekani Ngesikhathi Sokuchumisela

Uhambo lokukhulelwa luyamangalisa. Kodwa luyinkimbinkimbi kancane, futhi alunalo uhambo olulodwa olulula oluya kulo. Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi isidoda sifinyelele eqandeni noma ukuthi ukuvundiswa kusebenza kanjani, awuwedwa. Kusukela umzuzwini wokuchama kuze kufike lapho isidoda sihlangana neqanda, lo msebenzi ufana ne-marathon yobhayoloji. Ukuqonda okwenzeka ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kungakusiza ukuthi ube nesithombe esicacile sokuthi impilo iqala kanjani nokuthi ungawandisa kanjani amathuba akho uma uzama ukukhulelwa.

Uhambo Lwesidoda Luya Eqandeni

Pho, isidoda sidinga ukuhamba ibanga elingakanani? Sifanele sihambe cishe amacentimitha angu-15 kuya ku-18 kusukela esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ukuya ku-tube yama-fallopian lapho ukuvundiswa kwenzeka khona ngempela. Lokho kungenzeka kubonakale kungelutho kithi, kodwa kwasidoda, kufana ne-marathon. Labo ababhukuda ngokushesha bangafinyelela eqandeni phakathi kwemizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-45. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lawo ahamba kancane angathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngisho amahora. Futhi isidoda asiyeki nje uma singalitholi iqanda masinyane. Singahlala ohlelweni lokuzala lowesifazane kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezinhlanu silinde ukukhishwa kweqanda, okuyindaba enhle kwabazama ukuzala.

Isikhathi yikho konke, nokho. Uma uzibuza ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi isidoda sifinyelele eqandeni, kuncike ezintweni eziningi—njengejubane lokunyakaza kwesidoda (motility) kanye nemvelo ngaphakathi esibelethweni. Yingakho ukuba nobulili ngesikhathi sewindi lokukhiqiza (izinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokukhishwa kweqanda nosuku uqobo lokukhishwa kweqanda) kunikeza amathuba angcono kakhulu okuthi isidoda sihlangane neqanda [1].

Nakuba isidoda singasinda ngaphakathi komgudu wokuzala izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukukhulelwa kuncike ekutheni iqanda lihlala isikhathi esingakanani emuva kokukhishwa, ngoba iqanda lihlala likwazi ukuvundiswa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, okwenza isikhathi esinembile sibaluleke kakhulu ekufundiseni ngempumelelo.

Kwenzekani Lapho Isidoda Sihlangana Neqanda

Lapho isidoda sihlangana neqanda, akusikho nje ukubingelela okusheshayo. Ukuze uqonde kahle uhambo lokukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi amaqanda avundiswa kanjani, ngoba lo msebenzi ubandakanya izinqubo zobhayoloji eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinquma ukuthi isidoda siyakwazi yini ukuhlanganiswa neqanda ngempumelelo.

Ngaphambi kokuthi isidoda sicabange ngisho nokuvundisa iqanda, sidinga “ukuvuswa” ohlelweni lokuzala lowesifazane. Lo msebenzi, obizwa ngokuthi i-capacitation, usiza isidoda silungiselele ukungena ezingqimbeni zangaphandle zeqanda.

Nje uma sezilungele, izimvubelo ziqala uhambo ziya eqandeni, ziqondiswa izimpawu zamakhemikhali. Kodwa noma kunjalo, zisawudinga umsebenzi othile. Okokuqala kumele zidle udonga lwangaphandle lweqanda (i-corona radiata) bese zilinqamula ungqimba lwangaphakathi olujiyile (i-zona pellucida). Lokhu akulona ikhono elincane. Lapho imvubelo eyodwa ekugcineni isidlulile, iqanda lishintsha ngokushesha isakhiwo salo ukuvimba noma yiziphi ezinye. Lena indlela yemvelo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi imvubelo eyodwa kuphela echanyusela iqanda [2].

