Yisiphi isikhathi sobudala esingcono sokukhulelwa nokuthi ubudala buthinte kanjani ukuzala

Kukhona impikiswano enkulu mayelana neminyaka engcono kakhulu yokukhulelwa, futhi ngokwethembeka, akukhona ukuthi kukhona usayizi oyedwa ofanelana nabo bonke. Kwabanye, isikhathi sifika ngokwemvelo besebancane, kanti kwabanye kwenzeka sekuwumtholampilo wesikhathi eside. Zombili lezo zinketho ziletha izingqinamba nezinzuzo zazo. Kodwa iminyaka iyabaluleka uma kukhulunywa ngomkhiqizo wokuzala. Ukwazi ukuthi iminyaka ithinta kanjani ikhono lakho lokukhulelwa kungakusiza ukuthi wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu ngawe nomndeni wakho wesikhathi esizayo [1].

Amaqiniso Abalulekile

• Iminyaka ithinta umkhiqizo wokuzala, ngenani nekhwalithi yamaqanda kwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engu-30.
• Ukuphela kwawo-teen kuya ekupheleni kwawo-20 kuyisikhathi esiphezulu somkhiqizo wokuzala kwabesifazane.
• Ukuqala kwawo-30 kusamele kube iminyaka emihle yokuba nezingane ngenxa yokulingana phakathi komkhiqizo wokuzala nokuvuthwa kwempilo.
• Ngemva kweminyaka engu-35, izingozi zokukhulelwa ziyanda, kodwa abesifazane abaningi basakwazi ukuba nokukhulelwa okunempilo.
• Umkhiqizo wokuzala kwabesilisa wehla ngemva kweminyaka engu-40, ngokuncipha kwekhwalithi nesivinini sesidoda.
• Ukudla okufanele nendlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu okufana ne-folic acid ne-CoQ10, kuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wokuzala.
• Iz pairs ezihlela ukukhulelwa kodwa ezibhekana nobunzima kufanele zifune iseluleko sezokwelashwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-6–12, kuye ngeminyaka.

Kungani Iminyaka Ibalulekile Ekuzaleni?

Uma uzalwa, umzimba wakho usuphethe wonke amaqanda ozowaba nawo. Yebo, wonke. Ekuzalweni, iningi labesifazane liqala cishe ngamabhiliyoni ayi-1–2 wamaqanda. Kuzwakala njengamaningi, akunjalo? Kodwa lelo nani lehla ngokushesha. Lapho uqala ukuya esikhathini, ususele cishe nawo-300,000. Lapho usufinyelela eminyakeni engu-37, ususele cishe namaqanda angu-25,000. Kanti ngesikhathi se-menopause? Kusala ngaphansi kuka-1,000 wamaqanda, futhi ngaleso sikhathi asewona asezingeni eliphezulu kangako.

Indaba imi kanje: njengoba uguga, akugcini nje ngokuthi inani lamaqanda lehle, kodwa nekhwalithi yawo iyehla. Amaqanda amadala amathuba amakhulu okuba nezinkinga zamakhromosomu, okungakhuphula ubungozi bokuphuma kwesisu noma izinkinga zofuzo. Nakuba umkhiqizo wokuzala kwabesilisa uhlala isikhathi eside kunowabesifazane, awupheli. Inani nesimilo sesidoda kwehla ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ikakhulukazi emva kweminyaka engu-40 [2].

Yimuphi Umnyaka Ongcono Kakhulu Wokuba Nengane?

Ngakho, yimuphi umnyaka ongcono kakhulu wokuba nengane? Ngokwezobhayoloji, umkhiqizo omkhulu wokuzala womzimba wakho usekupheleni kwawo-teen nasekuqaleni kwawo-20. Yilapho kube lula khona kakhulu ukukhulelwa, nezingozi zokukhulelwa ziphansi kakhulu. Kodwa impilo ayikhulumi ngobhayoloji kuphela, akunjalo? Ukuphela kwawo-20 nokuqala kwawo-30 kuvame ukuzwakala njengeminyaka engcono kakhulu yokuba nezingane ngoba ngaleso sikhathi abantu abaningi sebevuthiwe ngokwengqondo futhi besemi kahle ngokwezimali. Iminyaka engcono kakhulu yokukhulelwa ivame ukubhekwa njengokuphela kwawo-20 kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-30 lapho umkhiqizo wokuzala uphezulu, futhi amathuba ezinkinga ephansi.

