Indlela amaqanda kowesifazane athonya ngayo ukuzala nokuvuthwa kweqanda

Indaba yama qanda kowesifazane iyathakazelisa futhi, uma sibheka iqiniso, iyamangalisa kakhulu uma ucabanga ngayo. Wonke owesifazane uzalwa nawo wonke amaqanda azoba nawo kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Yebo, awekho amaqanda engezwa ngemva kokuzalwa—lokho onakho yilokho onakho. Lawa maqanda ase-ovary mancane kodwa anamandla, adlala indima enkulu ekuzaleni, ekuchamelweni (ovulation), nethuba lokukhulelwa. Uma uzama ukukhulelwa noma nje unelukuluku lokwazi ukuthi konke lokhu kusebenza kanjani, ukuqonda amaqanda ngaphakathi kwe-ovary nomjikelezo wempilo yawo kubaluleke ngempela.

Ake sihlole le ndaba, sibheke ukuthi kwenzekani kula maqanda, izinto ezithinta wona, nezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuwagcina enamandla futhi enempilo.

Amaqanda kowesifazane achaza ukuthini?

Ngakho, yilokhu okwenzekayo: ngaphambi kokuba ingane yentombazane izalwe, isivele inemayelana nezigidi eziyisithupha zamaqanda isesezibilinini zikamama wayo. Lapho esezalwa, inani lamaqanda okuzala seliwe lafika cishe esigidini esisodwa kuya kwezi-2 million. Kodwa linda—kunokuningi! Lapho efikisa, usehlele cishe ku-300,000–400,000 amaqanda ku-ovary. Sisamaningi, kodwa kukhona ukugwema. Lawa maqanda awabuyelelwa njengamanye amaseli emzimbeni. Esikhundleni salokho, inani lawo liyaqhubeka lincipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi [1].

Ngenyanga ngayinye, phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kowesifazane, inqwaba yale maqanda iqala ukuthuthuka, kodwa elilodwa kuphela ngokuvamile elifinyelela ekuchamelweni. Amanye, ngebhadi, agaywa kabusha emzimbeni ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-atresia. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, njengoba abesifazane bekhula, kokubili inani nekghono lala maqanda abesifazane kuyancipha, okwenza kube nzima ukukhulelwa.

Mangaki amaqanda akhishwa ngesikhathi sokuchamela (ovulation) nokuthi kungani lokho kubalulekile

Umbuzo ojwayelekile kakhulu uthi, mangaki iqanda elikhishwa ngesikhathi sokuchamela (ovulation)? Impendulo ithi: ngokuvamile, kube linye kuphela ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Umzimba wakho awuchithi izinsiza ngokungenasizathu, ngakho ugxila ekuvuthweni kweqanda elilodwa eliyinhloko lomfazi njalo ngenyanga. Leli qanda likhishwa ku-ovary lingene ku-fallopian tube, lilinde isidoda ukuthi sifike ukuze senze ukuchanyuselwa.

Kwesinye isikhathi, noma kunjalo, ama-ovary akho angakhetha ukukhulula amaqanda amabili, okungaholela kumawele angafani uma womabili la maqanda echanyuselwa. Kodwa lokhu kuvamile kakhulu futhi akuyona into ejwayelekile. Ukwazi ukuthi mangaki amaqanda akhishwa ngesikhathi sokuchamela (ovulation) kungakusiza uqonde kangcono ukuzala kwakho. Ukulandelela umjikelezo wakho usebenzisa ama-app, amakhithi okuhlola i-ovulation, noma ngokunaka eduze umzimba wakho kungakusiza uthole isikhathi esihle kakhulu soku ZAMA ukukhulelwa [2].

Enye into ebalulekile ekukhulelweni ukuqonda ukuthi uqanda luphila isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokuvuthwa, ngoba leli fasitela elifushane lapho uqanda lusafanele ukuchuma linquma isikhathi esingcono sokuzama ukukhulelwa.

Umjikelezo wempilo yamaqanda ngaphakathi kwezinkodla

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale iminyaka yobusha, umzimba wakho usuvele usebenze ekunqumeni ikusasa lamaqanda akho ezinkodlweni. Nyanga ngayinye, iqembu lamaqanda lithola isignali yokuqala ukukhula. Kula maqanda, elilodwa kuphela eliba “yinkanyezi” futhi lifinyelele ekuvuthweni okuphelele. Leli yilona qanda elikhishwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda.

