Indlela yokuhlela isikhathi sokwabelana ucansi ukuze ukhulelwe: Umhlahlandlela wakho ophelele ngefasitela lokukhulelwa

Uma uzama ukukhulelwa, isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu ukwedlula njengoba abantu abaningi becabanga. Iqanda lomuntu wesifazane liphila amahora angu-12 kuya kwangama-24 kuphela ngemva kokuvuthwa — iwindi elifushane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ojwayelekile wezinsuku ezingu-28. Kodwa ukuqonda nokusebenza nale biology kungandisa kakhulu amathuba akho okukhulelwa inyanga nenyanga. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-New England Journal of Medicine luthole ukuthi imibhangqwana eyabelana ucansi ngaphakathi kwefasitela lezinsuku eziyisithupha lokukhulelwa yayinamazinga okukhulelwa afinyelela ku-36% ngomjikelezo ngamunye, uma kuqhathaniswa nokucishe kube yize ngaphandle kwalelo fasitela. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokukhomba ifasitela lakho lokukhulelwa, ukuhlela isikhathi sokwabelana ucansi ngendlela ephumelelayo, nokunikeza wonke umjikelezo amathuba awo angcono kakhulu.

Ukuqonda ifasitela lokukhulelwa: Nini ngempela ongakhulelwa ngako?

Ifasitela lokukhulelwa lihlanganisa izinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kweqanda kanye nosuku lokuvuthwa kweqanda uqobo — izinsuku eziyisithupha zonke ndawonye. Leli fasitela likhona ngoba isidoda singasinda ngaphakathi ohlelweni lokuzala lwesifazane kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, kuyilapho iqanda ngokwalo liphila kuphela amahora ayi-12 kuya kwangama-24 ngemva kokuvuthwa. Uma sibheka ekusebenziseni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwabelana ucansi ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kweqanda — hhayi kuphela ngosuku lokuvuthwa kweqanda — kunikeza isidoda isikhathi sokuba “silinde” lapho iqanda likhishwa.

Ucwaningo olubalulekile olwenziwa u-Wilcox nabanye (1995) ku-New England Journal of Medicine lwalandela abesifazane abangu-221 abanempilo emijikelezweni yokuya esikhathini engu-625 futhi lwathola ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwenzeka kuphela uma kwabelwana ucansi phakathi kwalesi sikhawu sezinsuku eziyisithupha. Amathuba aphezulu kakhulu okukhulelwa avela ekwabelaneni ucansi ngosuku lokuvuthwa kweqanda (cishe u-33%) nangelanga elilandelayo ngaphambi kwalo (cishe u-31%), kanti amathuba ehla kancane kancane ezinsukwini zangaphambili kuleli fasitela.

Imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nefasitela lokukhulelwa:

• Isidoda singasinda izinsuku ezingu-3–5 emanzini omazo wesibeletho anenzalo, futhi ezimeni ezinhle sifike ezinsukwini ezingu-5
• Iqanda liyakwazi ukuphila amahora ayi-12–24 ngemva kokuvuthwa
• Izinsuku ezimbili ezikhiqiza kakhulu inzalo yizolo ngaphambi kosuku lokuvuthwa kweqanda kanye nosuku uqobo lokuvuthwa kweqanda
• Ifasitela lokukhulelwa liqala cishe ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngaphambi kosuku okulindeleke ukuthi kube ukuvuthwa kweqanda
• Ukwabelana ucansi ngosuku olulandela ukuvuthwa kweqanda kuvamise ukuba sekwephuzile

Ngenxa yokuthi ukuvuthwa kweqanda akuhlali kwenzeka kahle ngosuku lwe-14 — ngisho nasebeshadile abanomjikelezo ojwayelekile wezinsuku ezingu-28 — ukukhomba usuku langempela lokuvuthwa kweqanda kubalulekile ekutholeni isikhathi esifanele. Sizohlola ukuthi wenza kanjani lokho kulo lonke lo mhlahlandlela.

Kungani ubude bomjikelezo bethinta isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda

Inkolelo evamile yokuthi wonke owesifazane uvuve amaqanda ngosuku lwesi-14 lomjikelezo wakhe iyisimo esenziwe lula esingasebenzi kwabesifazane abaningi. Isikhathi sokuvela kokuwaqanda (ovulation timing) sithonywa ubude besigaba se-follicular — okuyisigaba sokuqala somjikelezo, kusukela esikhathini kuya ekuvundelweni — esihlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, nasemjikelezweni nomjikelezo.

