Yimaphi amathuba okukhulelwa ngemva kokulala kanye kuphela okungenazo izivikeli zokukhulelwa nokungasebenzisi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuvikela inzalo

Amathuba okukhulelwa ngemva kokwenza ucansi olungenazivikelo kanye nje kuphela angakumangaza. Ngisho nesikhathi esisodwa socansi olungenazivikelo singaholela ekukhulelweni. Kungani? Ngoba kudingeka nje isidoda esisodwa esinempilo neqanda elilodwa ukuhlangana ngesikhathi esifanele. Lokho kuphela okudingwa imvelo ukuqalisa le nqubo. Uma lesi sikhathi sihambisana newindi lokuzala kowesifazane, amathuba ayakhula kakhulu [1]. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzama ngenkuthalo ukukhulelwa noma cha, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inqubo isebenza kanjani. Lolu lwazi lukusiza ukuthi ulawule kangcono impilo yakho yokuzala futhi wenze izinqumo ezifanele imigomo yakho.

Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngakho konke okudingeka ukwazi ngokuzala, ukuthi amathuba okukwazi ukukhulelwa ngemva kocansi olungenazivikelo makhulu kangakanani, nezindlela ezisebenzayo zokwandisa amandla akho okuzala ngendlela yemvelo.

Indlela ukuzala okusebenzela ngayo

Ikhono lokuzala lilawulwa ubunjalo bomzimba. Kubantu besifazane, lizungeza izinqubo zokuvuthwa kweqanda (ovulation) nokukhulelwa. Wonke umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini unewindi lokuzala elihlala cishe izinsuku eziyisithupha. Lezi yizinsuku ezinhlanu eziholela ekutheni iqanda livuthwe kanye nosuku uqobo lokuvuthwa kweqanda. Lesi sikhathi sibalulekile ngoba isidoda singasinda ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu wesifazane kufike ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, kuyilapho iqanda lihlala likwazi ukuchuma amahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-24 ngemva kokukhishwa.

Ngenxa yalokhu, amathuba okukhulelwa ngaphandle kokuzivikela aphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi saleli windi lokuzala. Uma ucansi olungenazivikelo lwenza kulezi zinsuku, kuba namathuba amakhulu okuthi isidoda sihlangane neqanda, kuholele ekuxubeni kwesidoda neqanda [2].

Kulabo ababuza, "yimiphi imchance yokukhulelwa ngaphandle kokuzivikela," impendulo incike kakhulu ngesikhathi, kanye nezinto ezifana nempilo yonke kanye namandla okuzala. Isibonelo, uma ucansi olungenazivikelo lwenza izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kweqanda, amathuba okukhulelwa angaba phezulu afike ku-25%. Uma kwenzeka isonto ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuvuthwa kweqanda, amathuba ehla kakhulu, avame ukuba ngaphansi kuka-5% [3].

Ukuqonda umjikelezo wakho kungaletha umehluko omkhulu. Amathuluzi afana nabalandeleli bokuvuthwa kweqanda (ovulation trackers) namashadi okushisa komzimba okuyisisekelo (basal body temperature charts) angasiza ukuthola izinsuku zakho onamandla kakhulu okukhulelwa nokubona izimpawu zokuthi umzimba wakho ufuna ukhulelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukukhulelwa noma ukufuna ukukugwema.

Yimaphi amathuba okukhulelwa ngokwenza ucansi kanye nje kuphela

Amathuba okukhulelwa ngokwenza ucansi kanye nje kuphela ancike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa ngesikhathi socansi, impilo nokuzala kahle kwazo zombili izinhlangothi, kanye nekhwalithi yesidoda neqanda. Uma ucansi olungenazivikelo lwenza noma yinini phakathi nomjikelezo, amathuba okukhulelwa ngokuvamile abe cishe u-5-10%. Kodwa ngesikhathi sewindi lokuzala, la mathuba angakhuphuka afinyelele ku-20-25% [4].

La maphesenti ayizilinganiso, futhi awaqinisekisi imiphumela. Izimo zomuntu ngamunye zibalulekile kakhulu. Ukungalingani kwamahomoni, imijikelezo engajwayelekile, noma izinkinga zempilo ezingaphansi zingakwenza kube nzima ukukhulelwa, ngisho noma isikhathi silungile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ababhangqwana abanokuzala okuhle kakhulu bangathola kulula ukukhulelwa.