Kodwa nansi into emqoka: iningi lamaqanda aqala ukukhula alifinyeleli ekugcineni. Ayamuncwa kabusha emzimbeni. Eminyakeni eminingi, lo msebenzi uyaphindwa kuze kufike esikhathini se-menopause, lapho inani lamaqanda cishe seliphelile. Lapho owesifazane eneminyaka engu-37, abaningi sebenamaqanda acishe abe ngu-25,000 kuphela asele. Futhi ngesikhathi kufika i-menopause, sekusele ngaphansi kwama-1,000 amaqanda [3].

Akumayelana nenombolo kuphela, noma kunjalo. Ikhwalithi yamaqanda nayo yehla njengoba abesifazane bekhula, esizokuchaza kabanzi kancane.

Kungani ikhwalithi yamaqanda yehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Ake sikhulume ngekhwalithi ngoba akusilo inani lamaqanda lodwa elibalulekile. Njengoba owesifazane ekhula, ikhwalithi yamaqanda akhe iyancipha. Amaqanda amadala amathuba amaningi okuba nezingculungcathu zama-chromosome, okungenza kube nzima ukukhulelwa noma kuholele ezinkingeni ezifana nokukhishwa yizisu.

Kowesifazane ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-30, iningi lamaqanda akhe linempilo futhi liyakwazi ukuchuma. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka engu-35, ikhwalithi yamaqanda iqala ukwehla kakhulu. Uma eseneminyaka engu-40, iningi lamaqanda selingasafanele kahle ukuchumiswa. Yingakho kungathatha isikhathi eside ukukhulelwa nokuthi kungani izindlela zokwelashwa kokungazali zanda njengoba beseminyaka emikhulu.

Izindaba ezinhle? Kunendlela ongasekela ngayo ikhwalithi yamaqanda. Ama-antioxidant afana ne-CoQ10 neVitamin C angasiza ukuvikela amaqanda ekucindezelekeni okubangelwa ama-free radicals. Ukuzinakekela ngokudla okunempilo kanye nezithako zokwengeza kungaletha umehluko [4].

Yini ethinta amaqanda okuzala kanye nenani lamaqanda

Izinto eziningi zingathinta inani lamaqanda kanye nempilo yawo. Iminyaka, kunjalo, iyona enkulu. Kodwa nendlela ophila ngayo idlala indima enkulu. Ukubhema, isibonelo, akuvumelekile nhlobo uma uzama ukugcina amaqanda akho enempilo. Kulimaza i-DNA emaqandeni akho futhi kusheshise ukuncipha kwenani lamaqanda.

Ukwethuka nokucindezeleka kuyingxenye enye efihlakele. Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo kuphazamisa amahomoni akho, okungaphazamisa ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda. Futhi kukhona nokudla. Uma ukudla kwakho kunokuntula izakhi ezibalulekile ezifana ne-Folic Acid, i-Zinc, noma ama-Omega-3, amaqanda akho angase angatholi ukwesekwa adinga khona ukuze ahlale enempilo.

Izifo ezithile ezifana ne-PCOS noma i-endometriosis zingaphazamisa ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda nokuphila kahle kwamaqanda akho ezinkodlweni. I-PCOS, isibonelo, ibangela ukungalingani kwamahomoni okwenza kube nokungavuthwa njalo kwamaqanda, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi amaqanda avuthwe kahle [5].

Amahomoni kanye nendima yawo ekuvuthweni kwamaqanda

Ama-hormone afana nabalawuli bomculo ohlelweni lwakho lokuzala. Ngaphandle kwawo, ama-egg akho ase-ovary abengeke azi ukuthi enzeni. I-Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) kanye ne-Luteinizing Hormone (LH) yibo abadlali abakhulu lapha. I-FSH isiza ukuvuselela ukukhula kwama-follicle ku-ovary, kanti ukwanda kwe-LH kubangela i-ovulation.

Uma ama-hormone akho engalingani, lokhu kungaphazamisa lo msebenzi. Izimo ezifana ne-PCOS noma izinkinga ze-thyroid zingaphazamisa la ma-hormone, zenze i-ovulation ingabi njalo noma ingenzeki nhlobo. Futhi uma i-ovulation ingenzeki, kusho ukuthi awekho amaqanda akhishwa ukuze achamiswe.

Ukugcina ama-hormone enempilo kubalulekile kakhulu. Ukugwema amakhemikhali aphazamisa ama-endocrine atholakala epulasitiki nasemikhiqizo yokuzilungisa kungasiza. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo okulinganiselayo nokulawula ukucindezeleka nakho kungasiza ukuthi ama-hormone akho ahlale elungile [6].

Ukuqonda ukuthi i-ovulation ithatha isikhathi esingakanani kungakusiza ubone kahle izinsuku zakho ozala kakhulu ngazo, ukuze ukhulise amathuba akho okukhulelwa.