Izimpawu Lapho Imvubelo Ihlangana Neqanda

Iningi lezikhathi, ukuchanyuselwa kwenzeka buthule. Angeke ukuzwe kwenzeka. Noma kunjalo, abanye besifazane bathi bayaqaphela izimpawu lapho imvubelo ihlangana neqanda, nakuba lokhu kwehluka kakhulu. Abanye bangase bazwe ukuqunjelwa okuncane esiswini esingezansi, kanti abanye bangabona izinguquko ku-cervical mucus noma ukopha okuncane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuhlangana kwezimvubelo neqanda. Izimpawu zokuqala zokuchanyuselwa kweqanda yizinguquko ezincane zama-hormone emzimbeni, njengokwanda kwamazinga e-progesterone, okungaholela ekudinweni okuncane noma ubuhlungu bezinsunu zezinwele zebele phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa [3].

Lezi zinguquko ezincane, ezibizwa ngokuthi izimpawu zokuhlangana kwezimvubelo neqanda, zenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko zama-hormone eziqala ukusebenza ngemva kokuchanyuselwa. Yize lezi zimpawu zingasona isiqiniseko sokuthi ukuchanyuselwa sekwenzekile, zingaba imikhondo emincane kulabo abalalela kakhulu imizimba yabo.

Zingaki Izinhlamvu Zavubelo Ezifinyelela Eqandeni

Nansi ingxenye yeqiniso: yize izigidi zezimvubelo zikhishwa ngesikhathi sokuchama, ingxenye encane kuphela eyifinyelela eqandeni. Kulezi zimvubelo ezimalunga nezigidi eziyi-100 ezikhishwa ngokujwayelekile, eziningi ziyalahleka, zivinjelwe, noma ziphele amandla zingakafiki lapho ziya khona.

Uma ucabanga ngenani lezimvubelo ezifinyelela eqandeni, izinombolo ziyamangalisa. Ngesikhathi zifika ku-fallopian tube, sekusele cishe imvubelo engu-200 kuphela. Futhi kulawo angu-200, eyodwa kuphela enenhlanhla ezoyichanyusela iqanda. Kufana nomqhudelwano wokusinda kwelona livubelo liqinile ngosayizi omncane, lapho imvubelo ehamba phambili ithatha umklomelo [4].

Kuthatha Isikhathi Esingakanani Ukuze Iqanda Lichanyuselwe

Lapho imvubelo isingenile ngempumelelo eqandeni, inqubo yangempela yokuchanyuselwa yenzeka ngokushesha. Ulwazi lofuzo lwemvubelo luhlangana nolweqanda, kwakheka i-zygote. Le nqubo iyisiqalo sokuphila okusha. Kodwa kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani konke lokhu?

Uma uzibuza ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuze iqanda lichanyuselwe, impendulo ukuthi kungumzuzu embalwa kuphela ngemva kokungena kwezimvubelo. Iqanda elichanyuselwe (manje elibizwa nge-zygote) liyabe seliqala ukuhlukana nokukhula njengoba lidlula ku-fallopian tube liya esibelethweni, lapho lithemba khona ukuzimisa khona nokukhula libe usana [5].

Izimpawu Lapho Iqanda Nesidoda Kuhlangana

Lapho iqanda nesidoda kuhlangana bese kuba nokuchumiseka, ungase uzwe izinguquko ezincane emzimbeni wakho. Ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane okuthiwa implantation bleeding, okwenzeka lapho iqanda elichumisekile linamathela odongeni lwesibeletho, kuyimpawu yokuqala evamile. Ezinye izifazane zibuye zibike ubuhlungu obuncane besisu, ukwanda koketshezi lwesibeletho, noma ngisho nezinguquko kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba eliyisisekelo.

Lezi zimpawu zokuqala lapho iqanda nesidoda kuhlangana azivamile kubo bonke abantu. Umzimba wowesifazane ngamunye uhlukile, futhi abaningi bangase bangaboni zimpawu nhlobo. Nokho, ukunaka lezi zinguquko ezincane ngezinye izikhathi kungakunikeza imikhondo yokuthi ukuchumiseka sekwenzekile [6].