Uma usemashumini amathathu, kusakhona ithuba elihle lokukhulelwa. Kubaningi, lena yiminya emihle yokuba nezingane ngoba bazizwa bezinzile kakhulu emisebenzini nasobudlelwaneni babo. Nokho, ukuzala kuqala ukwehla cishe eneminyaka engu-32. Lapho uneminyaka engu-35, ukwehla kuyashesha kancane, kanti nezingozi zezingqinamba ezifana nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu ziya zikhula [3].

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-35, odokotela babheka ukukhulelwa njengokwe-“advanced maternal age,” kodwa ungavumeli lowo mkhakha ukukwesabisa. Abesifazane abaningi baba nokukhulelwa okunempilo ngemuva kweminyaka engu-35. Iminyaka engcono kakhulu yokuba nengane kowesifazane empeleni idlula izinombolo kuphela.

Ithiphu Ehamba Phambili: Ukulandelela isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda kungakwenza kube lula ukwazi izinsuku zakho ozala kakhulu ngazo.

Izinzuzo Zokuba Nezingane Emaphuzwini Ehlukene Empilo

Yonke iminyaka iza nezinto zayo ezinhle nezimbi uma kukhulunywa ngokuba nezingane. Uma uba nezingane usemashumini amabili, usekugcineni kwamandla akho omzimba okuzala. Ukuzala kuphezulu, nezingcuphe ziphansi. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abasebasha basesezama ukuthola indlela emisebenzini, ebudlelwaneni nasezezimali, okungenza ubuzali bube yinselele enkulu.

Kulabo abaseminyakeni yabo yokuqala yama-30, le minyaka ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi yimina ephakeme yokuba nezingane. Ube nesikhathi sokukhula ngokomuntu siqu nangomsebenzi, okungenza ubuzali buzizwe bungalawuleki kalula. Futhi yize ukuzala sekuqala ukwehla, kusakhona kuhle kakhulu. Kulabo abacabanga ngobudala obungcono kakhulu bokukhulelwa kowesifazane, izinto ezifana nokulungele ngokomzwelo, ukuzinza kwezezimali kanye nempilo kudlala indima ebalulekile ngaphezu kobudala uqobo.

Ukulinda kuze kube sekugcineni empilweni nakho kunezinzuzo. Abazali abasekupheleni kwawo-30 noma eminyakeni yawo-40 bavamise ukuzizwa benomonde kakhulu futhi bezinzile ngokwezimali. Izifundo zikhombisa nokuthi izingane ezizalwa kubazali asebekhulile zingase zenze kangcono ezifundweni futhi zibe nezinkinga zokuziphatha eziyinqaba. Vele, izinselelo zokuzala nezingcuphe zokukhulelwa zivamile kakhulu njengoba usuguga [4].

Ithiphu Ehamba Phambili: Ukuhlolwa njalo kodokotela wakho kungakusiza uqiniseke ukuthi uphilile futhi ulungele ukukhulelwa, noma ngabe uneminyaka emingaki.

Izingcuphe Zokubambezela Ukukhulelwa

Uma ubheka umkhawulo weminyaka yokukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuzala kwehlelwa yiminyaka. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-35, ithuba lokukhulelwa ngokwemvelo liyancipha minyaka yonke. Lapho uneminyaka engu-40, amathuba okukhulelwa ngokwemvelo ehla abe cishe ku-5% ngomjikelezo ngamunye.

Ukukhulelwa esikhathini esedlule kweminyaka kuza nezingozi eziphezulu zezingqinamba ezifana ne-preeclampsia, umsebenzi wangaphambi kwesikhathi, nokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosome. Lokho akusho ukuthi ukukhulelwa okunempilo akunakwenzeka; kusho nje ukuthi kungadinga ukuqashwa eduze. Ukwazi ukuthi abesifazane bayeka nini ukuzala izingane kubalulekile ekwenzeni uhlelo. Nakuba kungekho minyaka ethile emisiwe yokukhulelwa, i-menopause ngokuvamile ibonakala ukuphela kokuzala ngokwemvelo, ngokuvamile cishe eminyakeni engu-51 [5].

Ithiphu Eyinhloko: Ama-antioxidant afana ne-Vitamin C ne-CoQ10 angasekela impilo yamaqanda futhi athuthukise ukuzala jikelele.

Indlela Ukuzala Okushintsha Ngayo Ngesikhathi Sobudala

Ukuzala kwehla ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuguga kwamaqanda nesidoda. Abesifazane abasebaminyaka engama-20 banamathuba acishe abe ngu-25% okukhulelwa kunoma yiziphi izinyanga uma bezama ngenkuthalo. Lapho sebefika eminyakeni engama-35, lokho kwehla kufike cishe ku-12%, kuthi lapho befika ku-40, kube seduze no-5%. Abesilisa nabo bahlangabezana nokushintsha kokuzala, yize kwenzeka kamuva futhi kancane kancane.

