Wenzenjani ingane futhi ufunde yonke inqubo ephelele yokukhulelwa kwengane

Yenziwa kanjani ingane? Umbuzo obonakala ulula kodwa uphethe ubunzima obuningi. Inqubo yokuthi izingane zenziwa kanjani ihilela ibhalansi ebucayi phakathi kwesayensi yomzimba, isikhathi, nezinqumo zendlela yokuphila. Kwabanye, kwenzeka ngokwemvelo nangokushesha. Kwabanye, kuthatha umzamo omkhulu kancane, ukunakekela, nokuqonda izinyathelo ezibandakanyekayo. Noma ngabe unelukuluku nje lokwazi indlela yokwenza ingane ngendlela yemvelo noma ubheka ezinye izinketho, kukhona okuningi ongakuhlola nokufunda.

Okutholakele Okubalulekile

• Isikhathi sokuVuthwa kweqanda sibalulekile ekukhulelweni okuphumelelayo phakathi kwefestela lokuzala.
• Isidoda esinempilo esinyakaza kahle sikhuphula amathuba okuchithelwana.
• Ukudla okulinganiselayo okuqukethe amavithamini nokudla okunomsoco okubalulekile kuthuthukisa impilo yokuzalana.
• Izinguquko empilweni njengokuphatha ingcindezi nokuyeka ukubhema zikhuphula amandla okuya zala.
• Uwoyela wokuthambisa wokuzala nezithasiselo zisekela ukukhulelwa ngokwemvelo.
• Amasu okusizwa ekuzaleni afana ne-IUI ne-IVF anikeza ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo.
• Ukuzimisa kombungu kudinga udonga lwesibeletho olunempilo ukuze ukukhulelwa kuqale.

Uhambo Luyaqala: Indlela Ukuvuthwa Kweqanda Okusebenza Ngayo

Ukuvuthwa kweqanda yisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu endleleni okwakheka ngayo umntwana. Abesifazane bazalwa benamakhulu ezigidi wamaqanda, kodwa ingcosana kuphela kuwo ethola ithuba lokuvuthwa. Nyanga zonke, iqanda elilodwa likhishwa esibeleni bese lehlela phansi kwepayiphi yefallopian. Lokhu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuthwa kweqanda, futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka maphakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini [1].

Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu lapha. Uma isikhishiwe, iqanda liphila cishe amahora angu-24. Lena kuphela yifestela lapho ukuchithelwana kungenzeka khona. Nokho, isidoda singaphila emgudwini wokuzala kowesifazane kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezinhlanu, ngakho ifestela lokuzala linde kancane.

Ukulandela ukuvuthwa kweqanda kungasiza kakhulu abantu abafuna ukuthola umntwana ukuthi balithole kahle isikhathi. Izindlela ezifana nokulandelela izinga lokushisa komzimba ekuseni, amakhithi okuhlola ukuvuthwa kweqanda, nokubheka izinguquko esikhumbeni somlomo wesibeletho ziyizinsiza ezinhle zokuthola ukuthi yiliphi isikhathi esilungile [2].

Indima Yendoda Ekukhulelweni

Ngokungafani nabesifazane, amadoda awanawo inani elibekiwe lamaseli okuzalana kusukela ekuzalweni. Akhiqiza isidoda njalo, kusukela ngesikhathi sokufikisa. Nsuku zonke, izigidi zamasidoda zakhiwa emasende bese zigcinwa esakhiweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-epididymis kuze kufike isikhathi sokuchayiza [3].

Ukuze amasidoda enze umsebenzi wawo, kumele abe nempilo futhi akwazi ukunyakaza kahle. Lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile endleleni okwakheka ngayo umntwana ngoba amasidoda anamandla kakhulu kuphela angakwazi ukwenza uhambo olude nolunzima oluya eqandeni. Izinto ezifana nokudla okulinganiselayo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, nokugwema imikhuba eyingozi efana nokubhema kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yesidoda.

Ezinye izakhi zomzimba nazo zidlala indima enkulu. I-zinc isiza ekukhiqizeni isidoda nasekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yaso. I-selenium, okuyi-antioxidant enamandla, ivikela isidoda ekulimaleni. I-L-carnitine inika isidoda amandla, ilisize ukuthi sibhukude kahle kakhulu.