Izifundo ezisebenzisa ukubhekwa kwamahomoni emchameni zikhombisa ukuthi kwabesifazane abanomjikelezo ovamile, ukuvundela kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-11 kuya kwezingama-21, ngisho noma ubude bomjikelezo bufana. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-Human Reproduction (2000) lwahlaziya idatha etholwe kwabangu-2,000+ abesifazane, lwathola ukuthi cishe u-30% kuphela wabesifazane ababenefasitela lokuvundela (fertile window) elaliwela ngokuphelele phakathi “kwezinsuku zokuvundela” ezijwayelekile, okusho usuku lwesi-10 kuya kolwesi-17 lomjikelezo. Empeleni, abanye abesifazane abanomjikelezo ojwayelekile wezinsuku ezingama-28 bavame ukuvundela kusenesikhathi kusukela ngosuku lwesi-10 noma sekuhlehlile kuze kube usuku lwesi-20.

Lobu buguquguquko bunezinhloso ezisebenzayo:

• Uma umjikelezo wakho uyizinsuku ezingu-24, kungenzeka uvundele cishe ngosuku lwesi-10–12
• Uma umjikelezo wakho uyizinsuku ezingu-32, kungenzeka ukuthi uvuve amaqanda cishe ngosuku lwesi-18–20
• Ngisho nasewomini ofanayo, ukuvundela kungasusheka ngezinsuku ezimbalwa ukusuka kumjikelezo oyedwa kuya komunye ngenxa yokucindezeleka, ukugula, ukuhamba, noma ukushintsha kwamazinga amahomoni

Ngenxa yokuthi isigaba se-luteal (kusukela ekuvundelweni kuya esikhathini esilandelayo) sivamise ukuzinzela cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-14 kwabesifazane abaningi, ungalinganisa usuku lokuvundela ngokubala emuva usukela ngosuku olulindelekile lwesikhathi sakho. Kodwa indlela ethembeke kakhulu iwukuhlanganisa lolu balo lwekhalenda nezimpawu zomzimba ezibonisa ukuthi ukuvundela sekusondela — noma sekwenzekile.

Ukuhlonza Ukuphuma Kwamaqanda (Ovulation): Izimpawu, Izibonakaliso, Nezinsiza

Kunezindlela eziningana ezisekelwe ebufakazini ezisiza ukuhlonza iwindi lakho lokuvundela ngaphandle kokudinga ukungenelela kwezokwelashwa. Uma zisetshenziswa ndawonye, zinikeza umbono ophelele kunanoma iyiphi indlela eyodwa kuphela.

Izinguquko Eketshezini Lesibeletho (Cervical Mucus)

Omunye wophawu lomzimba oluthembeke kakhulu lokusondela ekuvundelweni (ovulation) yizinguquko eketshezini lesibeletho (cervical mucus). Ngaphansi komthelela wokwanda kwe-estrogen ngaphambi kokuvundelwa, uketshezi lwesibeletho luguquka lusuke ekubeni lukhulu, lunamafinyila futhi lungabonakali kahle, lube sobala, luthambile, luthambekele ukushelela futhi luyeluleke — kuvame ukuchazwa njengokufana namaqanda abilisiwe angakaphekwa (raw egg whites). Lolu ketshezi “lezinga lokuvundela” (fertile quality mucus) lwakha indawo evikelayo nenondlayo yesidoda, lulusiza ekufudukela phambili ngokudlula esibelethweni.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukubheka uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane (mucus) lungase lube nempumelelo enkulu. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-The Lancet lwathola ukuthi abesifazane ababehlaba kahle usuku lwabo oluphezulu loketshezi (peak mucus day) babenamazinga aphezulu okuqinisekiswa kokuvundelwa (ovulation) ngalolo suku noma ezinsukwini ezizungezile. Ukubheka kudinga imijikelezo embalwa yokubuka ukuze kumiswe iphethini yakho siqu, kodwa iningi labesifazane lifunda ukulihlonza kahle uketshezi lwabo lwesikhathi sokuvundela zingakapheli izijikelezo ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu.

Izinga Lokushisa Lomzimba Elisisekelo (BBT)

Izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliyisisekelo lenyuka cishe ngo-0.2–0.5°C (0.3–0.9°F) ngemva kwe-ovulation, ngenxa yomphumela wokushisa we-progesterone. Ukulandela lolu shintsho lokushisa nsuku zonke ekuseni ngaphambi kokuphuma embhedeni kungaqinisekisa ukuthi i-ovulation isuke yenzekile — kodwa ngoba lokhu kunyuka kwenzeka ngemva kokukhishwa kweqanda, i-BBT isebenza kakhulu emuva emuva ukuze uqonde iphethini yakho.

Ngemijikelezo emithathu noma ngaphezulu, ishadi le-BBT lingasiza ukubikezela ukuthi i-ovulation cishe izokwenzeka nini emijikelezweni ezayo, likuvumele uhlele ukulala ocansini ezinsukwini eziholela ekushintsheni okulindelekile. Nokho, i-BBT yodwa ayanele ekwenzeni izinqumo zesikhathi sangempela kunoma yimuphi umjikelezo.