Isidoda Singahamba Ngokushesha Kangakanani

Isidoda sishesha kakhulu kunalokho ongase ukucabange. Uma uzibuza ukuthi isidoda sihamba ngokushesha kangakanani, sihamba ngesivinini esimaphakathi esingu-3 kuya ku-5 millimitha ngomzuzu. Ngenxa yokuncipha nokunwebeka kwesibeletho namashubhu e-fallopian, isidoda sithola usizo oluncane endleleni.

Ngesikhathi se-ovulation, uketshezi lwesibeletho luba manzi kakhulu futhi luthambe, kudale indawo ekahle yokuthi isidoda sidade ngokushesha siye eqandeni [7].

Isidoda Sidada Ngokushesha Kangakanani

Ngokuvamile, ijubane isidoda esidada ngalo linqunywa amandla aso okunyakaza (motility), ahluka phakathi kuka-3 no-5 millimitha ngomzuzu, kuye ngempilo yaso nendawo yokuzala yomfazi. Ungase ubuze nokuthi isidoda sidada ngokushesha kangakanani ngokujwayelekile. Ijubane lingahluka kuye ngempilo yesidoda, amandla aso okunyakaza, nendawo esijikeleze ngayo. Ezinye izinhlayiya zesidoda ziwabhukudi abaqinile, kanti ezinye ziyalibala. Indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukudla okunomsoco, nokugwema izinto ezinobuthi ezifana nogwayi notshwala konke kungasiza ukuthuthukisa amandla okunyakaza nesivinini sesidoda.

Amathuba Okuthi Isidoda Sihlangane Neqanda

Amathuba okuthi isidoda sihlangane neqanda ngesikhathi sewindi lokuzala asukela ku-10% kuya ku-33% ngomjikelezo ngamunye, kuye ngezinto ezahlukene. Lezi zinombolo zingase zibonakale ziphansi, kodwa zikhombisa ubunzima benqubo yokukhulelwa.

Noma isikhathi singaba siphelele, impilo yesidoda, ikhwalithi yeqanda, nezinye izinto ezihlobene nomzimba zinezindima ekutheni ngabe kuchumiseka yini. Yingakho abashadile abazama ukukhulelwa bevamise ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuqapha, njengamakhithi okuhlela i-ovulation noma ukulandelela izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliyisisekelo, ukuze balungise isikhathi sabo [8].

Isidoda Singakukhulelisa Ngokushesha Kangakanani

Uma konke kuhamba kahle—isikhathi se-ovulation, impilo yesidoda, nokuhlanzeka kweqanda—ukukhulelwa kungenzeka ngokushesha okumangalisayo. Noma isidoda singafinyelela eqandeni emizuzwini embalwa nje, inqubo yokufakwa kweqanda esibelethweni ithatha isikhathi eside. Uma uzibuza ukuthi isidoda singakukhulelisa ngokushesha kangakanani, impendulo incike ekutheni ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka nini.

Lapho iqanda elichumisekile selizinzile odongeni lwesibeletho (imvamisa ezinsukwini eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi ngemuva kokuchumiseka), ukukhulelwa kuqalisa ngokusemthethweni. Yilapho umzimba uqala ukukhiqiza ihomoni i-hCG, engatholakala ekuhlolweni kokukhulelwa [9].

Indlela Yokusiza Isidoda Sifinyelele Eqandeni

Uma uzama ukukhulelwa, kungenzeka uzibuze ukuthi ungasisiza kanjani isidoda sifinyelele eqandeni. Isikhathi sibalulekile. Ukulandelela umjikelezo wakho we-ovulation ngezindlela ezifana nezinga lokushisa lomzimba eliyisisekelo (basal body temperature) noma amakhithi okubikezela i-ovulation kungakusiza unqume izinsuku zakho zokuchuma.

