I-Folate noma i-Folic Acid ngaphambi kokubeletha: Ukwenza ukukhetha okufanele
Ukudla okunempilo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kusengaphambi kokukhulelwa kuyisihloko esikhula intshisekelo kuso phakathi kochwepheshe bezempilo nabazali abasolayo. Esinye sezihloko ezixoxwa kakhulu wukuthi i-folate uma iqhathaniswa ne-folic acid ekwengezweni kwama-prenatal. Kokubili i-folate ne-folic acid kuhlotshaniswa nokukhula kahle kombungu, kodwa kusekhona ukudideka mayelana nokufana kwazo, umehluko wazo, kanye nezinzuzo zazo ngakunye. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile umehluko omncane phakathi kwale mikhiqizo yokudla, kuhlanganise nendlela esebenza ngayo emzimbeni, indima yawo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, nokuthi ngabe kukhona okukhethwa kakhulu kunokunye ngokuya ngobufakazi bakamuva besayensi.
Ukuqonda i-Folate ne-Folic Acid
I-folate ne-folic acid yizinhlobo ezimbili ze-vitamin B9, into ebalulekile edingekayo ekwenziweni kwe-DNA, ekwabiweni kwamaseli, nasekukhiqizweni kwamaseli egazi abomvu. I-folate itholakala ngokwemvelo ekudleni okunjengotamatisi abanolamula, imifino enamagxolo aluhlaza kanye nemidumba, kanti i-folic acid iyifomu lokwenziwa elivame ukutholakala ezithasiselweni nasemikhiqizweni yokudla ecebisisiwe. Abantu abaningi basaqhubeka nokubuza, ingabe i-folate iyafana ne-folic acid? Noma i-folic acid iyafana ne-folate? Nakuba zihlobene, azifani ngokuphelele. Amandla omzimba ukuhlela nokusebenzisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili angahluka kakhulu, okwenza lo mehluko ubeubalulekile kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa [1].
Kubaluleke Ngani Ukuthi I-Folate ne-Folic Acid Kube Khona Ekukhulelweni
Ukudla okwanele kwe-vitamin B9 kubalulekile ekwakhekeni kwe-neural tube kombungu, okwenzeka emasontweni okuqala ambalwa okukhulelwa—kuvame ukwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba owesifazane azi ukuthi ukhulelwe. Yingakho ama-vitamin e-prenatal evame ukuqukatha le nto ebalulekile. Isihloko se-folate uma siqhathaniswa ne-folic acid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sibalulekile, njengoba kokubili kuhlotshaniswa nokuvimbela izinkinga ze-neural tube (NTDs) ezifana ne-spina bifida ne-anencephaly. Izinga eliphansi le-folate lixhunyaniswe futhi nokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, nezinye izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, ukwengeza i-folate noma i-folic acid ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuqala sokukhulelwa kunconwa kabanzi [2].
Ingabe I-Folate ne-Folic Acid Kuyafana?
Umbuzo ovame ukuvela kubomama abalindele ukukhulelwa uthi ingabe i-folate ne-folic acid kuyafana noma ingabe i-folate i-folic acid kuyinto efanayo. Impendulo ingu-cha. I-folate ibhekisela efomini yemvelo etholakala ekudleni okungakacutshungulwa, kanti i-folic acid yenziwa emafekthri futhi isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ecebisisiwe nasezithasiselweni. Nakuba i-folic acid iguqulelwa efomini elisebenzayo le-folate emzimbeni, akuwona wonke umuntu oyihlukanisa kahle ngenxa yezinguquko zofuzo. Lokhu kungasebenzi kahle yikho okwenza abaningi sebefuna ezinye izindlela esikhundleni se-folic acid, ngaleyo ndlela bephendula nemibuzo enjengokuthi ingabe i-folate ne-folic acid kuyafana? Noma ingabe i-folate ne-folic acid kuyinto efanayo?
I-Methylfolate Uma Iqhathaniswa ne-Folic Acid Ekugcineni Kokukhulelwa
Ukuqhathanisa i-methylfolate ne-folic acid sekuthole ukunakwa phakathi kochwepheshe bezempilo. I-methylfolate, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-L-5-MTHF, iyifomu elisebenzayo le-folate elisetshenziswa ngqo umzimba ngaphandle kokuguqulwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-folic acid idinga izigaba eziningana zama-enzyme ukuze iguqulwe ibe efomini elisebenzayo. Kubantu abanoguquko kufuzo lwe-MTHFR—okulinganiselwa ukuthi kuthinta cishe u-30-60% wabantu—lena nqubo yokuguqulwa ingaphazamiseka. Lokhu kwenza izinkulumo ezimayelana ne-methylfolate uma iqhathaniswa ne-folic acid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zibe sezingeni eliphezulu, njengoba i-methylfolate inganikeza ukumuncwa okungcono nokutholakala kangcono emzimbeni kwezinye izifazane.