Ukutholwa Kokuqhuma kwe-LH

Amakhithi okubikezela i-ovulation (OPKs) abona ukwanda kwe-luteinising hormone (LH) okubangela i-ovulation. Lokhu kwanda ngokuvamile kuqala amahora angu-24–36 ngaphambi kokuthi iqanda likhishwe, okwenza ama-OPK anemiphumela emihle abe ngesinye sezimpawu zokuzala ezisebenzisekayo kakhulu. Uma ubona umphumela omuhle, i-ovulation cishe izokwenzeka phakathi kosuku olulandelayo kuya kwezimbili — okusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuqalisa isenzo.

Ama-OPK edijithali, akhombisa “ubuso obuhleka” obucacile noma isikhombi esifanayo sedijithali, anciphisa ukungaqondi kahle okungavela ezivivinyweni zomugqa zendabuko. Izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi abesifazane abasebenzisa izivivinyo ze-LH kanye nezinye izindlela (ezinjengokuqapha uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane) bakwazi ukuchaza iwindi labo lokuzala ngokunembile kunalabo abasebenzisa indlela eyodwa kuphela.

I-Mittelschmerz Nezinye Izimpawu Zomzimba

Ezinye izifazane zithola umuzwa omncane wokudutshuzwa noma ukuqunjelwa ohlangothini olulodwa lwesisu esingezansi ngesikhathi se-ovulation — lo mkhuba waziwa ngokuthi i-mittelschmerz (igama lesiJalimane elisho “ubuhlungu obuphakathi”). Nakuba ungathembekile ngokwanele ukuthi usetshenziswe njengesibonakaliso esiyinhloko, ungasebenza njengephuzu ledatha elengeziwe maqondana nezinye izindlela. Ubuhlungu noma ukweluleka kwamabele, ukukhuphuka okuncane kwesifiso socansi, nokuvuvukala nakho kungenzeka ngesikhathi se-ovulation, yize lezi zimpawu zihluka kakhulu ngokobuntu bomuntu.

Kufanele Nilale Kangaki Ocansini Ngesikhathi Sewindi Lokuzala?

Omunye wemibuzo evame kakhulu ebuzwa imibhangqwana ukuthi ngabe ukulala ocansini nsuku zonke, usuku ngalunye ulushiye olunye, noma kaningi kangakanani kwandisa amathuba abo okukhulelwa. Ucwaningo lunikeza impendulo ecacile ngokulinganele: ukulala ocansini njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-1 kuya kwezi-2 ngesikhathi sewindi lokuzala kunikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu kwenqwaba yemibhangqwana.

Ucwaningo olukhulu lwe-prospective cohort olushicilelwe ku-Fertility and Sterility luthole ukuthi ukulala ocansini nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sewindi lokuzala kuholele ekwandeni okukhulu kwe-fecundability yomjikelezo (ithuba lokukhulelwa ngomjikelezo ngamunye), kodwa ukulala ocansini usuku ngalunye ulushiye olunye (nsuku zonke neziyishumi nambili) kunikeze imiphumela ecishe ifane — futhi kwezinye izingxenye zeqembu, imiphumela yaba ngcono kancane, okungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi izimfanelo zekhwalithi yesidoda zingehla kubanye abesilisa uma kuba nokuchama kwesidoda okuphindaphindiwe kakhulu.

Izincomo ezisebenzayo ezisekelwe emibikweni yamanje:

• Ukulala ocansini njalo ngosuku lwesibili kusukela osukwini lwe-10 kuya phambili emjikelezweni ojwayelekile kunikeza “ukumbozwa” okubanzi ngaphandle kokucindezela ngokweqile.
• Ukulala ocansini nsuku zonke ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ezandulela ukukhishwa kweqanda kufanelekile uma usuqinisekisile ukuthi ukwanda kwe-LH kusaqhubeka.
• Ngosuku lokwanda kwe-LH nangesikhathi esilandelayo, ukwenza ucansi kuhambisana kahle nesikhathi.
• Alukho ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi ukuphumula ngokuphelele noma izikhundla ezithile emva kokwenza ucansi kwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa.

Okubalulekile ukuthi, ucwaningo alusekeli umbono wokulinda izinsuku ezimbalwa phakathi kwemizamo yocansi ngethemba “lokonga” isidoda. Kwabobaba abanezilinganiso zesidoda ezijwayelekile, imvamisa yokukhishwa kwesidoda kube kanye ngosuku noma njalo emva kwezinsuku ezimbili ayilimazi ngobuningi noma ngekhwalithi ngendlela ebalulekile ngokwelashwa.

