Fertilaid yabesifazane: Izindlela zemvelo zokwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa

Lapho umbhangqwana ebhekana nobunzima bokukhulelwa, kunamathuba angama-50% okuthi impilo yokuzala kowesifazane ibe yiyo kuphela imbangela yalokho [1]. Izinkinga zokuzala ziyinkinga evamile kwabesifazane abaningi abahlelela ukukhulelwa.

Izinto eziningi zingathinta ukuzala kowesifazane, kusukela ezinguqukweni zamahomoni kuya ezinqubweni zendlela yokuphila [2]. Ukuba nolwazi ngezinkinga ezivamile zokuzala nokuhlola izinketho ezikhona ze-fertilaid for women kungasiza abesifazane bathuthukise amathuba abo okukhulelwa.

Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda ngezinkinga ezivamile zokuzala, ukwelashwa kwazo kwezokwelapha, nezindlela zemvelo zokusekela ukuzala kowesifazane.

Ukuzala Kwabesifazane

Ukuzala kowesifazane kuncike emjikelezweni wanyanga zonke, olawulwa amahomoni ahlukene. Nyanga zonke, i-ovari ikhulula iqanda ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda, isigaba esifika ngosuku lwe-14 lomjikelezo wanyanga zonke wezinsuku ezingu-28 [3].

Uma isidoda sikhona futhi sivundisa iqanda, umbungu uba khona, bese iqanda elivundisiwe liya esibelethweni liyofaka khona. Ngemva kwalokhu kufakwa, isikhathi sokukhulelwa siqala futhi siqhubeke izinyanga eziyisi-9.

Ngokungafani nabesilisa, abesifazane bazalwa benenani elilinganiselwe lamaqanda aguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinga elinempilo lamahomoni kubo bobabili ozakwenu, ukuvuthwa kweqanda okuvamile kwabesifazane, nekhwalithi enhle yesidoda kwabesilisa kwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa.

Izinkinga Ezivamile Zokuzala Kwabesifazane

Ukungalingani kwamahomoni, ukuvuthwa kweqanda okungajwayelekile, nezinguquko ezihambisana nokuguga ezinye zezinto ezisemqoka ezithinta ukuzala kowesifazane. Abesifazane abanezingqinamba zamahomoni bavame ukuba nemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini engajwayelekile, okwenza kube nzima ukulandelela isikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda ngokunembile. Ukulandela isikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda kubalulekile ekukhulelweni ngoba yiso leso sikhathi lapho isidoda sinamathuba aphezulu kakhulu okuhlangana neqanda [4].

Izinkinga zokuvuthwa kweqanda, ezifana ne-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), zingaphazamisa ukukhishwa kweqanda okuvamile futhi zehlise amathuba okukhulelwa [5]. Ngokungafani nabesilisa, abaqhubeka bekhiqiza isidoda njalo, abesifazane banenani elilinganiselwe lamangqamuzana amaqanda. Njengoba abesifazane bekhula, kokubili ikhwalithi nenani lamaqanda kwehla, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi umbungu ube khona [6].

Izici zendlela yokuphila ezifana nokucindezeleka, ukudla okungampofu, nokungazivocavoci nazo zingathinta amandla okuzala, futhi zingabangela izifo ezifana ne-endometriosis noma izifo zama-thyroid.

Imithi Yezokwelapha Yokuzala Kwabesifazane

Kukhona izindlela zokwelapha zezinkinga eziningi zokuzala kwabesifazane. Imithi yokuzala, efana ne-Clomid, ingasiza ukulawula noma ukuvuselela i-ovulation. Kwabesifazane abanokungalingani kwamahomoni, njengamazinga aphansi e-progesterone noma e-estrogen, ukwelashwa ngamahomoni kungase kube usizo.

Uma izinkinga zokuzala zinzima kakhulu futhi zingavumeli ukukhulelwa ngokwemvelo, ubuchwepheshe bokuzala obusizwa (ART) obufana ne-in vitro fertilization (IVF) noma i-intrauterine insemination (IUI) buyizinketho ezisebenzayo \[7].

I-IVF ihilela ukuchumisa iqanda ngaphandle komzimba bese kufakwa esibelethweni, kuyilapho i-IUI ibeka isidoda ngqo esibelethweni ukusiza ukuchumisa. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zilungiswa ngokuya ngezinto eziningi ezifana nempilo nowesifazane nokuqala kwakhe.

Imithi yemvelo yokuthuthukisa ukuzala kwabesifazane

Abesifazane abaningi babheka imithi yemvelo nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila ukuze basekele ukuzala. Izinguquko ezincane emikhubeni yansuku zonke zingaba nemiphumela emihle empilweni yokuzala.