Abesilisa bangathatha izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi isidoda sabo sisesimweni esingcono kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugwema izingubo zangaphansi eziqinile, ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo, noma noma yini efudumeza kakhulu izindlala zesende, ngoba lokhu kunganciphisa inani lesidoda [4].

Kwenzekani Ngesikhathi Sokuchanyushelwa

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthi wenza kanjani umntwana, ukuchanyushelwa (fertilization) yikho lapho konke kuqala khona. Ngemuva kobulili, izigidi zesidoda ziqala uhambo lazo liya eqandeni. Kodwa akulona uhambo olulula. Iningi lazo alifikanga. Zibhekana nezinselelo eziningi, njengendawo enama-acid esithweni sangasese sowesifazane kanye ne-mucus evikelayo yesibeletho [5].

Kunamadoda ambalwa kuphela esidoda azofinyelela eqandeni, kanti elilodwa kuphela elizolingenela. Lapho lokho kwenzeka, iqanda nesidoda kuhlanganisa izinto zazo zofuzo kwakheke i-zygote. Lokhu kumaka ukuqala kwempilo entsha.

I-zygote bese ihamba phansi eshubhini le-fallopian izinsuku ezimbalwa, ihlukaniseke ibe amaseli amaningi njengoba ihamba. Uma isifika esibelethweni, isibe yi-blastocyst. Uma isibeletho sesikulungele futhi ungqimba lwangaphakathi lunempilo, le blastocyst izizalisa odongeni lwesibeletho. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile kubantu abafuna ukwenza umntwana ngoba ukutshalwa yikho okuqala ukukhulelwa ngokusemthethweni.

Ukudla Kahle Ukukhulisa Ukuzala

Ukudla kunethonya elikhulu ekukhiqizeni inzalo kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ukudla okunempilo akuthuthukisi nje kuphela impilo yonke, kodwa futhi kunikeza izakhi ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ekwenzeni umntwana.

I-folic acid ibaluleke ngokukhethekile kwabesifazane abazama ukukhulelwa. Isekela ukukhula kwamaseli futhi isiza ukuvikela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. I-myo-inositol ne-D-chiro-inositol zilungele abesifazane abanokungalingani kwama-hormone, ikakhulukazi labo abane-PCOS, ngoba zithuthukisa ikhwalithi yamaqanda futhi zilungise imijikelezo.

Kwabesilisa, i-CoQ10 uyashintsha impilo. Iwumvikeli-mzimba (antioxidant) onamandla ovikela isidoda ekulimaleni. Ezinye izakhi ezibalulekile zihlanganisa i-vitamin C, esiza amandla omzimba wokuzivikela futhi ivikele amaseli okuzala, kanye ne-zinc, ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isidoda.

Ukudla izithelo nemifino emisha eningi, amaprotheni angenamafutha amaningi kanye nezinhlayiyana eziphelele kuyindlela enhle yokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola la makhambi omzimba. Ukugwema ukudla okucubunguliwe namafutha e-trans kubalulekile ngokufanayo [6].

Indlela Impilo Yokuphila Ethinta Ngayo Ukuzala

Izinketho zendlela yokuphila zidlala indima enkulu ekukhiqizeni inzalo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nokushintsha okuncane kungaletha umehluko omkhulu endleleni abantu abakha ngayo abantwana. Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazenza. Ukuba ngaphansi kwesisindo noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungaphazamisa ama-hormone akho futhi kwenze kube nzima ukukhulelwa [7].

Umsebenzi womzimba muhle empilweni yakho iyonke futhi ungathuthukisa nokuzala. Kodwa ungawenzi ngokweqile. Ukuzivocavoca okunamandla kakhulu kungaba nomphumela ohl逆ile, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.

Ukulawula ingcindezi yengqondo nakho kubalulekile. Amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka angaphazamisa amahomoni abalulekile ekubunjweni kwamaqanda nasekukhiqizweni kwesidoda. Imikhuba efana ne-yoga, i-meditation, noma ukuhamba nsuku zonke ingakusiza ukuphatha kangcono ingcindezi.

Kufanele bobabili abalingani bagweme ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile. Le mikhuba ayilimazi nje impilo iyonke kuphela kodwa iphinde yehlise kakhulu amandla okuzala [8].

