Ingabe Ungaya Esikhathini Uma Ukhulelwe? Yini Amaqiniso Akushoyo

Ukukhulelwa kuletha izinguquko eziningi emzimbeni, eziningi zazo ezingadida, ikakhulukazi uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ongazilindelanga. Umbuzo ojwayelekile kwabaningi uthi, “Ingabe ungayithola iminyaka yakho uma ukhulelwe?” Ngokufanayo, uma uzibuza ukuthi 'iphutha lami selibambe kanjani', ukuhamba kade noma ukungafiki kokuya esikhathini kuvame ukuba enye yezimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Ngokuvamile, ukuya esikhathini kuyama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngoba ukuya esikhathini nokukhulelwa ngokuvamile kuyizenzo zomzimba ezingavumelani. Nokho, ukopha ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kungenzeka ngenxa yezinye izizathu, okungaholela ekudidekeni.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobhekana nombuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba nokopha okufana nokuya esikhathini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, sichaze izimbangela zokopha ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, futhi sicacise ukuthi lokhu kuhluke kanjani ekuhambeni kokuya esikhathini ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa.

Kungani Ukuya Esikhathini Kumiswa Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

Ukuya esikhathini kuyinqubo yanyanga zonke lapho umzimba ukhipha ungqimba lwesibeletho uma ukungathelelwe kwenzeka. Phakathi nomjikelezo ojwayelekile wokuya esikhathini, uma iqanda elichumile lingafaki ku-uterus, amazinga amahomoni ehla, futhi umzimba ukhipha ungqimba lwesibeletho, okuholela ekuphopheni kokuya esikhathini. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukukhulelwa kwenzeka, izimpawu zamahomoni ziguquka. Amazinga e-progesterone akhuphuka kakhulu, okusiza ukugcina ungqimba lwesibeletho futhi kuvimbele ukuthi lungakhishwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuya esikhathini okuvamile akunakwenzeka uma ukukhulelwa sekukhona ngoba yonke inqubo yokuzala yomzimba ishintshela ekusekeleni umbungu okhulayo [1].

Ingabe Ungaba Nokopha Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa?

Ngenkathi ukuya esikhathini kumiswa, abanye abesifazane bayakuzwa ukopha noma amabala (spotting) ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, kwesinye isikhathi bakudide nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Ngakho-ke, ingabe ungaya esikhathini uma ukhulelwe? Impendulo ithi cha, kodwa ukopha kokuqala kokukhulelwa kungalingisa izimpawu zokuya esikhathini, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka cishe ngesikhathi lapho ukuya esikhathini kwakujwayelekile ukuqala khona.

Ukopha ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kuvamile futhi kubikwa cishe ku-20-30% yokukhulelwa, ngokuvamile esigabeni sokuqala (first trimester). Lokhu kopha, nokho, kuhluke ekuhambeni kokuya esikhathini futhi kungabangelwa izici ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukopha kokufakwa kweqanda, ukuguquguquka kwamahomoni, noma ngisho nezinguquko ku-cervix [2].

Izimbangela Zokopha Ekuqaleni Kokukhulelwa

1. Ukopha Lokufakelwa Kweqanda (Implantation Bleeding): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho iqanda elichumile lizifaka odongeni lwesibeletho, ngokuvamile cishe izinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-12 ngemva kokukhulelwa. Ukopha kokufakelwa kweqanda kuvame ukuba kukhanyise kunokuya esikhathini futhi kuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, ngokuvamile kubonakale njengezimvilophu (spotting) noma ukukhishwa okukhanyayo okupinki kuya kunkhanyane onsundu. Kuyinye yezimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa kwabanye abesifazane futhi kuvame ukwenzeka cishe ngesikhathi lapho ukuya esikhathini kwabo bekulindelekile.
2. Izinguquko Zamahomoni: Ukukhulelwa kuletha izinguquko ezinkulu zamahomoni ezithinta izitho zokuzala. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zinguquko zamahomoni zingabangela amabala okopha amancane noma ukopha okukhanyayo. Nakuba lokhu kungesona ukuya esikhathini, kungadida, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nesikhathi somjikelezo ojwayelekile wokuya esikhathini.
3. Izinguquko Ku-Cervix: Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukugeleza kwegazi okwandayo ku-cervix kungayenza izwe kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuthi kube nokopha okuncane ngemva kwemisebenzi efana nokuzivocavoca, ucansi, noma ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi (pelvic exam). Lolu hlobo lokopha luvame ukuba lukhanyise futhi lube yisikhathi esifushane, kuhluke ekuhambeni okuvamile kokuya esikhathini.
4. I-Subchorionic Hemorrhage: Ngezinye izikhathi, igazi lingaqongelela phakathi kodonga lwesibeletho ne-placenta, okudala i-subchorionic hemorrhage. Lokhu kungaholela ekopheni okukhanyayo kuya kokulingene futhi kungabangela ukukhathazeka kumama abakhulelwe. Nokho, iningi lezimo lixazululeka ngaphandle kokulimaza ukukhulelwa, kodwa umhlinzeki wezempilo kufanele ahlale ehlola ukopha okunjalo.
5. Ezinye Izimbangela Ezingaba Khona: Ukopha ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kungabuye kubangelwe ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile, njengokutheleleka noma ukuthela kwezicubu ezifana nama-polyps. Nakuba kungavamile, lokhu kungaholela ekopheni okuncane noma amabala.