Indima Yamafinyila Omlomo Wesibeletho Ekusindeni Nasekuthuthweni Kwesidoda

Amafinyila omlomo wesibeletho ekhwalithi elichumayo awona nje “umbukeli” odlula eceleni ekukhulelweni — adlala indima ebalulekile, esebenzayo emzimbeni. Lapho i-oestrogen iphakama ezinsukwini ezandulela ukukhishwa kweqanda, izimbotshana zomlomo wesibeletho zikhiqiza amafinyila anesakhiwo esicwebezelayo nesimanzi esakha imigudu okwazi ukuntweza kuyo isidoda siye eqandeni ngokuphumelelayo. Lawa mafinyila akhetha isidoda esingajwayelekile, adudule esinempilo ngoshevu namaminerali, futhi angagcina isidoda esisasebenzayo izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu.

Ngaphandle kwewindi elichumayo, amafinyila omlomo wesibeletho ayajiyeka futhi angangeni, enza isithiyo somzimba ekungeneni kwesidoda. Lona uhlelo lokuvimba olwemvelo, okusho ukuthi ngisho noma nenza ucansi, isidoda cishe ngeke sikwazi ukungena emlonyeni wesibeletho ezigabeni zomjikelezo ezingachumile.

Lokhu kusho ukuthini ngesikhathi:

• Ukuwa nocansi lapho ubona amafinyila ekhwalithi elichumayo — elolulekayo, elicwebezelayo, noma elingamanzi — kuhambisana ngokwemvelo nezimo zomlomo wesibeletho ezamukela isidoda.
• Amafinyila amaningi futhi asekilasini eliphezulu ahlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu okusinda kwesidoda, ngakho-ke kwandisa ithuba lokukhulelwa.
• Noma yini ephazamisa noma eguqula amafinyila omlomo wesibeletho — okuhlanganisa eminye imithi, ukushoda kwamanzi emzimbeni, noma ama-lubricant angakhelwanga ukuhambisana nesidoda — ingaphazamisa ukuhamba kwesidoda.

Ukuhlala uphuziwe kahle futhi ugweme noma imiphi imikhiqizo efakwa endaweni yangasese yesifazane engavunyelwe ukuthi ihambisane nesidoda phakathi kwewindi elichumayo kungasiza ukugcina indawo efanele kakhulu yokusinda kwesidoda.

Ukuhlelela Isikhathi Socansi Ezimeni Ezihlukene Zomjikelezo

Akubona bonke abantu abanomjikelezo wezinsuku ezingu-28 nje “wezincwadi”; indlela esebenzayo yokuhlela isikhathi socansi kufanele ilungiseke ngezimo zomuntu siqu. Nansi indlela ongabhekana ngayo nesikhathi socansi kwezinye izimo ezivamile zomjikelezo.

Imijikelezo Ejwayelekile (izinsuku ezingu-25–35)

Uma imijikelezo yakho ihlala ifana inyanga nenyanga, unesisekelo esiqinile sokubikezela usebenzisa ikhalenda okuhlanganiswe nokuqapha unyongo lwesibeletho kanye nokuhlola i-LH. Qala ukuqapha unyongo lwesibeletho kusukela cishe osukwini lomjikelezo 8–10 (kusenesikhathi emijikelezweni emifushane), bese uqala ukusebenzisa ama-OPK kusukela osukwini 10. Uma usuhlonze unyongo lwakho oluvundisayo noma ukuqubuka kwe-LH okusondelayo, qala ukuya ocansini njalo ngosuku olulodwa kuya kolu-2 futhi uqhubeke kuze kube okungenani amahora angu-24 ngemva kokuthi ukuvuthwa kweqanda sekuqinisekisiwe (ukwenyuka kwe-BBT, noma ukuncipha kokubonakala kokuvuza kwe-LH).

Imijikelezo Engajwayelekile

Imijikelezo engajwayelekile — echazwa njengokuhlukahluka ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-8 phakathi kwemijikelezo — yenza ukubikezela ngekhalenda kungabi nokuthembeka. Kulesi simo, ukugxila ezimpawini zomzimba kuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Qala ukuqapha unyongo lwesibeletho kanye nokuhlola i-OPK kusukela osukwini lomjikelezo 8, kungakhathaliseki ubude obulindelekile bomjikelezo. Ama-OPK angasetshenziswa nsuku zonke (futhi kabili ngosuku njengoba ukuqubuka kusondela) ukuze ubambe ukuqubuka kwe-LH okungenzeka kwenzeke kusenesikhathi noma sekwephuzile kunalokho obukulindele.

Kufanelekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi imijikelezo engajwayelekile kakhulu (ehluka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-10–14) kwesinye isikhathi ingabonisa inkinga engaphansi yama-hormone noma yokuvuthwa kweqanda okufanele ikhulunywe ngayo nodokotela, ikakhulukazi uma usuzame ukukhulelwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-12 (noma izinyanga eziyisithupha uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35).