Isibonelo, abesifazane abanemijikelezo ejwayelekile nezimpawu ezicacile zokukhishwa kweqanda—ezinjengoshintsho olusemucus wesibeletho—banamathuba aphezulu okukhulelwa. Ngokufanayo, amadoda anenani lesidoda elinempilo nendlela elihamba ngayo kahle anyusa amathuba okuthi iqanda lihlume. Noma kunjalo, ukucindezeleka, izindlela zokuphila, ngisho nezinto ezingcolisa imvelo zingathonya ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwenzeke yini ngemuva kwesikhathi esisodwa sokulala ngaphandle kokuzivikela [5].

Ingabe Kukuqinisekisiwe Ukukhulelwa

Kuyinkolelo-enqamukayo evamile yokuthi ukukhulelwa kuzenzekela ngemuva kokulala ngaphandle kokuvikelwa, ikakhulukazi ukulala kabili ngosuku ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza bethi, "kuqinisekisiwe yini ukukhulelwa", kodwa iqiniso ukuthi cha, akunjalo [6]. Ngisho noma izimo zibonakala ziphelele, ukukhulelwa akusoze kwaba isiqiniseko sika-100%.

Kukhona izinto eziningi ezibamba iqhaza. Ikhwalithi yesidoda neqanda ingenye yezibaluleke kakhulu. Uma inani lesidoda noma indlela esihamba ngayo iphansi, amathuba okuthi kuhlumile aqhubeke ayancipha. Ngokufanayo, ikhwalithi yeqanda ingathonywa iminyaka yowesifazane, impilo yamahomoni, noma izimo ezifana ne-PCOS noma i-endometriosis, ezingakwenza kube nzima ukukhulelwa.

Akusona sonke isidoda esinhlumiswe iqanda esinza ukuncamathela ngempumelelo. Ukufakwa kokuqala esibelethweni (implantation) inqubo ebucayi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iqanda elinhlumiswe alincikile odongeni lwesibeletho [7]. Lokhu kuvamile kakhulu kunalokho abantu abakucabangayo futhi kuvame ukungabonwa ngoba kwenzeka ekuqaleni kakhulu. Nakuba ukulala ngaphandle kokuzivikela kwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa, akusho ukuthi kuqinisekisiwe.

Singakhulelwa Ngokulala Kanye Nje

Yebo, ngempela. Ungakhulelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa sokulala ngaphandle kokuzivikela. Umbuzo othi, "singakhulelwa ngokulala kanye nje", uvame ukuvela, futhi impendulo ixhomeke kakhulu esikhathini. I-sperm ingaphila emgodini wokuzala izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke uma ukulala kwenzeka ngaphambi kokukhishwa kweqanda (ovulation), i-sperm ingase isakwazi ukunhlumisa iqanda uma selikhishiwe.

Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu kunanoma yini enye. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondomu kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kwe-ovulation, isidoda singahlala emafollopiyani, silinde iqanda. Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okuchuma kwesidoda [8].

Emibhangqwaneni ezama ukukhulelwa, amathuluzi afana namakithi abikezela i-ovulation, ukulandelela uketshezi lwe-cervix, noma ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliyisisekelo kungasiza ukulungisa isikhathi esingcono sokwabelana ngesondo. Uma ungafuni ukukhulelwa, lokhu kugcizelela ukuthi kungani ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngokungaphazami kubaluleke kangaka.

Yini Amathuba Okukhulelwa Ngaphandle Kwezindlela Zokuvimbela Ukukhulelwa

Amathuba okukhulelwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa aphezulu ngokwemvelo emibhangqwaneni ebhekanayo ngokocansi. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi cishe u-85 kwabayizi-100 yemibhangqwana engasebenzisi neze ikhondomu noma enye indlela yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa izokhulelwa phakathi nonyaka wesondo elijwayelekile elingenakhondomu [9].

Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umzimba womuntu ungasebenza kahle kangakanani lapho kungekho zinyathelo zokuvimbela ezibekiwe. Amathuba aphakeme kakhulu emishadweni emincane eminyakeni yabo yama-20 noma yokuqala yama-30 engenazo izinkinga zomkhiqizo wokuzala ezifihlekile. Emibhangqwaneni engaqondile ukukhulelwa, ukusebenzisa njalo izindlela ezithembekile zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kubalulekile ukuze kugwemeke ukukhulelwa okungahleliwe.

Izinto Ezithinta Umkhiqizo Wokuzala

Umkhiqizo wokuzala uthonywa inhlanganisela yezinto zomzimba, indlela yokuphila, nezinto zemvelo. Iminyaka iyisici esibalulekile. Kwabesifazane, umkhiqizo wokuzala uphezulu eminyakeni yabo yokuqala yama-20 bese uqala ukwehla cishe eminyakeni engu-30, ube sehla kakhulu emva kweminyaka engu-35. Amadoda nawo ahlangabezana nokwehla komkhiqizo wokuzala njengoba eba mdala, nakuba ukwehla kuvame ukuba kancane [10].

Impilo yama-hormone ingesinye isici esibalulekile. Izimo ezifana nokungalingani kwe-thyroid, i-PCOS, noma i-endometriosis zingaphazamisa i-ovulation zenze kube nzima ukukhulelwa. Emadodeni, inani eliphansi lesidoda noma ukungakwazi ukuhamba kahle kunganciphisa amathuba okuchuma kwesidoda.

Izindlela zokuphila zidlala indima enkulu, futhi. Ukubhema, ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile, nokudla okungelona usawoti omuhle kungathinta kabi umkhiqizo wokuzala kubo bobabili amadoda nabesifazane. Ukuvezwa kumakhemikhali asemvelweni, njengezibulala-zinambuzane noma insimbi esindayo, kungaphinde kube negalelo ekwehleni kwempilo yokuzala. Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa ukuzivocavoca njalo nokuphatha i-stress, kubalulekile ekwenzeni umkhiqizo wokuzala usebenze kahle [11].

UkuThuthukisa Umkhiqizo Wokuzala Ngokwemvelo

Uma uzama ukukhulelwa, ziningi izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uthuthukise umkhiqizo wakho wokuzala ngendlela yemvelo. Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco okulinganiselayo okunothe ngamavithamini namaminerali kubalulekile. Izakhi ezifana ne-folic acid, i-zinc, i-CoQ10, ne-magnesium ziwusizo ikakhulukazi empilweni yokuzala. I-folic acid isekela ukwahlukana kwamaseli futhi isize ukuvimbela izinkinga ze-neural tube, kanti i-CoQ10 ivikela amaqanda nesidoda ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative.

Ukuzivocavoca okulingene nakho kungase kusekele umkhiqizo wokuzala ngokulawula ama-hormone nokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi ukuya ezithweni zokuzala. Nokho, ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kungaphazamisa ibhalansi yama-hormone, ngakho kubalulekile ukuthola ibhalansi efanele [12].

Ukuphatha ingcindezi kubalulekile, futhi. Ingcindezi engapheli ingaphazamisa amahomoni alawula ukukhishwa kwamaqanda nokukhiqizwa kwesidoda. Izindlela zokuphumula ezifana ne-yoga, ukuzindla, noma ngisho nokuhamba nsuku zonke zingaba nomthelela omkhulu.

Ezinye izithasiselo zokuzala ziqukethe izithako ezifana ne-myo-inositol, esiza ukulawula ukukhishwa kwamaqanda, kanye ne-L-arginine, ethuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi ukuya ezithweni zokuzala. Lezi zithako, ezitholakala eminye imikhiqizo ekhethekile yokufuyakala, zingasekela imibhangqwana ezama ukukhulelwa [13].

Indima Yemikhiqizo Yokufuyakala

Imikhiqizo yokufuyakala ingaba nendima ebalulekile ekwandiseni amathuba akho okukhulelwa. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo equkethe ama-ion e-calcium kanye ne-magnesium yakha indawo esekela ukusinda nokuhamba kwesidoda. Lokhu kusiza isidoda sikwazi ukunyakaza emgudwini wokuzala sifinyelele eqandeni [14].