Ukuchaza Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Folate ne-Folic Acid
Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-folate ne-folic acid kubalulekile lapho ukhetha ama-supplement e-prenatal. I-folate iyingxenye yodidi lokudla lwemvelo futhi ivame ukuvela efomini le-polyglutamate, kanti i-folic acid iyifomu le-monoglutamate elenziwe. Lo mehluko wesakhiwo uthelela endleleni okukhangwa ngayo futhi egaywa ngayo. Nakuba kokubili ekugcineni kungasiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-vitamin B9, izinyathelo eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze i-folic acid iguqulwe zingaba yinkinga kwezinye izifazane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho izidingo ziphezulu.
Indlela Umzimba Osebenzisa Ngayo I-Folate ne-Folic Acid
Ingabe i-folate iyafana ne-folic acid noma ingabe i-folic acid iyafana ne-folate noma i-methylfolate iyafana ne-folic acid uma kukhulunywa ngokugayeka? Cha ngokuphelele. I-folate yemvelo etholakala ekudleni iguqulwa kahle ibe ifomu elisebenzayo le-folate (L-methylfolate) ohlelweni lokugaya. I-folic acid, nokho, kumele yehliswe kuqala ibe yi-dihydrofolate bese iba yi-tetrahydrofolate ngaphambi kokuba ibe sebenzayo ngokwe-biological. Lokhu kuguqulwa akusebenzi kahle kubantu abanokuhlukahluka kofuzo, ikakhulukazi ukuguquka okuvamile kwe-MTHFR. Lokhu sekuholele ocwaningweni mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwe-methylfolate uma iqhathaniswa ne-folate kanye nemikhawulo engaba khona yokwengezwa kwe-folic acid ekunakekelweni kwabesifazane abakhulelwe [3].
I-Methylfolate Uma Iqhathaniswa ne-Folate: Yikuphi Okungcono?
Ingxoxo mayelana ne-methylfolate uma iqhathaniswa ne-folate ayikhulumi ngokuthi eyodwa ingcono kakhulu kunenye, kodwa ikhuluma ngokufaneleka komuntu ngamunye. I-methylfolate yifomu le-bioactive, elitholakala kalula ukuthi lisetshenziswe masinyane, okwenza kube nzuzo kulabo abanezinkinga zokuguqula i-folic acid. Nokho, ukudla okunothe nge-folate kunikeza i-folate ngokuhambisana nezinye izinto zokudla ezisebenzisana kahle. Kubantu abaningi abangenazo izinkinga zokugaya, ukudla i-folate evela ekudleni okungokwemvelo kusalokhu kuwusizo kakhulu, kodwa kulabo abanokudinga okuphezulu kwe-folate noma izinselele zofuzo, ukwengeza i-methylfolate kunganikeza ukwesekwa okungcono.
Ukukhetha Ama-Vitamin e-Prenatal Ane-Folate Esikhundleni Se-Folic Acid
Imikhiqizo eminingi ye-prenatal manje isihlinzeka ama-vitamin e-prenatal ane-folate esikhundleni se-folic acid, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni yobuchwepheshe noma ekhethekile. Le mikhiqizo iklama abesifazane abangase babe nokuguquka kwe-MTHFR noma abathanda iphrofayili yezakhi zomzimba ezitholakala kalula. Ukukhetha isithasiselo esifanele kufanele kusekelwe ezidingweni zomuntu, umlando wezempilo, nasezelulekweni zochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe. Kulabo abakwazi ukubekezelela i-folic acid kahle, izindlela zendabuko zisalokhu ziyinketho, kodwa ukuqonda mayelana nokumuncwa sekwenze izinketho eziqukethe i-methylfolate zibe zidume ngakumbi.
I-Folic Uma Iqhathaniswa Ne-Folate Eziqondisweni Zezokwelapha
Izikhungo zezokwelapha zisakwazi ukuncoma ukwengeza i-folic acid kubantu abaningi, kodwa ucwaningo olusakhulayo selwenze abanye baqale ukucabangisisa kabusha. Lokhu kuholele ezingxoxweni eziqhubekayo mayelana ne-folic uma iqhathaniswa ne-folate ezimeni ze-prenatal. Amanye amazwe asecebisile ukudla nge-folic acid ukuvimbela ukushoda kwezinga lesizwe, kodwa odokotela bangase batusa ukwengeza okwenziwe umuntu ngamunye ngokuya ngokuhlolwa kofuzo noma izinto zobungozi zomuntu. Igama elithi folate versus folic acid selivamile phakathi kochwepheshe abahlola izinzuzo zefomu ngalinye [4].