Ngemva Kokuyeka Ukulawulwa Kokuzala Ngehormone

Ngemva kokuyeka ukulawulwa kokuzala ngehormone, ikakhulukazi iphilisi noma i-hormonal IUD, imijikelezo ingathatha izinyanga ezisuka kwenye kuya kwezintathu ukuze ibuyele ephethini evamile. Ngalesi sikhathi sokuguquka, ukuthembela ekhalendeni kuphela akuthembekile. Ukuqapha unyongo lwesibeletho kanye nokuhlola i-LH kubaluleke kakhulu kulawa majikelezo okuqala lapho iphethini yakho isazibeka kabusha.

Ukuncelisa Nokubeletha

Ukubuyela kokuvuthwa kweqanda ngemva kokubeletha kungahluka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abancelisayo. Abanye besifazane bavuthwa iqanda ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini okokuqala ngemva kokubeletha, okusho ukuthi ukuvuthwa kokuqala ngemva kokulethwa kungaholela ekukhulelweni ngaphandle kokuba nesikhathi sokuya esikhathini ngaphambi kwalokho. Uma uzama ukukhulelwa usancelisa, ukulandelela njalo nge-OPK kanye nokuqapha unyongo lwesibeletho (mucus) kuyindlela ethembeke kakhulu.

Amaphutha Avamile Esikhathi Ayehlisa Amathuba Okuqhamuka Kokukhulelwa

Ngisho nabalingani abazama ngenkuthalo bavame ukwenza amaphutha ngesikhathi esinciphisa kakhulu amathuba abo enyanga nenyanga. Ukuqaphela lezi zixakaxaka kungakusiza ukuthi uzigweme.

Ukulinda Kuze Kufike uSuku 14

Iphutha elivame kakhulu wukuthatha uSuku 14 njengosuku olucatshangwa ukuthi yilona lonke umuntu avuthwa ngalo. Njengoba kuchaziwe, ukuvuthwa kweqanda kuyahluka kakhulu — futhi uma umjikelezo wakho umfishane noma uvuthwa kusenesikhathi, ungaphuthelwa iwindi lakho ngokuphelele uma uqala ukuzama ngoSuku 14.

Ukuya Ocansini Kuphela Ngemva kwe-OPK Enhle

I-OPK enhle ikhombisa ukuthi ukuqubuka kwe-LH sekuqalile futhi ukuvuthwa kweqanda sekusondele — imvamisa phakathi kwamahora angu-24–36. Kodwa ngesikhathi usuya kubona lokhu kuqubuka, kungase kube sekuhambe isikhathi ukuqalisa "ukulayisha" isidoda emgudwini wokuzala. Ukuya ocansini ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphambi kosuku olulindelekile lokuqhubuka kwe-LH kubaluleke ngokulinganayo, kuqinisekisa ukuthi isidoda sesivele sikhona futhi silindile ngesikhathi iqanda livuthwa.

Ukuzila Ucansi Ukuthi "Kulondolozwe" Isidoda

Eminye imibhangqwana ikholelwa ukuthi ukuzila ucansi izinsuku eziningana noma ngisho ngeviki ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kweqanda kuzokwandisa inani lesidoda futhi kuthuthukise amathuba abo. Kwabantu besilisa abanamapharamitha ejwayelekile esidoda, le ndlela ibuyisela emuva umphumela abawufunayo. Nakuba ukuzila kukhuphula ivolumu ye-ejaculate nenani eliphelele lesidoda, futhi kuholela ekwandeni kwesidoda esonakele i-DNA kanye nesonakaliswe yi-oxidative ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kwimibhangqwana eminingi, ukuzila usuku olulodwa kuya kwezimbili ngaphambi kwesikhathi esizalayo kube yikho okuhle kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisa Ama-Lubricant Angahambisani Nesidoda

Ama-lubricant amaningi ajwayelekile okuzithokozisa — okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo edume kabanzi — anamazinga e-pH kanye ne-osmolality alimele isidoda. Ucwaningo lwango-2014 lwathola ukuthi ukubhekana nama-lubricant amaningi avamile kwehlise kakhulu ukunyakaza (motility) nokuphila kwesidoda e-labhorethri. Uma usebenzisa i-lubricant ngesikhathi sobulili, qiniseka ukuthi yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi ihambisane nesidoda.

Ukuwuyeka Masinyane Ubulili Esikhathini Sewindi Lokuzala

Eminye imibhangqwana iyeka ukuzama emva kokuthola i-OPK enegethivu (positive) noma uphawu lokuqala lomchamo wesibeletho, icabanga ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuzokwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuqhubeka nobulili kuze kube usuku lokwanda kwe-LH kanye nosuku olulandelayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi iwindi lokuvuthwa kweqanda limboziwe kahle kakhulu, njengoba isikhathi sokukhishwa kweqanda uqobo singahluka amahora amaningi.

Izinto Zendlela Yokuphila Ezisekela Ukubeka Isikhathi Sokuzala

Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bokuhlela isikhathi, eminye imikhuba yokuphila isekela izinqubo zomzimba ezenza ukukhulelwa kwenzeke — kusukela ekukhiqizweni komchamo wesibeletho (cervical mucus) kuya ezingeni lekhwalithi yokuvuthwa kweqanda uqobo.

Ukugcina Isisindo Somzimba Esinempilo

Isisindo esiphansi kakhulu nesiphakeme kakhulu somzimba kuhlotshaniswe nokuphazamiseka kokuvuthwa kweqanda. Amafutha omzimba (adipose tissue) asebenza ngokomzimba futhi athinta amazinga e-oestrogen, okuphinde kuthinte ukuthuthuka kwama-follicle nokuvuthwa kweqanda. Isilinganiso sobukhulu bomzimba (BMI) esingaphandle kobubanzi obungu-18.5–24.9 sihlotshaniswe nesikhathi eside sokuthatha ukukhulelwa ezifundweni ezinkulu eziningi ze-epidemiology. Ngisho nezinguquko zesisindo ezincane ezingu-5–10% eziya esisindweni esinempilo ziboniswe ukuthi zibuyisela ukuzivuthwa okuvamile kweqanda kwabanye besifazane.

Utswala Nekhofi (Caffeine)

Ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela (okuchazwa njengokungaphezu kwesiphuzo esisodwa kuya kwezi-2 ngosuku) kuhlotshaniswe nesikhathi eside sokuthatha ukukhulelwa ezifundweni eziningana, yize umphumela ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu (isiphuzo esisodwa ngezikhathi ezithile) ungacaci kahle. Njengoba iningi lochwepheshe lincoma ukugwema utshwala ngokuphelele kusukela ngesikhathi lapho ukukhulelwa kungase sekwenzekile, imibhangqwana eminingi ikhetha ukuzila kusukela ekuqaleni kwewindi elizalayo. Ikhofi nezinye izinto ezinokhofi ezingeni eliphezulu (>300 mg ngosuku, noma cishe izinkomishi ezintathu zekhofi) kuhlotshaniswe nokwehla kwamathuba okukhulelwa kwezinye izifundo, yize ukusetshenziswa ngokulinganisela kubonakala kuphephile kwabesifazane abaningi.

Ukulawula Ukuphazamiseka Komjikelezo

Ingcindezi enkulu yesikhashana, ukugula, noma ukuphazamiseka kwamaphethini okulala kungabambezela ukuvuthwa kweqanda kumjikelezo onikeziwe — hhayi ushintsho olukhulu, kodwa olwanele ukuphazamisa ukuhlelwa ngokuya ngekhalenda. Uma uhlangabezana nomjikelezo ongajwayelekile ngenxa yokugula, ukuhamba uqondana namazone wesikhathi ahlukene, noma ingcindezi enkulu yesikhashana, kunconywa ukuthi uthembele kakhulu ezimpawini zomzimba (umsoco wezitho zangasese nowokuhlolwa kwe-LH) kunekhalenda kulowo mjikelezo.

Lapho Kufanele Ufunisise Uzeluleko LoChwepheshe

Ukuhlelela isikhathi socansi kahle kuthuthukisa amathuba akho enyanga nenyanga, kodwa akusona isixazululo sezinkinga zangaphakathi zokuzala. Izincomo zamanje ezivela ku-American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) nase-European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) zithi funa ukuhlolwa uma:

• Uneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-35 futhi ubulokhu uzama izinyanga eziyi-12 ngaphandle kwempumelelo
• Uneminyaka engu-35–39 futhi ubulokhu uzama izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphandle kwempumelelo
• Uneminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu — funa ukuhlolwa ngokushesha, okungcono emva kwezinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha uzama
• Unazo izimo ezaziwayo noma ezisoliswayo ezithinta ukuzala (imijikelezo engajwayelekile, umlando wesifo sokuvuvukala kwezitho zangasese zangaphakathi, ukulahlekelwa wukhuleko kwangaphambilini, njll.)
• Umlingani wakho unesimo esaziwayo noma esisolwayo sokungajwayelekile kwesidoda

Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kokuzala kungasiza ukuthola izimbangela ezingelapheka futhi kuvumele wena nethimba lakho lezempilo nithuthukise uhlelo olufanele. Ukuhlela isikhathi socansi ngendlela efanele ngenkathi uphenya noma yimiphi imihlolokudinga enconyiwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi wenza konke okusemandleni akho ngesikhathi ulindile.

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Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izinsuku ezimbili ezinhle kakhulu zokukhulelwa?

Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lukaWilcox nabanye, izinsuku ezimbili ezinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokukhulelwa yilo suku lokuvuthwa kweqanda kanye nosuku olwandulela ukuvuthwa kweqanda. Kulezo zinsuku zombili, amathuba okukhulelwa ngenxa yesenzo esisodwa socansi cishe angama-27–33%. Nokho, ukuqala ukuba nocansi izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kweqanda kuqinisekisa ukuthi isidoda sesivele sikhona ohlelweni lokuzala, okucatshangwa ongoti abaningi bokuzala njengamasu athembeke kakhulu.

Ngingakhulelwa yini ngosuku loku-1 lomjikelezo wami?

Usuku loku-1 luwusuku lokuqala lokuya esikhathini — yize ukukhulelwa ngenxa yocansi ngosuku loku-1 kungenzeka ngokomqondo uma umjikelezo wakho mfushane kakhulu futhi iqanda livuthwa (ovulation) kusenesikhathi kakhulu, kungewenzeka kakhulu kwabesifazane abaningi. Isigaba sokuya esikhathini ngokuvamile siphuma ngaphandle kwefasitela lokuzala. Noma kunjalo, uma imijikelezo yakho imifushane (izinsuku ezingu-21–24), ukuvuthwa kweqanda kungenzeka kusenesikhathi njengosuku 7–8, okusho ukuthi ifasitela lokuzala liqala maduze nje lapho ukuya esikhathini kuphela.

Ingabe isikhathi sosuku eninocansi ngaso sithinta amathuba enu okukhulelwa?

Kunobufakazi obulinganiselwe bekhwalithi ephezulu bokuthi isikhathi sosuku asinawo umthelela omkhulu kumazinga okukhulelwa ngenxa yocansi kumjikelezo wemvelo. Ucwaningo oluthile luphakamise ukuthi izici zokuhamba kwesidoda zingase zibe ngcono kancane ekuseni, kodwa ukubaluleka kwalesi simo ekwelashweni akucaci. Isikhathi esiqondene nokuvuthwa kweqanda (ovulation) sibaluleke kakhulu kunesikhathi sosuku.

Kufanele ngilale phansi isikhathi esingakanani ngemuva kokuba nobulili ukuze ngikhuphule amathuba ami?

Ubufakazi lapha buncane futhi buhlanganisiwe. Ezinye izifundo ezihlola izinqubo ze-intrauterine insemination (IUI) zithole inzuzo encane yokulala unganyakazi imizuzu engu-15 ngemuva kwenqubo, kodwa lesi simo sihluke kakhulu kunobulili bemvelo. Isidoda sihamba ngokushesha — ngokuhamba kwemizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokuchama, isidoda singatholakala emafollopiyenitjhubhu (fallopian tubes). Iningi lodokotela be-endocrinology yokuzala alikhuthazi isikhathi esithile sokuphumula ngemuva kokuba nobulili. Alukho ubufakazi bokuthi ukuphakamisa isinqe sakho ngophilo ngemuva kokuba nobulili kuthuthukisa amathuba okukhulelwa.

Ingabe i-orgasm iyasiza ekukhulelweni?

Umbono we-"upsuck" — othi ukuncipha kwemisipha yesibeletho ngesikhathi i-orgasm kowesifazane kusiza ekuthuthweni kwesidoda — useke wahlolwa kodwa awukakaqinisekiswa ngokuphelele. Ubufakazi bokhona njengamanje abubonisi ukuthi i-orgasm kowesifazane ithuthukisa kakhulu ukuhamba kwesidoda noma amazinga okukhulelwa ekuthintaneni kocansi kwemvelo. Nakuba kungekho sizathu sokugwema i-orgasm uma kubhekwa ukukhulelwa, akuyona into abashadile okufanele bayinakekele kakhulu noma babeke ingcindezi kuyo.

Ngingakwazi kanjani ukubona ukuthi ngempela ngike ngavuthwa iqanda?

Uphawu oluthembeke kakhulu ongazilolonga ngalo ekhaya lokuthi ukuvuthwa kweqanda sekuke kwenzeka wukwenyuka okuqhubekayo kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba (BBT) ngo-0.2°C noma ngaphezulu okuqhubeka izinsuku ezintathu noma ngaphezulu. Lolu shintsho lokushisa lubonisa ukwanda kwe-hormone ye-progesterone elandela ukuvuthwa kweqanda. I-OPK ephuma kahle iqinisekisa ukuthi i-LH surge isuke yenzekile (evame ukuhamba ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kweqanda amahora angu-24–36), kodwa ayiqinisekisi ukuthi ukuvuthwa kweqanda ngempela kwenzekile. Ukuhlanganisa ukulandelela i-BBT nokuhlola nge-OPK iziyalo ezimbalwa kunikeza isithombe esiphelele kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-progesterone egazini cishe ngosuku lwama-21 lomjikelezo wezinsuku ezingama-28 (noma izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokulinganisa usuku lokuvuthwa kweqanda kwezinye ubude bomjikelezo) wuhlolo olujwayelekile lwezokwelapha lokuqinisekisa ukuvuthwa kweqanda.