Indlela Ama-Lubricant Nezithasiselo Ezisiza Ngayo

Ama-lubricant alungele ukuzala angaletha umehluko omkhulu ezindleleni zokuthola umntwana. Ama-lubricant ajwayelekile angase anciphise ijubane lesidoda noma enze kube nzima ukuba sisinde. Ama-fertility lubricant aklanyelwe ukufana noketshezi lomzimba lwemvelo, enza indawo emukelayo yesidoda [9].

Izithasiselo (supplements) ziyelinye ithuluzi elingasiza. Kowesifazane, izithako ezifana ne-calcium ne-magnesium zisekela uhlelo lokuzala olunempilo. Kowesilisa, izithasiselo eziqukethe i-L-carnitine, i-selenium, ne-zinc zingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yesidoda.

Lezi zinketho ziyizengezo ezinhle ezikhombisa indlela izingane ezenziwa ngayo ngezithombe, ngoba zisiza ekwenzeni kube sezingeni eliphezulu izimo ezidingekayo ukuze kuzuzeleke [10].

Amasu Okuzala Asizwayo

Ngezinye izikhathi izindlela zemvelo azisebenzi, futhi lokho kulungile. Kunobuchwepheshe obuningi bokuzala obusizwa (ART) obutholakalayo kubabhangqwana abadinga usizo olwengeziwe. Izinketho ezifana ne-intrauterine insemination (IUI) kanye ne-in vitro fertilization (IVF) zingezinye zezinketho ezivame kakhulu [11].

I-IUI ihilela ukufakwa kwesidoda ngqo esibelethweni ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okuvundwa. I-IVF, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ihilela ukuthatha amaqanda nesidoda, ukuwavundisa elabhorethri, bese kufakwa umbungu ovelayo esibelethweni.

Lezi zindlela ziletha ithemba kubabhangqwana ababhekene nezinkinga zokuzala futhi ziyizinqumbi ezinhle kwabantu abakha izingane abadinga usizo [12].

Ukuhlanyelwa: Isinyathelo Sokugcina

Ngemva kokuvundwa, i-zygote iguquka ibe i-blastocyst bese ihamba iya esibelethweni. Ukuhlanyelwa (implantation) yisikhathi lapho i-blastocyst inamathela khona odongeni lwangaphakathi lwesibeletho, iqala ukukhulelwa ngokusemthethweni.

Ulwelwesi lwesibeletho olunempilo lubalulekile kulesi sinyathelo. Ama-nutrient afana nensimbi ne-magnesium adlala indima ebalulekile. Insimbi isiza ukuthutha umoya-mpilo uye ku-embryo ekhulayo, kanti i-magnesium isekela ukusebenza kwamaseli nokulawulwa kwama-hormone [13].

Ukuzimisa esibelethweni kuvamise ukwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu-6 ngemva kokuvundiswa. Lesi yisigaba sokugcina kubantu abenza usana ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa.

Okubalulekile

Ukuqonda ukuthi wenza kanjani usana kuhlanganisa isayensi, isikhathi, nokukhetha okunempilo. Kusukela ekuvuthweni kweqanda kuya ekuzimeni esibelethweni, isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile. Kwabahlola ukuthi izingane zenziwa kanjani noma abacabangela izindlela ezihlukene zokuthola ingane, kukhona izindlela eziningi eya ebuzalweni.

Noma ukhulelwa ngendlela yemvelo noma udinga usizo lwezokwelapha, uhambo lokuya ebuzalweni lugcwele ithemba. Ngokunakekela impilo yakho nokuhlala unolwazi, ungadlula kulo msebenzi ngokuzethemba nangethemba eliqhubekayo. Khumbula, sonke isinyathelo osithathayo sikusondeza empendulweni yokuthi usana lwakhiwa kanjani kanye nenjabulo yokudala ukuphila okusha.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ebuzwa

Ukwenza usana ngendlela yemvelo kwenziwa kanjani?

Isikhathi sibalulekile. Udinga ukulandelela ukuvuthwa kweqanda, ugcine indlela yokuphila enempilo, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ucansi lwenza ngesikhathi sewindi elivundile.

Izingane zenziwa kanjani?

Izingane zenziwa lapho isidoda sivundisa iqanda. I-zygote evelayo izimisa esibelethweni, lapho ikhula ibe yi-embryo.

Yini ethinta ukuzala kahle emadodeni nasemakhosazaneni?