Okubalulekile Okufanele Kucatshangwe Lapho Ukhetha Izithasiselo ze-Prenatal
Lapho ukhetha isithasiselo se-prenatal, izici ezifana nomthamo, ukuthi umzimba usikala kangakanani (bioavailability), nokubekezelela komzimba kubalulekile. Umehluko phakathi kwe-folic ne-folate ungabonakala mncane, kodwa kwabesifazane abanokukhathazeka ngokumuncwa, ungaba nomthelela emiphumeleni yokukhulelwa. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana ne-methyl folate uma iqhathaniswa ne-folic acid uma unomlando womndeni wokuzalwa kwezingane ezinezinkinga noma izinkinga zokukhulelwa ezingenachazelo. Izinqumo ezinolwazi zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo kamama kanye nokukhula kombungu.
Uma usaqhubeka nokucabangisisa ukuthi ukhethe i-prenatal ene-folate hhayi i-folic acid ukuze uthole ukumuncwa okungcono kwezinto ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, bheka isihloko sethu esithi 'When Should You Choose Prenatal with Folate Not Folic Acid?' ukuze uthole imibono yochwepheshe.
Ukunakwa Okukhethekile: I-MTHFR Ne-Folate Metabolism
Ucwaningo olukhulayo lugxile ku-l methylfolate uma iqhathaniswa ne-folic acid kanye nemiphumela yalokho kubantu abanoguquko kufuzo lwe-MTHFR. Lo ma-enzyme ubhekele ukuguqula i-folic acid ibe ifomu elisebenzayo. Labo abinomsebenzi we-MTHFR ophansi bangase baqoqele i-folic acid engakaguqulwa egazini, okungase kuphazamise izinqubo zokumethayela (methylation) ezijwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, odokotela abaningi be-functional medicine batusa amasu okuwengeza i-methylfolate uma iqhathaniswa ne-folic acid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kumakhasimende analokhu kuguquka.
I-Folic Acid Uma Iqhathaniswa Nama-Multivitamin e-Prenatal Ane-Folate
Ingxoxo mayelana ne-folic acid uma iqhathaniswa ne-prenatal ayihlosi ukulahla i-folic acid ngokuphelele kodwa igxile ekufaniseni ukwengeza nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye. Nakuba i-folic acid isasebenza kubantu abaningi, labo abanezinkinga ekugayweni kwe-folic acid bangase bakhethe amafomula aqukethe i-methylfolate noma i-folate yemvelo. Ngenhlanhla, sekukhona ama-vitamin amaningi e-prenatal ane-folate esikhundleni se-folic acid, okunikeza abazali abasazoba nabantwana inkululeko enkulu kanye nokumuncwa kwezinto ezibalulekile okungenzeka kube ngcono [5].
Uma unentshisekelo yezinzuzo eziphelele ze-multivitamin ene-folic acid ekunakekelweni kwe-prenatal, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka isihloko sethu esithi 'Multivitamin With Folic Acid: The Value of a Comprehensive Supplement' ukuze uthole imininingwane eningiliziwe.
Indima Ye-Folate Ne-Folic Acid Ku-Methylation Nasekwenzeni I-DNA
Ngaphezu kokuvimbela izinkinga ze-neural tube, omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu kodwa engabanjwa indiva ye-vitamin B9—ikhona kungaba yi-folate, i-folic acid, noma i-methylfolate—ukubamba kwayo iqhaza ku-methylation, inqubo ebalulekile ye-biochemical. I-methylation ilawula ukuvezwa kofuzo, isekela ukuhlanzwa komzimba (detoxification), futhi ibamba iqhaza ekwenzeni ama-neurotransmitter afana ne-serotonin ne-dopamine. Umehluko phakathi kwe-folate ne-folic acid uba nomqondo okhethekile ku-methylation ngoba kuphela izinhlobo ezinemethayela (ezinjenge-methylfolate) ezibamba iqhaza ngqo kulezi zifundo ngaphandle kokudinga ezinye izinguquko.