Izithasiselo ezinevitamin ezibalulekile ezifana ne-vitamin D kanye nama-antioxidant afana ne-selenium nazo ziyasiza. I-vitamin D isiza ukugcina ibhalansi yamahomoni futhi isekele ukusebenza kwama-ovari, kanti i-selenium ivikela amaseli okuzala ekucindezelekeni okubangelwa ukuguga kwamangqamuzana.

Lapho isetshenziswa kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo, le mikhiqizo ingathuthukisa amathuba okubamba ukukhulelwa kwemvelo emibhangqwaneni eminingi.

Okubalulekile Ekugcineni

Ukuqonda amathuba okukhulelwa ngemuva kwesikhathi esisodwa sobulili obungavikelekile kubalulekile kunoma ubani ohamba lolu hambo lokuzala. Nakuba amathuba okuchuma encike ezintweni ezifana nesikhathi, impilo, nendlela yokuphila, ifasitela lokufuyakala lidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni umphumela.

Imibhangqwana ezama ukukhulelwa ingazuza ngokwamukela imikhuba enempilo, ukulandelela ukukhishwa kwamaqanda, nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo esekela ukufuyakala. Labo abafuna ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa kumele babeke phambili ukusebenzisa njalo nokuthembeka kwemishanguzo yokuvimbela inzalo.

Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuqonda impilo yakho yokuzala kukubeka ekulawuleni izinqumo zakho, noma uhlela umndeni noma uhlose ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa okungahlelekile.

Imibuzo ejwayele ukubuzwa

Ingabe ungakhulelwa ngaphandle kwefasitela lokufuyakala?

Yebo, kodwa amathuba mancane kakhulu. Isidoda singahlala emgudwini wokuzala kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezinhlanu, okungaholela ekuchumisweni uma ukukhishwa kwamaqanda kwenzeka kamuva.

Kudlula isikhathi esingakanani ngemuva kobulili obungavikelekile ongathatha ngaso ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa?

Izivivinyo zokukhulelwa zisebenza kangcono uma zithathwa ezinsukwini ezingu-10–14 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwamaqanda noma ngasikhathi sokuphuthelwa kokuya esikhathini.

Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezingathuthukisa ukufuyakala?

Ukudla kahle, ukuhlala usebenza, ukuphatha ingcindezi kahle, nokugwema ukubhema noma utshwala obuningi kungakhuphula ukufuyakala.

Ingabe izithasiselo zokuzala ziyasebenza?

Izithasiselo eziqukethe izithako ezifana ne-CoQ10, i-folic acid, ne-myo-inositol zingasekela impilo yokuzala futhi zikhulise amathuba okukhulelwa.

Ingabe kungenzeka ukukhulelwa ngokuhlangana okukodwa okungenazo izivikeli?

Yebo, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ngesikhathi se-fertile window.

Izikhombo

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2. Stanford, J. B., White, G. L., & Hatasaka, H. (2002). Ukubekezela ucansi ukuze kuzaleke: ubufakazi bamanje. Obstetrics and gynecology. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12468181/
3. Thonneau, P., Marchand, S., Tallec, A., Ferial, M. L., Ducot, B., Lansac, J., Lopes, P., Tabaste, J. M., & Spira, A. (1991). Ukuvama nezimbangela eziyinhloko zokungazali kubantu abahlala endaweni (1,850,000) yezifunda ezintathu zaseFrance. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1757519/
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6. Homan, G. F., Davies, M., & Norman, R. (2007). Umthelela wezinto zokuphila ekusebenzeni kwezitho zokuzala kubantu jikelele nakulabo abahlinzekwa ukwelashwa kokungazali: ukubuyekeza. Human reproduction update. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17208948/
7. Cakmak, H., & Taylor, H. S. (2011). Ukwehluleka kokufakwa kombungu: izindlela ze-molecular nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Human reproduction update. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20729534/
8. Wilcox, A. J., Dunson, D., & Baird, D. D. (2000). Isikhathi se-"fertile window" kumjikelezo wokuya esikhathini: ukulinganiselwa kwezinsuku ezithile ocwaningweni oluqhubekayo. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11082086/
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