Ukuzala kahle kungathonywa iminyaka, isisindo, ingcindezi, imikhuba yokuphila efana nokubhema, ngisho nokudla. Ukudla okufanele nendlela yokuphila enempilo kungathuthukisa amathuba akho.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela zokukhulelwa?

Yebo, ubuchwepheshe bokuzala obusiziwayo njenge-IUI ne-IVF bunikeza izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthola ingane kumabhangqa anenkinga yokuzala.

Usana lwakhiwa kanjani?

Usana lwakhiwa ngesikhathi isidoda singena ngempumelelo eqandeni, kudale i-zygote, esiba yi-embryo ngemva kokuzimisa esibelethweni.

Ingabe ingcindezi ingathinta ikhono lami lokukhulelwa?

Yebo, ingcindezi ingaphazamisa amazinga amahomoni, ithinte ukuvuthwa kweqanda nokukhiqizwa kwesidoda, okunganciphisa amandla okukhulelwa.

Kuvamise ukuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukukhulelwa?

Iningi lamabhangqa anempilo likhulelwa phakathi konyaka. Uma uneminyaka engaphansi kwangu-35, zama unyaka wonke ngaphambi kokufuna usizo; uma ungaphezu kuka-35, cabanga ukuya kudokotela ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.

Ingabe ukudla okuthile kuthuthukisa ukuzala kahle?

Nakuba kungasekho ukudla okukodwa okuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa, ukudla okunothe ngama-antioxidant, i-folic acid, nama-fatty acid e-omega-3 kusekela impilo yokuzala iyonke futhi kuthuthukise ukuzala kahle.

Izikhombo

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2. Stanford, J. B., White, G. L., & Hatasaka, H. (2002). Ukubekela isikhathi ucansi ukuze kutholakale ukukhulelwa: ubufakazi bamanje. Obstetrics and gynecology. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12468181/
3. Cooper, T. G., Noonan, E., von Eckardstein, S., Auger, J., Baker, H. W., Behre, H. M., Haugen, T. B., Kruger, T., Wang, C., Mbizvo, M. T., & Vogelsong, K. M. (2010). Amanani areferensi e-World Health Organization ezicacisweni zesidoda somuntu. Ukubuyekezwa kokuzala komuntu. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19934213/
4. Durairajanayagam D. (2018). Izimbangela zendlela yokuphila zokungazali kwabobaba. I-Arab journal of urology. Kutholakala ku: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5922227/
5. Morrell, J. M., & Rodriguez-Martinez, H. (2010). Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zezindlela zokukhetha isidoda njengethuluzi lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuzalana. I-Veterinary medicine international. Kutholakala ku: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2929515/
6. Einarsson, S., Bergh, C., Friberg, B., Pinborg, A., Klajnbard, A., Karlström, P. O., Kluge, L., Larsson, I., Loft, A., Mikkelsen-Englund, A. L., Stenlöf, K., Wistrand, A., & Thurin-Kjellberg, A. (2017). Ukungenelela kokwehlisa isisindo kwabesifazane abanomkhuhlane wokukhuluphala abangazali ngaphambi kwe-IVF: ucwaningo olulawulwa ngokungahleliwe. Ukuzala komuntu (Oxford, England). Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28854592/
7. Lund, K. H., Laursen, A. S. D., Grønborg, T. K., Toft, G., Jacobsen, B. H., Wang, T. R., Wesselink, A. K., Hatch, E. E., Sommer, G. J., Eisenberg, M. L., Rothman, K. J., Sørensen, H. T., Wise, L. A., & Mikkelsen, E. M. (2023). Ukucindezeleka okuzwayo nekhwalithi yesidoda. I-Andrology. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28854592/
8. Kesmodel, U., Wisborg, K., Olsen, S. F., Henriksen, T. B., & Secher, N. J. (2002). Ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nengozi yokukhishwa kwesisu ngokuzumayo. I-Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11825863/
9. Agarwal, A., Gupta, S., & Sharma, R. K. (2005). Indima yokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative ekuzaleni kwabesifazane. I-Reproductive biology ne-endocrinology. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16018814/
10. ractice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. Electronic address: ASRM@asrm.org, & Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (2017). Ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzala kwemvelo: umbono wekhomiti. Ukuzala nokungazali. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28228319/
11. Steptoe, P. C., & Edwards, R. G. (1978). Ukuzalwa ngemva kokufakwa kabusha kwesibungu somuntu. I-Lancet (London, England). Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/79723/
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