Lo mehluko uphakamisa umbuzo abaningi abawubuzayo: ingabe i-methylfolate iyafana ne-folic acid uma kukhulunywa ngokusekela i-methylation? Impendulo ingu-cha. I-methylfolate isivele isefomini elinemethayela, kanti i-folic acid idinga ukuguqulwa ngezinyathelo eziningi zama-enzyme. Lokhu kuba semqoka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengoba i-methylation esebenza kahle isiza ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho bengane, umgogodla, nokuzinza kofuzo. Abazali abanomlando wokulahlekelwa ukukhulelwa, ukungazali okungenasizathu, noma izinkinga zemizwa bangase bafune ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe i-l methylfolate uma iqhathaniswa ne-folic acid ifanele izidingo zabo kangcono. I-methylation efanele ayithinti nje impilo yengane kuphela kodwa ingathinta nemizwa kamama nokulinganisela ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi nangemva kokukhulelwa.
Amathiphu Asebenzayo Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe Ngokulindela Abakhetha Phakathi Kwe-Folate ne-Folic Acid
Ngenqwaba yezinketho ze-prenatal ezitholakalayo, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-folic acid uma iqhathaniswa nezithasiselo ze-folate ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabonakala ukudida. Okokuqala, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ngabe usengcupheni yokuba nokwehla kokugaywa kwe-folic acid yini. Labo abanoguquko olwaziwayo kufuzo lwe-MTHFR bangazuza ekusebenziseni ama-vitamin e-prenatal ane-folate esikhundleni se-folic acid ukuze baqinisekise ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinto ezibalulekile. Nakuba umbuzo othi ingabe i-folate iyafana ne-folic acid ungabonakala ulula, isinqumo sinemiphumela esebenzayo, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokumuncwa nokusebenza kahle.
Uma ungaqiniseki ngesimo sakho sofuzo, ungakhetha izithasiselo eziqukethe i-methylfolate esikhundleni se-folic acid, njengoba ziphephile kubantu abaningi futhi zifanele ngisho nalabo abangenalo leli guquko. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangasiza ekuhumusheni imiphumela yezivivinyo zegazi futhi batusa i-vitamin ye-prenatal ehambisana nezidingo zakho ezihlukile. Ukubeka phambili isithasiselo esisezingeni eliphezulu esingenazo izithako ezingadingekile noma ama-allergen kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Cabanga nangama-vitamin e-prenatal asuselwa ekudleni okungokwemvelo uma kungenzeka, njengoba la ajwayele ukuqukatha i-folate yemvelo. Noma yini oyikhethayo, ukulandelana kubalulekile—ukuthatha isithasiselo njalo, kungcono ngaphambi kokukhulelwa nangawo wonke umjikelezo wokukhulelwa, kusekela umphumela omuhle kakhulu kumama nengane [6].
Isifinyezo Esibalulekile
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-folate uma iqhathaniswa ne-folic acid ekwengezweni kwe-prenatal ekukhulelweni ekugcineni kuncike esimweni sempilo somuntu, ufuzo, kanye nesiqondiso esivela kudokotela. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-folate ne-folic acid, nokucabangela izinto ezifana nokumuncwa (bioavailability) nezifiso zofuzo, kusiza abazali abalindele ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Kungaba ukucubungula i-methylfolate uma iqhathaniswa ne-folic acid, ukubuzisisa umbuzo othi ingabe i-folate iyafana ne-folic acid, noma ukukhetha phakathi kwe-folic acid ne-folate ezinkethweni ze-prenatal, ukuhlala unolwazi kuholela ekunakekelweni okungcono kwe-prenatal. Ukukhetha ifomu elilungile kuqinisekisa ukukhula kombungu okuhle, kunciphisa ubungozi, futhi kusekela impilo kamama iyonke.
Izinkomba:
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- Rieder MJ. Prevention of neural tube defects with periconceptional folic acid. Clin Perinatol. 1994 Sep;21(3):483-503. PMID: 7982331.
- Mosley BS, Cleves MA, Siega-Riz AM, Shaw GM, Canfield MA, Waller DK, Werler MM, Hobbs CA; National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Neural tube defects and maternal folate intake among pregnancies conceived after folic acid fortification in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Jan 1;169(1):9-17. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwn331. Epub 2008 Oct 25. PMID: 18953063; PMCID: PMC3139973.
- Adams JB, Sorenson JC, Pollard EL, Kirby JK, Audhya T. Evidence-Based Recommendations for an Optimal Prenatal Supplement for Women in the U.S., Part Two: Minerals. Nutrients. 2021 May 28;13(6):1849. doi: 10.3390/nu13061849. PMID: 34071548; PMCID: PMC8229801.
- Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Fuchs C, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Willett WC. Multivitamin use, folate, and colon cancer in women in the Nurses' Health Study. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Oct 1;129(7):517-24. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-129-7-199810010-00002. PMID: 9758570.
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