Ukudla okulinganiselayo okucebile ngama-nutrient athanda ukuzala njenge-zinc, i-selenium, ne-folic acid nakho kuyasiza. La ma-nutrient athuthukisa ukuhamba kwesidoda, ikhwalithi yeqanda, nempilo yokuzala iyonke. Ukugwema ukubhema, utshwala obuningi, nengcindezi kungakhuphula kakhulu amathuba akho okukhulelwa [10].

Ama-Nutrient Athanda Ukuzala

Ama-nutrient adlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni amandla okuzala kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane. I-zinc isiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesidoda, i-selenium isebenza njenge-antioxidant, kanti i-folic acid isekela ukwakheka kwe-DNA futhi inciphise ingozi yokungasebenzi kahle kwentambo yomgogodla nengqondo (neural tube defects) ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. I-myo-inositol ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yeqanda, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abane-PCOS, kanti i-L-arginine ithuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi ukuya ezithweni zokuzala.

Ngokufaka la ma-nutrient ekudleni kwakho noma ngokusebenzisa izithasiselo zokukhulelwa, ungadala indawo elungele kakhulu inqubo yokukhulelwa [11].

Amathiphu Endlela Yokuphila Okungakwazi Ukwandisa Ukuzala

Indlela ophila ngayo iyonke ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuzaleni. Ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukudla okunesondlo okunempilo, nokulala ngokwanele kuxhasa ibhalansi yamahomoni kanye nempilo yokuzala. Kwabesilisa, ukugwema izingubo eziqinile noma amabhavu ashisayo kungasiza ukuthuthukisa impilo yesidoda. Kwabesifazane, ukuphatha ingcindezi nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kungawulungisa imijikelezo ye-ovulation [12].

Izinguquko ezilula, njengokuphuza amanzi amaningi ukuze kuthuthukiswe uketshezi lomlomo wesibeletho noma ukunciphisa ukufakwa kwe-caffeine, zingaletha umehluko.

Okubalulekile ekugcineni

Inqubo yokukhulelwa uhambo olunenselelo nezimangaliso eziningi. Ngokukuqonda ukuthi isidoda sithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufinyelela eqandeni nokuthi kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuvundisa, imibhangqwana ingathatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa. Kungaba ukuhlela ukuya ocansini ngesikhathi sesikhathi sokuchuma, ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo, noma ukunaka izimpawu zomzimba wakho, imizamo emincane ingaba nomthelela omkhulu endleleni eya ekubeni ngabazali.

Imibuzo ejwayele ukubuzwa

Isidoda sizothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufinyelela eqandeni?

Isidoda singafinyelela eqandeni phakathi kwemizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-45 ngemuva kokuchama, kodwa lokho kuncike ezintweni ezifana nokunyakaza kwesidoda nokuthi i-ovulation (ukukhishwa kweqanda) yenzekile yini.

Yiziphi izimpawu uma isidoda sihlangana neqanda?

Ezinye izifazane zingase ziqaphele ubuhlungu obuncane besisu, izinguquko koketshezi lomlomo wesibeletho, noma ukopha okuncane. Nokho, iningi labantu alizwa lutho ngesikhathi isidoda sihlangana neqanda.

Bangaki osidoda abafinyelela eqandeni?

Phakathi kwezigidigidi zesidoda ezikhishwa ngesikhathi sokuchama, cishe ezingaba ngu-200 kuphela ezifinyelela eqandeni, kuthi esisodwa kuphela esilisivundise.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi iqanda lifakelwe imbewu?

Uma isidoda sesingene eqandeni, ukufakelwa kwembewu kwenzeka emizuzwaneni embalwa njengoba ulwazi lofuzo luhlangana ukuze kwakheke i-zygote.

Ungasiza kanjani ukuthi isidoda sifinyelele iqanda?

Ukuhlela ukwabelana ngesondo ngesikhathi sewindi lokuzala, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, nokusebenzisa izakhamzimba ezisiza ukuzala njengensimbi ne-folic acid kungasiza ukuthuthukisa amathuba okuthi isidoda sifinyelele iqanda.

Izikhombo

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