Njengoba besifazane bekhula, kuthi futhi babe sengozini enkulu yokuthola izimo ezifana ne-endometriosis noma ama-fibroid, ezingathinta kakhulu ukuzala [6]. Ukuqonda ukuthi abasifazane bayeka nini ukuzala izingane nokuthi ukuzala kushintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungasiza imibhangqwana yenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Ithiphu Eyinhloko: Ukuhlala usebenzayo nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kungakhulisa amathuba akho okukhulelwa.

Ukusekela Ukuzala Ngokudla

Ukudla amazakhi omzimba afanele kungasiza kakhulu ekusekeleni ukuzala. I-folic acid, isibonelo, ibalulekile kwekhwalithi yeqanda nasekuvimbeleni ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Ama-fertility vitamins afana ne-Myo-inositol ne-D-chiro-inositol awusizo kakhulu kwabesifazane abane-PCOS, ngoba asiza ukulawula ama-hormone nokuthuthukisa i-ovulation.

I-CoQ10 nayo ingenye i-nutrient enamandla, evikela amaqanda nesidoda ekulimaleni okubangelwa ama-oxidants. Kwabesilisa, i-L-carnitine yandisa ukuhamba kwesidoda, kanti i-zinc idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwesidoda futhi ixhumene eduze ne-zinc nokuzala kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ama-vitamin afana ne-Vitamin D ne-magnesium aseka ibhalansi yama-hormone nempilo yokuzala jikelele kwabesilisa nabesifazane [7].

Ithiphu Eyinhloko: Ukudla okulinganiselayo okucebe ngalawa mazakhi omzimba kungathuthukisa ukuzala kwazo zombili izinhlangothi.

Izinyathelo Zokuthuthukisa Amathuba Akho Okukhulelwa

Ukuthuthukisa inzalo kuvame ukuqala ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila. Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo kubalulekile ngoba ukuba mncane kakhulu noma mkhulu kakhulu kungathinta ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesidoda. Ukubhema, elinye iphuzu elikhulu, konakalisa ikhwalithi yamaqanda nesidoda futhi kwandise ubungozi bokulahlekelwa wesisu.

Ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ne-caffeine nabo kubalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-caffeine, isibonelo, kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwamandla okuzala, kanti ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile kungalibazisa ukukhulelwa. Ukulandelela isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda (ovulation) kungasiza imibhangqwana ukuhlela ucansi ngezinsuku ezivundile kakhulu zenyanga [8].

Ithiphu Eholayo: Ama-supplement okuzala angasiza ukuvala izikhala ekondleni futhi asekele impilo yokuzala.

Kuthiwani Ngemandla Okuzala Amadoda?

Inzalo yamadoda ibaluleke ngokulinganayo uma kuzanywa ukukhulelwa. Abantu abaningi abakuboni lokhu, kodwa ubudala obuhle kakhulu besifazane ukuba nezingane buvame ukuhambisana nempilo yokuzala yomlingani wabo. Ama-nutrient afana ne-L-carnitine ne-CoQ10 angathuthukisa ikhwalithi nokunyakaza kwesidoda. Ukwengeza i-maca root ne-ginseng ekudleni komuntu wesilisa kungakhulisa izinga le-testosterone nokwandisa inani lesidoda, okwandisa amathuba okukhokha ukukhulelwa [9].

Ithiphu Eholayo: Ukunciphisa ingcindezi nokugcina ukudla okunempilo nokulingene kungathuthukisa kakhulu inzalo yamadoda.

Ubusuku Bokufuna Usizo

Uma usuzame ukukhulelwa kodwa kungaphumelelanga, kungase kube isikhathi sokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-35, odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukufuna usizo ngemuva konyaka uzama. Kulabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-35, kungcono ukubonana nochwepheshe ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukwazi ukuthi umfazi angakhulelwa aze abe mdala kangakanani nokuba nokuqonda ukwehla kwamandla okuzala okuhlobene nobudala kungakusiza ukuhlela.

Ukwelashwa okufana nemithi yokuzala, i-intrauterine insemination (IUI), kanye ne-in vitro fertilization (IVF) kunganweba amathuba okukhulelwa. Kwezinye izimo, amaqanda noma isidoda somnikeli nakho kungaba inketho [10].

Okubalulekile Ekugcineni

Ubudala obuhle kakhulu bokukhulelwa abufani kubo bonke abantu. Ngenkathi ubunjalo bomzimba bubonisa ukuthi kulula ukukhulelwa eminyakeni yakho yama-20 noma ekuqaleni kwama-30, isikhathi esifanele sincike ezintweni ezihlobene nomzwelo, ezimali, nempilo. Ukuqonda ukuthi ubudala bubathinta kanjani amandla okuzala kungakusiza wenze isinqumo esihamba phambili ngawe nomndeni wakho [11].