Indlela yokusekela impilo yamaqanda ngendlela yemvelo

Uma uzama ukukhulelwa, kukhona izinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze ukhuthaze amaqanda akho okuzala. Okokuqala, ugxile kokudlayo. Ukudla okunothe ngokudla okuphelele, amaprotheni anemicu emincane namafutha anempilo kuyisiqalo esihle. Ukudla okunothe nge-Folic Acid, njengemifino eluhlaza enamahlamvu nemikhiqizo yamagilebhisi, kungasekele ukuhlukana kwamaseli futhi kugcine ama-egg akho enempilo.

Ukuzivocavoca nakho kubalulekile. Kodwa ungalidluli izinga! Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kungaphazamisa ama-hormone akho futhi kunciphise nethuba lokuba ne-ovulation. Hlosela emisebenzini yokuzivocavoca emaphakathi, njengokuhamba ngebhuloho, ukubhukuda, noma i-yoga [7].

Futhi ungakhohlwa ukulala. Imikhuba emibi yokulala ingaphazamisa amazinga akho e-hormone, kuhlanganise nalawo alawula i-ovulation. Zama ukulala amahora angu-7–8 ebusuku okunokulala okujulile, kwekhwalithi enhle.

Ukulawula ukucindezeleka nakho kubalulekile. Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo kungaphazamisa ama-hormone akho futhi kwehlise amathuba akho okukhulelwa. Ukuthandaza, i-mindfulness, noma ngisho nokuhamba nsuku zonke emvelweni kungasiza kakhulu ekwehliseni amazinga okucindezeleka [8].

Ukwelashwa kokungabi nenzalo nezinketho zesimanje

Kwesinye isikhathi izindlela zemvelo azanele, futhi lokho kulungile. Ukwelashwa kwesimanje kokukhulelwa kungasiza abesifazane banqobe izinselelo eziphathelene nama-egg abo.

Ukuqandisa amaqanda sekuyinketho ethandwayo kwabesifazane abafuna ukubambezela ukuzala izingane. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine amaqanda akho asemancane, anempilo ukuze uwasebenzise esikhathini esizayo. Inqubo ihilela ukuvuselela ama-ovary ukuze akhiqize amaqanda amaningi, bese lawo ma-egg akhishwa agcineke eqandisiwe.

Kwabazabalazela ukukhulelwa, i-In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) ingenye inketho. I-IVF ihilela ukukhipha amaqanda, ukuwafakelisa ngembewu esikhungweni socwaningo, bese izigaxa zembryo zifakwa esibelethweni. Uma ikhwalithi noma inani lamaqanda kuyinkinga, kungasetshenziswa amaqanda omnikeli osemncane ukuze kwandiswe amathuba empumelelo [9].

Izithasiselo zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamaqanda

Uma kukhulunywa ngokusekela amaqanda kwabesifazane, izithasiselo zingaguqula kakhulu izinto. I-CoQ10 ingesinye seziphakamiso ezivelele zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamaqanda. Isiza ukuvikela amaqanda ekucindezelekeni okubangelwa i-oxidation futhi ithuthukise amandla emaselula.

I-Myo-Inositol ne-D-Chiro Inositol zilungele kakhulu abesifazane abane-PCOS. Zisiza ukulawula amahomoni nokusekela ukuvuthwa kweqanda, okwenza kube lula ukuthi amaqanda avuthwe. Ama-fatty acids e-Omega-3, atholakala ku-fish oil, nawo adlala indima ekugcineni impilo yokuzala iyonke.

Amavithamini angaphambi kokukhulelwa aqukethe i-Folic Acid, i-Vitamin D, ne-Iron abalulekile uma uzama ukukhulelwa. Le zakhamzimba azisekeli nje kuphela impilo yamaqanda kodwa futhi nendlela umzimba wakho olungele ngayo ukukhulelwa [10].

Nini okufanele ufune usizo

Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engu-35 futhi usuzame ukukhulelwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka—noma ungaphezu kweminyaka engu-35 bese uzama izinyanga eziyisithupha—kungenzeka sekuyisikhathi sokubonana nochwepheshe bokungazali. Bangakusiza ukuhlola inani lamaqanda akho nempilo yakho yonke yokuzala.

Izivivinyo ezifana ne-Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) ne-Antral Follicle Counts zingakunikeza umbono ngesitokwe sakho samaqanda esesanyeni. Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, udokotela wakho angancoma izinyathelo ezilandelayo, kungaba izinguquko zokuphila, izithasiselo, noma izinhlelo zokwelapha ukungazali [11].

Okubalulekile ekugcineni engqondweni

Impilo nomjikelezo wokuqhubeka kwamaqanda kwabesifazane kubalulekile ekuzaleni nasekuvuthweni kwamaqanda. Nakuba iminyaka nefa lamagciwane kudlala indima enkulu, kukhona okuningi ongakwenza ukusekela amaqanda akho nokwandisa amathuba akho okukhulelwa. Kusukela ezinguqukweni zokuphila nokudla kuya ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokwelapha ukungazali, kukhona izinketho zawo wonke owesifazane. Ukuthatha izinyathelo kusenesikhathi nokuhlale unolwazi kungaletha umehluko omkhulu ohambweni lwakho lokuya ekubeni umzali [12].

Imibuzo ejwayelekile

Kukhululwa amaqanda angaki ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda?

Imvamisa, kuba iqanda elilodwa ngomjikelezo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungakhululwa amabili, okungaholela kumaphinda kabili.

Yini ethinta impilo yamaqanda esesanyeni?

Iminyaka, izindlela zokuphila ezifana nokubhema, nezimo ezifana ne-PCOS zingathinta impilo yamaqanda.

Ingabe izithasiselo zingasiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamaqanda?

Yebo, izithasiselo ezifana ne-CoQ10, i-Folic Acid, ne-Omega-3s zingasekela ikhwalithi yamaqanda nokuzala okuphelele.

Ingabe ukuqandisa amaqanda kufanelekile ukuthi kucatshangelwe?

Ukuqandisa amaqanda kuyinketho enhle kwabesifazane abafuna ukugcina amandla abo okuzala esikhathini esizayo.

Ngingakhuluma nini nodokotela ngokuzala?

Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engu-35 futhi ungakazali ngemva konyaka uzama—noma ungaphezu kweminyaka engu-35 ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha—sekuyisikhathi sokubonana nochwepheshe.

Izikhombo

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2. Lee, E. B., Chakravarthi, V. P., Wolfe, M. W., & Rumi, M. A. K. (2021). Ukulawulwa kwe-ERβ kwezimpendulo ze-gonadotropin ngesikhathi se-folliculogenesis. Ijenali yamazwe omhlaba yezesayensi zamangqamuzana. Kutholakala ku: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8508937/
3. Broer, S. L., van Disseldorp, J., Broeze, K. A., Dolleman, M., Opmeer, B. C., Bossuyt, P., Eijkemans, M. J., Mol, B. W., Broekmans, F. J., & iqembu locwaningo le-IMPORT (2013). Inani elingeziwe lokuhlolwa kwesipele samaqanda esibelethweni ezimeni zesiguli ekubikezeleni impendulo yesibeletho nokukhulelwa okuqhubekayo: indlela esebenzisa idatha yesiguli ngakunye. Izibuyekezo zokuzala kwabantu. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23188168/
4. Bentov, Y., & Casper, R. F. (2013). Ukuhamba kweminyaka kweqanda lomama—ngabe umsebenzi wama-mitochondria ungathuthukiswa?. Ukuzala nokungazali. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23273985/
5. Goodarzi, M. O., Dumesic, D. A., Chazenbalk, G., & Azziz, R. (2011). Isifo se-polycystic ovary: imvelaphi, indlela esenzeka ngayo nokuxilongwa. Izibuyekezo ze-Nature. I-endocrinology. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21263450/
6. Bedenk, J., Vrtačnik-Bokal, E., & Virant-Klun, I. (2020). Indima yehomoni ye-anti-Müllerian (AMH) ezigulini zesifo sesibeletho nokungabi nenzalo. Ijenali yobuchwepheshe obusizwa ekuzaleni nasezofuzo. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31755000/
7. IKhomiti Yokusebenza ye-American Society for Reproductive Medicine neKhomiti Yokusebenza ye-Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. Ukuthuthukisa ukuzala ngokwemvelo: umbono wekomiti. Ukuzala nokungazali. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34815068/
8. Azziz, R., Marin, C., Hoq, L., Badamgarav, E., & Song, P. (2005). Umthwalo wezezimali ohambisana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo wesifo se-polycystic ovary phakathi nesikhathi sokuzala. Ijenali ye-endocrinology nokugaya umzimba kweziguli. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15944216/
9. Kupka, M. S., Ferraretti, A. P., de Mouzon, J., Erb, K., D'Hooghe, T., Castilla, J. A., Calhaz-Jorge, C., De Geyter, C., Goossens, V., & European IVF-Monitoring Consortium, ye-European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (2014). Ubuchwepheshe obusizwa bokuzala e-Europe, 2010: imiphumela ekhiqizwe kumarejista ase-Europe yi-ESHRE†. Ukuzala kwabantu (Oxford, England). Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25069504/
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