Indlela Yokuhlukanisa Ukopha Kokuqala Kokukhulelwa Nokuya Esikhathini

Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokopha kokuqala kokukhulelwa nokuya esikhathini kungaba yinselele. Ngokuvamile, ukuya esikhathini kuhlonzwa ukugeleza okuvamile, okuhlala cishe izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa, bese kuncipha kancane kancane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukopha okuhlobene nokukhulelwa kokuqala kuvame ukuba kukhanyise, kube yisikhathi esifushane, futhi kuvame ukubonakala njengamabala (spotting) kunokuba kube ukugeleza okuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala nokwakheka kokopha kokuqala kokukhulelwa kuvame ukwehluka, kube nemithunzi ekhanyayo efana nepinki noma onsundu kunokubomvu okuqhakazile okuhlotshaniswa nokuya esikhathini [3].

Olunye uphawu olubalulekile izimpawu zokukhulelwa ezihambisanayo. Izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, isicanucanu, ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kwamabele, nokuchama njalo zivame ukuvela ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, ngisho noma kukhona ukopha okuncane. Uma lezi zimpawu zihamba nokopha, ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kungasiza ukucacisa imbangela.

Ukufuna Usizo Lwezokwelapha Uma Kukhona Ukopha Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

Noma yiluphi ukopha olungalindelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kufanele luxoxwe nodokotela noma umhlinzeki wezempilo ukuqinisekisa impilo kamama nengane. Nakuba izimbangela eziningi zokopha ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa zingaba zingalimazi, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube uphawu lwezinkinga, okuhlanganisa ukulahleka kwesisu (miscarriage) noma ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic, okwenzeka lapho iqanda elichumile lifakwa ngaphandle kwesibeletho. Izimpawu zokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic, ezinjengobuhlungu obukhulu besisu, isiyezi, noma ukopha okuningi, zidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, njengoba lesi simo singasongela impilo.

Uma uhlangabezana nokopha okuqhubekayo noma okuningi, noma uma ukopha kuhambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu noma ukugocagoca (cramping), kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Umhlinzeki wezempilo angase enze i-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi (pelvic exam), noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze anqume imbangela yokopha futhi anikeze isiqondiso esifanele.

Okubalulekile Ekugcineni

Nakuba kuwumqondo ojwayelekile ukuzibuza ukuthi, “Ingabe ungayithola iminyaka yakho uma ukhulelwe?” impendulo iqinile ithi cha, njengoba ukuya esikhathini okuyiqiniso nokukhulelwa kungaveli ngesikhathi esisodwa. Nokho, ukopha okukhanyayo noma amabala kuvame ukujwayeleka ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa futhi kungadideka nokuya esikhathini, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka cishe ngosuku olufanayo nomjikelezo wakho ojwayelekile.

Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokuya esikhathini nokopha ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kungasiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokucacisa okulindelekile kulabo abangase bahlangabezane nalesi simo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthatha ama-supplement abakhulelwe (prenatal supplements) aqukethe izakhi ezibalulekile ezifana ne-folic acid kungasekele ukukhulelwa okunempilo kulezi zigaba zokuqala. Noma ngabe imbangela iyini, noma yiluphi ukopha olungalindelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kufanele lubhekwe nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze kube nokuthula kwengqondo futhi, uma kudingeka, kwenziwe ukwelashwa okufanele.

Imithombo

1. MedicalNewsToday. Can you have a period while pregnant?. [Accessed- 02/Nov/2024]. Iyatholakala ku-inthanethi- https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322598 
2. E.W. Harville, A.J. Wilcox, D.D. Baird, C.R. Weinberg, Vaginal bleeding in very early pregnancy, Human Reproduction, Volume 18, Issue 9, September 2003, Amakhasi 1944–1947, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deg379 
3. Susanne Maigaard Axelsen, Tine Brink Henriksen, Morten Hedegaard, Niels Jørgen Secher. Characteristics of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. Volume 63, Issue 2. [1995]. Amakhasi 131-134. ISSN 0301-2115. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0301211595022368