Imibuzo ejwayelekile

Yimuphi ubudala obuhle bokuba nezingane?

Ubude beminyaka yokugcina kwengama-20 kuya ekuqaleni kwengama-30 bubhekwa njengobudala obuhle ngenxa yokuba nenzalo ephezulu nokuzinza kahle ngokomzwelo nangokwezezimali.

Umfazi angakhulelwa aze abe mdala kangakanani?

Iningi labesifazane lingakhulelwa kuze kube sekuvaleni kokuya esikhathini (menopause), okuvame ukwenzeka cishe eminyakeni engu-51, nakuba inzalo yehlisa kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engu-40.

Yimuphi ubudala obuhle kakhulu bokubeletha umntwana?

Ubude beminyaka obuhle kakhulu buvame ukuba phakathi kuka-25 no-35, lapho inzalo iphezulu khona futhi izingozi zokukhulelwa ziphansi.

Ingabe izithasiselo zingathuthukisa ukuzala?

Yebo, izakhi zokudla ezifana ne-folic acid, i-zinc, i-CoQ10, kanye ne-Vitamin D zingase zisetshenzisele ukusekela impilo yamaqanda nesidoda, okuthuthukisa ukuzala.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngibhekene nobunzima bokukhulelwa?

Uma uneminyaka engaphansi kuka-35, funa usizo ngemuva konyaka uzama. Uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-35? Xhumana nochwepheshe ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.

Izinkomba

1. Deatsman, S., Vasilopoulos, T., & Rhoton-Vlasak, A. (2016). Iminyaka nokuzala: Ucwaningo ngolwazi lweziguli. I-JBRA assisted reproduction. Kutholakala ku: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5264372/
2. Kidd, S. A., Eskenazi, B., & Wyrobek, A. J. (2001). Imiphumela yeminyaka yamadoda kwikhwalithi yesidoda nokuzala: ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi. I-Fertility and sterility. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11172821/
3. Dunson, D. B., Baird, D. D., Wilcox, A. J., & Weinberg, C. R. (1999). Amathuba osuku olulodwa okukhuza ukukhulelwa okubonakalayo asuselwe ezifundweni ezimbili ezinezilinganiso ezingaphelele zokuvuthwa kweqanda. I-Human reproduction (Oxford, England). Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10402400/
4. Jafari, H., Mirzaiinajmabadi, K., Roudsari, R. L., & Rakhshkhorshid, M. (2021). Izinto ezithinta ukungazali kwamadoda: Ukuhlaziywa ngendlela ehlelekile. I-International journal of reproductive biomedicine. Kutholakala ku: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8458922/
5. Steiner, A. Z., & Jukic, A. M. (2016). Umthelela weminyaka yobulili besifazane nokungakaze kukhulelwe ekuzaleni eqenjini labesifazane abadala abasazala. I-Fertility and sterility. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26953733/
6. Guo, S. W., & Wang, Y. (2006). Ukuvama kwe-endometriosis kwabesifazane abanezintlungu ezingapheli zesisu. I-Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16675908/
7. Lerchbaum, E., & Obermayer-Pietsch, B. (2012). I-Vitamin D nokuzala: ukuhlaziywa ngendlela ehlelekile. I-European journal of endocrinology. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22275473/
8. Wilcox, A. J., Weinberg, C. R., & Baird, D. D. (1995). Isikhathi socansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvuthwa kweqanda. Imiphumela emandleni okukhulelwa, ukusinda kokukhulelwa, nobulili bengane. I-New England journal of medicine. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7477165/
9. Lee, H. W., Kil, K. J., & Lee, M. S. (2020). I-ginseng ekuthuthukiseni izici zekhwalithi yesidoda: Ukuhlaziywa ngendlela ehlelekile. I-World journal of men's health. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32009310/
10. Esfandiari, N., Litzky, J., Sayler, J., Zagadailov, P., George, K., & DeMars, L. (2019). Ukufriza amaqanda ukulondoloza ukuzala nokuhlela umndeni: inhlolovo kazwelonke yezikhonzi zase-US ku-Obstetrics and Gynecology. I-Reproductive biology and endocrinology. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30696433/
11. Broekmans, F. J., Kwee, J., Hendriks, D. J., Mol, B. W., & Lambalk, C. B. (2006). Ukuhlaziywa ngendlela ehlelekile kokuhlolwa okubikezela umgcinimbe we-ovary nomphumela we-IVF. Ukuvuselelwa kokuzalana komuntu. Kutholakala ku: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16891297/