1. Ukudla okulinganiselayo

Ukudla ukudla okunempilo okulinganiselayo okucebe ngamavithamini, amaminerali nama-antioxidant kungasiza ukusekela ukuzala. Ucwaningo lwango-2021 lubonisa ukuthi izinto ezinjenge-folic acid, i-zinc, nama-antioxidant afana ne-vitamin C kusekela impilo yamaqanda nokulingana kwamahomoni \[8]. Ungawathola la mazakhamzimba agxile ekuzaleni kumifino eluhlaza enamagqabi, amajikijolo, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, nakumaprotheni anenani eliphansi lamafutha.

2. Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo

OUkukhuluphala ngokweqile nokuba mncane kakhulu kungathinta kabi amazinga amahomoni, okuhlanganisa i-estrogen ne-progesterone kwabesifazane. Yingakho ukugcina isisindo esilinganiselayo kungasiza impilo yokuzala. Umsebenzi womzimba ophakathi nendawo ukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwegazi okuhle futhi usiza ukugcina isisindo esinempilo.

3. Ukuphatha ingcindezi

Ingcindezi ephakeme ingathinta amahomoni okuzala futhi yehlise amathuba okukhulelwa. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuprakthiza izindlela zokuphumula ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, noma ukuphefumula okujulile ukuze kusekelwe inhlalakahle yengqondo futhi mhlawumbe kuthuthukiswe impilo yokuzala.

4. Izithasiselo zokukhulisa ukuzala

Njengoba kuxoxwe ngenhla, amavithamini amaningi namaminerali angasiza ukukhulisa impilo yokuzala kwabesifazane. Yize ungawathola la mazakhamzimba ekudleni okunempilo okulinganiselayo, kuhlala kunethuba lezikhala zokudla kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla.

Ukuze kugcwaliswe lawo magebe okudla, odokotela batusa izithasiselo zokuzala. Izithasiselo zokuzala kwabesifazane ziqukethe izithako ezifana ne-folic acid, i-zinc, i-vitamin C, nezinye izakhi ezithuthukisa ibhalansi yama-hormone nempilo yamaqanda.

Isiphetho

Izinkinga zokuzala kwabesifazane ziyisizathu esikhulu esenza imibhangqwana eminingi ilwe nokukwazi ukukhulelwa. Ezinye izinsikazi zizizwa zingabaza ukuya ekuhlolweni kokuzala nokubuza ngosizo lokuzala lwabesifazane.

Ngenhlanhla, kukhona izinketho eziningi zokwelashwa noma usizo lokuzala lwabesifazane olutholakalayo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zifaka imithi, kanti ezinye zifaka izinguquko ekudleni nasemphilo yokuphila.

Uma usola noma iyiphi inkinga yokuzala kuwena, sincoma ukuthi uxhumane nodokotela okhethekile kwezokuzala futhi wabelane ngesimo sakho ukuze uthole iseluleko soqeqeshiwe mayelana nempilo yakho yokuzala.\u00a0Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucatshangelwa usizo lokuzala kwabesilisa ozakwenu kungandisa amathuba aphelele okukhulelwa, njengoba ukuzala kwabesilisa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhulelweni okuyimpumelelo.

Imithombo esetshenziisiwe

1. editor. (2022c, June 10). Ukungazali Kwabesifazane. American Pregnancy Association. https://americanpregnancy.org/getting-pregnant/female-infertility/ 
2. Walker, M. H., & Tobler, K. J. (2022b, December 19). Ukungazali Kwabesifazane. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556033/ 
3. Thiyagarajan DK, Basit H, Jeanmonod R. I-Physiology, Umjikelezo Wokuya Esikhathini. [Kubuyekeziwe 2024 Septhemba 27]. Ku: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Kutholakala ku-: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500020/ 
4. Holesh, J. E., Bass, A. N., & Lord, M. (2023e, May 1). I-Physiology, Ukuvuthwa Kwamaqanda (Ovulation). StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441996/ 
5. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Isifo Se-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html 
6. Amanvermez, R., & Tosun, M. (2016b). Ukuvuselelwa Ngokubuyekeziwe Ngokuguga Kwama-Ovary Nezivivinyo Zesipele Sama-Ovary. PubMed, 9(4), 411–415. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4793161/ 
7. Jain, M., & Singh, M. (2023d, June 7). Izindlela Ze-Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576409/ 
8. Skoracka, K., Ratajczak, A. E., Rychter, A. M., Dobrowolska, A., & Krela-Kaźmierczak, I. (2021d). Ukuzala Kwabesifazane kanye Nendlela Yokudla: Izingxenye Ezibaluleke Kakhulu. Advances in Nutrition, 12(6), 2372–2386. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab068