Ikhondomu nendlela yokukhipha ukuze kugwenywe ukukhulelwa

Ubuhlobo bothando buyingxenye yemvelo ebalulekile ebudlelwaneni, kodwa amabhangqwana amaningi afuna ukubujabulela ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokukhulelwa okungahlelwanga. Kujwayelekile ukuthi amabhangqwana abambezele ukukhulelwa kuze kube yilapho eselungele ngokomzwelo noma ngokwezimali.

Kunezindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa ezahlukene zokufeza lokhu [1]. Ikhondomu nendlela yokukhipha ilungu ngaphambi kokuchama yizinketho ezimbili ezivamile zokuvikela ukukhulelwa ezilula ukuzisebenzisa.

Kule ndatshana, sizochaza ukuthi amakondomu nendlela yokukhipha ilungu ngaphambi kokuchama (pull-out) zisebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinga amathuba okuthi lezi zindlela zehluleke ekugwemeni ukukhulelwa. Le ndatshana iphinde ifake nezinye izindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa ukuze sikusize wenze isinqumo esinolwazi.

Kungani Abantu Bekhetha Ukugwema Ukukhulelwa?

Ukugwema ukukhulelwa kuyisinqumo somuntu siqu esithonywa izici eziningi. Amanye amabhangqwana afuna ukugxila emisebenzini yawo noma kwezezimali ngaphambi kokuba nezingane. Abanye sebenezingane futhi bezwa sengathi umndeni wabo usuphelele.

Lawa mabhangqwana afuna ukwenza ucansi ukuze bazizwe besondelene kodwa bengafuni ukukhulelwa ngenxa yalokho. Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela ezisebenza kahle kuvumela amabhangqwana ukuba ajabulele impilo yobulili enempilo ngaphandle kwengcindezi yokukhulelwa okungahlelwanga.

Amakondomu: Indlela Ethembekile Yesithiyo

Amakondomu yizithiyo ezincane, ezigobekayo ezenziwa ngezinto ezifana nerabha (latex) noma i-polyurethane. Zigqokwa elungeni lobudoda lomuntu wesilisa noma zifakwe esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ngesikhathi socansi. Zisebenza njengezithiyo ukuvimbela isidoda ekungeneni esithweni sangasese sowesifazane [2]. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili:

• Amakondomu abesilisa: Amakondomu abesilisa ayizingubo ezincane, ezelulekayo ezigqokwa phezu kwelungu lobudoda ngesikhathi socansi ukuvimbela isidoda ekungeneni esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Amakondomu abesilisa adume kakhulu futhi asebenza kangcono uma kuqhathaniswa namakondomu abesifazane ekugwemeni ukukhulelwa nasekuvikeleni ezimeni zezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STI) [3].
• Amakondomu abesifazane: Amakondomu abesifazane ayizikhwama ezithambile, ezigobekayo ezifakwa esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ngaphambi kocansi ukuze kuvinjwe ukukhulelwa nokuvikelwe ezimeni ze‑STI. Lezi zikhwama zamukela isidoda ngesikhathi socansi, ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele isidoda ekungeneni esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.

Ukusebenza Kahle Kwekondomu Ekugwemeni Ukukhulelwa

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa amakondomu ngesikhathi socansi kungavimbela ukukhulelwa ku-98% wamacala [4]. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngamadoda nabesifazane abangu-2 kuphela kwabangu-100 abasebenzisa amakondomu abakhulelwayo, kanti u-98% wamabhangqwana bayakwazi ukugwema ukukhulelwa ngempumelelo.

Ngaphezu kokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, amakondomu futhi avikela ezimeni zezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STI), okwenza abe inketho enezinjongo ezimbili. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abavame ukwenza ucansi nabalingani abaningi ngoba lokho kukhuphula ingozi yokutheleleka yi‑STI.

Amathiphu Okusebenzisa Ikondomu Ngokufanele

Nawa amanye amathiphu angakusiza ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamakondomu ekugwemeni ukukhulelwa:

• Hlala uhlole usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi esiluphawuliwe ephaketheni.
• Ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa, qinisekisa ukuthi iphakheji alilimazekile.
• Sebenzisa ikhondomu elisha kuzo zonke izikhathi enenza ucansi.
• Faka ikhondomu ngaphambi kokuba kube nokuthintana kwezitho zangasese.
• Sebenzisa ama-lubricant anesisekelo samanzi noma e-silicone ukuze ugweme ukuqhuma.

Izinzuzo Nezingezinhle Zokusebenzisa Amakhondomu

Amakhondomu abiza kancane futhi atholakala kalula uma eqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela eziningi zokuvimbela inzalo. Asebenza kahle ekuvikeleni ukukhulelwa kuze kufike ku-98%, okuphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izindlela ezibizayo zokuvikela inzalo. Amakhondomu angabuye avikele nasezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs), kanti ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezifana namaphilisi azikwazi lokho. Futhi, amakhondomu alula kakhulu ukuwasebenzisa futhi awadingi incwadi kadokotela.

Amakhondomu awaphelele, njengazo zonke ezinye izindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa. Abanye abantu bazizwa sokuthi ukusebenzisa amakhondomu kwehlisa umuzwa futhi kuthinta ulwazi locansi. Angaqhuma uma ungazi ukuwasebenzisa kahle, okungaholela ekukhulelweni okungahlelwanga.

Indlela Yokukhipha Umthondo: Ukukhipha Ngaphambi Kokuchama

Indlela yokukhipha umthondo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-withdrawal, ihilela ukuthi indoda ikhiphe umthondo ngaphambi kokuchama. Kodwa ingabe ungakhulelwa uma indoda ikhipha umthondo, noma ungakhulelwa uma lo wesilisa ekhiphe umthondo ngaphambi kokuchama?

Ukusebenza Kahle Kwendlela Yokukhipha Umthondo

Uma isetshenziswa kahle ngokuphelele, indlela yokukhipha umthondo icishe ibe ngama-96% isebenza kahle. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwalendlela akuhlali kungenzeka, kanti ukusebenza kwayo okuvamile kumayelana no-80% [5]. Izici ezahlukene ezifana nesikhathi, ukuzibamba, nesipiliyoni zidlala indima enkulu empumelelweni yayo.

Izinzuzo Nezingezinhle Zendlela Yokukhipha Umthondo

Ingafani nezinye izindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa, indlela yokukhipha umthondo ayikhokhelwa futhi ihlala itholakala. Awudingi ukuthenga lutho olufana namadivayisi noma imithi ukuze le ndlela isebenze. Futhi ayibangeli miphumela engemihle emahormonini, ngokungafani namanye amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo.

Inselelo yalendlela ukuthi idinga ukuzibamba nokutholana isikhathi ngokunembile. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi uketshezi lwe-pre-ejaculate lungaqukatha isidoda, ngakho noma ukhipha umthondo ngaphambi kokuchama, kusekhona ingozi yokukhulelwa [6].

Lokhu kuphendula umbuzo ovame ukubuzwa ngendlela yokukhipha umthondo, othi: ingabe ungakhulelwa noma ebekhipha umthondo? Njengoba le ndlela ihilela ukuthintana okuqondile kwezitho zangasese, ayivikeli ezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs).

Ukuhlanganisa Ikhondomu Nendlela Yokukhipha Umthondo

Abantu abaningi ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi bavame ukuzibuza ukuthi kwenzekani uma behlanganisa indlela yokukhipha umthondo nekhondomu? Yebo, ukusebenzisa ikhondomu bese kukhona nokukhipha umthondo kuyinto enhle, futhi amakhondomu kanye nendlela yokukhipha umthondo ndawonye kwehlisa kakhulu ingozi yokukhulelwa.

Amakhondomu asebenza njengesithiyo somzimba futhi avikela nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs), kanti ukukhipha umthondo ngaphambi kokuchama kungeza omunye ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuvikeleka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kuyindlela enhle kakhulu kwezithandani ezifuna ukuzola okuphelele.

Izinkolelo-mbumbulu ezivamile ngamakondomu nendlela yokukhipha ngaphandle

Nazi ezinye izinkolelo-mbumbulu ezivamile ongase ube uzizwile eziphathelene namakondomu nendlela yokukhipha ngaphandle ukuze uvimbele ukukhulelwa:

Inkolelo-mbumbulu 1: Amakondomu ahlale ephuka

Amakondomu avame ukungaphuki uma uwasebenzisa ulandela imihlahlandlela. Imihlahlandlela ifaka phakathi ukugwema ukusebenzisa ikondomu eyodwa izikhathi eziningi socansi nokugwema ukusebenzisa amakondomu aphelelwe yisikhathi noma asevele evuliwe. Ukuphatha kahle nokusebenzisa okokugcoba nakho kungavimbela amakondomu ekuphukeni.

Inkolelo-mbumbulu 2: Indlela yokukhipha ngaphandle ayisebenzi

Kuliqiniso ukuthi indlela yokukhipha ngaphandle ayithembekile njengamanye amasu, kodwa ingasebenza uma wazi kahle ukuthi uyenza kanjani. Uma usuqonda kahle ukusebenzisa le indlela, ungazuza kule ndlela yokuvikela ukukhulelwa engabizi lutho futhi etholakala njalo.

Inkolelo-mbumbulu 3: Amakondomu anciphisa ubusondelwano

Abanye abantu bakhala ngokuthi ukusebenzisa amakondomu kwehlisa imizwa futhi kuthinta kabi ulwazi locansi. Nokho, ukuthenga ikondomu elilingana kahle nokusebenzisa okokugcoba (lubricant) kusiza ukugcina ulwazi oluzwakala lwendalo.

Inkolelo-mbumbulu 4: Ukugqoka amakondomu amabili kusebenza kangcono

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa amakondomu amabili ngesikhathi socansi kuzokhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwamakondomu ekugwemeni ukukhulelwa. Nokho, akunjalo ngoba amakondomu amabili angadala ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili futhi akhulise ingozi yokuphuka kwekondomu ngesikhathi socansi.

Ezinye izindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa ongazicabangela

Uma uzwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa amakondomu kuzothinta indlela ozizwa ngayo ngesikhathi socansi noma ungazethemba ngendlela yokukhipha ngaphandle, kukhona ezinye izindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa ongakhetha kuzo. Lezi yilezi:

1. Izinketho ezisekelwe kuma-hormone

Izindlela ze-hormone njengamaphilisi okuvimbela ukukhulelwa, amaphetshi, imijovo nama-implant zisebenza ngokuguqula amazinga ama-hormone ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kweqanda [7]. Lapho kungekho ukukhishwa kweqanda, akukho qanda elitholakalayo ukuze lichwane.

Uma ukhetha amaphilisi okuvimbela ukukhulelwa njengendlela yokuvikela, kudingeka uwaphuze nsuku zonke ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze asebenze kakhulu. Amaphetshi esikhumba, imijovo nama-implant anikeza isixazululo sesikhathi eside, kodwa udinga usizo lukahlinzeki wezempilo. Khumbula ukuthi imithi yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ingabangela imiphumela engemihle efana nokushintsha kwemizwa, ikhanda, noma ukukhuluphala.

2. Izindlela zokuvikela ezikhulelweni zesikhathi eside ezibuyiseka kalula (LARC)

Ama-LARC afaka amadivayisi angaphakathi esibelethweni (IUD) kanye nama-implant e-hormone, anikeza ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi eside ekukhulelweni [8]. Ama-IUD amadivayisi amancane abafakwa esibelethweni, futhi angahlala iminyaka emi-3 kuya kweyi-10 kuya ngohlobo.

Ama-implant e-hormone yizinti ezincane ezifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sengalo futhi zisebenza cishe iminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane ngemva kokufakwa. Nokho, umhlinzeki wezempilo kufanele abe nguye ozifaka futhi azikhiphe ukuze zisebenze kahle futhi ziphephe.

3. Izixazululo Zaphakade

Ukuvikelwa kokukhulelwa unomphela kuhlanganisa izindlela zokufakelwa inzalo ezifana ne-vasectomy kwabesilisa ne-tubal ligation kwabesifazane. I-vasectomy ihilela ukusika noma ukuvimba imithambo ethwala isidoda [9]. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-tubal ligation ivimba izimfoloko (ama-fallopian tubes) lapho imvamisa kwenzeka khona ukufakelwa kweqanda [10].

Lezi zinqubo zisebenza kakhulu futhi zenzelwe abantu abaqinisekile ukuthi abafuni ukuba nezingane esikhathini esizayo. Abantu bakhetha lezi zindlela njengesixazululo esingunaphakade, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukuhlehlisa inqubo.

4. Izindlela Zokuqaphela Ukuzala (FAMs)

Owesifazane akahlali ekhulile kuyo yonke imijikelezo yakhe yokuya esikhathini. Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wezinsuku ezingu-28, unezinsuku ezithile ezikhulayo ezibizwa ngezinsuku zokuvuthwa kweqanda nezinye izinsuku ezingakhulile [11].

Izindlela zokuqaphela ukuzala (FAMs) zihlanganisa ukulandelela izimpawu zemvelo zomzimba, njengokushisa komzimba okuyisisekelo, umswakama wesibeletho, nemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini, ukuze kunqunywe izinsuku ezikhulayo nezingakhulile. Umuntu anganciphisa ingozi yokukhulelwa ngokugwema ukwenza ucansi ngezinsuku ezikhulayo.

Le ndlela idinga ukuqonda umjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini nokusebenzisa ukulandelela ukuvuthwa kweqanda ngokunembile. Izindlela zokuqaphela ukuzala azibizi lutho kodwa azisebenzi kahle njengalezinye izindlela.

5. Ukuvikelwa Kokukhulelwa Okuphuthumayo

Ukuvikelwa kokukhulelwa okuphuthumayo kuyindlela eyisiqhwaga engasetshenziswa umbhangqwana emva kokulala ocansini okungenazivikelo noma uma ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwehlulekile, njengokudabuka kwekhondomu. Amaphilisi okuvikelwa kokukhulelwa okuphuthumayo, aziwa nangokuthi iphilisi lasemva kokulala, asebenza ngokubambezela ukuvuthwa kweqanda [12]. Ukubambezela ukuvuthwa kweqanda kusho ukuthi iqanda ngeke libekhona ngesikhathi amaseli esidoda esaphila esibelethweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukufakelwa nokukhulelwa.

Enye inketho i-IUD yethusi, engafakwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezinhlanu emva kokulala ocansini okungenazivikelo ukuze kuvikelwe ukukhulelwa. Lezi zindlela azihloselwe ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke futhi zisebenza kangcono uma uzisebenzisa ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuvikelwa kokukhulelwa okuphuthumayo nakho akuvikeli ezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STI).

Okubalulekile Ekugcineni

Uma ufuna izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, kukhona izinketho eziningi ongazicabangela, ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Amakhondomu nendlela yokuhoxisa yizindlela ezimbili ezidumile zokulala ocansini okuvikelekile ngesikhathi sokuvula kweqanda.

Amakhondomu asebenza njengesithiyo esivimbela isidoda futhi avimbele ukungena kwaso esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Angavikela futhi ezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STI), okuyinkinga enkulu ngesikhathi sokulala ocansini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela yokuhoxisa ilula futhi ibiza kancane, kodwa ayikwazi ukuvikela ezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STI).

Ungahlanganisa lezi zindlela ezimbili ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuvimbela ukukhulelwa. Uma ungaqiniseki ngalezi zindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, kukhona ezinye izinketho ezahlukene ezikhona ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene. Uma unentshisekelo kwezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, njengokuthi ucansi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukukhulelwa, ungahlola amasu nezindlela ezinemininingwane ukuze uqinisekise ubudlelwano obuphephile nobunesibopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usola ukuthi ungase ukhulelwe, cabanga ukusebenzisa Conceive Plus Ukuhlolwa Kokukhulelwa okuthembekile ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile nesesikhathi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ungakhulelwa uma umfana ekhipha ilungu ngaphambi kokuchama?

Ukukhipha ilungu ngaphambi kokuchama kunciphisa amathuba okukhulelwa. Nokho, kwezinye izimo ungakhulelwa ngisho noma umfana ekhipha ilungu, ngoba uketshezi oluphuma ngaphambi kokuchama kwesinye isikhathi luba namaseli e-sperm.

2. Ingabe kufanele ukhiphe ilungu noma ugqoke ikhondomu?

Amakhondomu nendlela yokukhipha ilungu ngaphambi kokuchama yizindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, kodwa ungazihlanganisa zombili ukuze zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle.

3. Ingabe ingcosana ye-sperm ingabangela ukukhulelwa?

Kudinga iseli elilodwa le-sperm kuphela ukuze kuvundiswe iqanda lowesifazane kube khona ukukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke kunethuba lokuthi ungakhulelwa ngisho nangengcosana ye-sperm.

Imithombo Esetshenzisiwe

1. National Academies Press (US). (1989). Izinzuzo Nezingozi Zezindlela Zokuvimbela Ukukhulelwa. Contraception and Reproduction - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235069/ 
2. Marfatia, Y. S., Pandya, I., & Mehta, K. (2015). Amakhondomu: Okudlule, okwamanje, nekusasa. Indian journal of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS, 36(2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7184.167135 
3. Professional, C. C. M. (2024a, May 1). Amakhondomu. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/9404-condoms 
4. World Health Organization: WHO. (2024, February 12). Amakhondomu. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/condoms 
5. Professional, C. C. M. (2024c, May 1). Indlela yokukhipha ilungu ngaphambi kokuchama (pull out method). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24174-pull-out-method 
6. Killick, S. R., Leary, C., Trussell, J., & Guthrie, K. A. (2011). Okuqukethwe yi-sperm ku-uketshezi oluphuma kuqala ngaphambi kokuchama. Human fertility (Cambridge, England), 14(1), 48–52. https://doi.org/10.3109/14647273.2010.520798 
7. Hatcher, R. A., & Kowal, D. (1990). Ukulawulwa kokuzala. Clinical Methods - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK283/ 
8. Professional, C. C. M. (2024c, May 1). LARC (indlela yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa esebenza isikhathi eside kodwa eguqukayo). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/23269-larc 
9. Vasectomy: Ukwelashwa Nolwazi - Urology Care Foundation. (n.d.). https://www.urologyhealth.org/urology-a-z/v/vasectomy 
10. Marino, S., Canela, C. D., Jenkins, S. M., & Nama, N. (2024). Ukufakelwa izibopho zamapayipi (tubal sterilization). Ku-StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29262077/ 
11. Mihm, M., Gangooly, S., & Muttukrishna, S. (2011). Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ojwayelekile kwabesifazane. Animal Reproduction Science, 124(3-4), 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.030 
12. Cleland, K., Raymond, E. G., Westley, E., & Trussell, J. (2014). Uhlaziyo lwezindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa eziphuthumayo. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 57(4), 741–750. https://doi.org/10.1097/grf.0000000000000056