Ingabe ukuhlela isikhathi socansi kungazwakala kunengcindezi noma kufane nokusebenza ngomshini? Abashadile bakulawula kanjani lokhu?

Yebo — leli lingelinye lamazinga avame ukubikwa kakhulu ezinselele zokuzama ukukhulelwa. "Ucansi oluhleliwe" lungazwakala luhiniza futhi lufane nokwenzelemali, okungase kuthinte kabi ubusondeza, futhi kwezinye izimo kuthinte ukumiswa kweqhuqhuva noma ukwaneliseka ngokocansi komunye noma womabili ozakwenu. Amasu angasiza afaka phakathi: ukubheka iwindi elikhulelayo njengethuba hhayi njengomsebenzi, ukuqhubeka nokuba nobulili ngaphandle kwewindi elikhulelayo ngenjabulo (ngaphandle kwengcindezi), ukukhuluma ngokuvuleleka nozakwenu ngemizwa, nokuthi uma kungenzeka, ukugcina inqubo yokuqapha ingemuva kunokuba uyenze isikhungo sanoma yiluphi uhlanganyelo locansi. Uma ingcindezi ephathelene nesikhathi isithinta kakhulu ubudlelwane benu, ukukhuluma nodokotela wengqondo onolwazi ngengcindezi ephathelene nokungabi nenzalo kungaba wusizo.

Ingabe ukujova isidoda njalo ngaphandle kwewindi lokuzala kuthinta ukutholakala kwesidoda ngenkathi likhona?

Emadodeni anesidoda esinazo zonke izici ezijwayelekile, ukuvama ukujova isidoda — nsuku zonke noma ngosuku olulandelayo — kugcina izici zesidoda ziphilile futhi akukhiphi isidoda ngendlela ebalulekile ngokomtholampilo. Izende zikhiqiza cishe isidoda esingu-1,500 ngomzuzwana, kanti ukugcwaliseka kabusha ngemuva kokuphuma kwesidoda kwenzeka ngokushesha. Asikho isidingo sokuzila ngaphandle kwewindi lokuzala ukuze “ugcine” isidoda; empeleni, njengoba kushiwo phambilini, ukuzila isikhathi eside kuvame ukunciphisa ubuqotho be-DNA yesidoda.

Ingabe imijikelezo engajwayelekile ingenza ukukhulelwa kwemvelo kungenzeki?

Akusiyo into ebophelelwe ukuba njalo. Abesifazane abaningi abanezikhathi ezingajwayelekile bayakhulelwa ngendlela yemvelo, yize ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi eside ngoba ukukhishwa kweqanda akunakubikezelwa kalula. Ukuqapha njalo ngokubheka uketshezi lwasemlonyeni wesibeletho nokuhlolwa kwe-LH kusiza abesifazane abaningi abanezikhathi ezingajwayelekile bakhombe iwindi labo lokuzala, noma ngabe liwela ezikhathini ezahlukene emijikelezweni ehlukene. Kodwa-ke, imijikelezo engajwayelekile kakhulu noma imijikelezo enokukhishwa kweqanda okungajwayelekile kakhulu (oligoovulation) ingazuza ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa okungenzeka ukusiza kube nokukhishwa kweqanda okuvamile kakhulu.

Ingabe kukhona iminyaka lapho ukuhlela isikhathi socansi kuba nokusebenza okuncane?

Ukubeka isikhathi socansi ngendlela efanele kuhlala kubalulekile kungakhathaliseki iminyaka — ngeke ukwazi ukukhulelwa ngaphandle kokuba usewindini lokuzala. Nokho, iminyaka ithinta amathuba ayisisekelo okukhulelwa ngomjikelezo ngamunye ngokuzimela ekuhlelweni kwesikhathi. Owesifazane oneminyaka engu-25 onecansi elihlelelwe kahle unamathuba okukhulelwa ngomjikelezo owodwa acishe abe ngu-25–30%, kuyilapho owesifazane oneminyaka engu-40 onamathuba afanayo okucansi elihlelelwe kahle engase abe ngu-5–10% noma ngaphansi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwehla kwekhwalithi yamaqanda. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuhlela isikhathi kuyeka ukubaluleka — empeleni, ukuhlela isikhathi ngokunembile kuba kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba iminyaka ikhula ngoba umjikelezo ngamunye uba yigugu kakhulu — kodwa kusho ukuthi ukwehla kokuzala okuhlobene neminyaka kungase kudinge ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ngale kwalokho okwenziwa indlela yokuphila nokuhlela isikhathi kuphela.