Ukuya esikhathini okubambezeleke izinsuku ezi-2 nokuphuma uketshezi olumhlophe: ingabe kungaba uphawu lokukhulelwa?

Kubantu abaningi besifazane, ukuphoswa yinkathi yokuya esikhathini kuvame ukuvusa umbuzo wokuthi mhlawumbe kukhona ukukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nokushintsha kwesikhwehlela somlomo wesibeletho. Uma uhlangabezana nokubambezeleka kwezinsuku ezingu-2 ekuyeni esikhathini kanye noketshezi olumhlophe, ungase uzibuze ukuthi lezi izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa noma kukhona okunye okwenzekayo. Lapha, sixoxa ngezizathu ezingaba khona zokubambezeleka kokuya esikhathini, ukubaluleka koketshezi olumhlophe, nokuthi nini okufanele ucabangele ezinye izincazelo.

Indlela Ama-Hormone Athonya Ngayo Umjikelezo Wokuya Esikhathini Nesikhwehlela Somlomo Wesibeletho

Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ulawulwa ukushintsha kwama-hormone, ikakhulukazi i-estrogen ne-progesterone. Lawa ma-hormone awalawuli nje kuphela ukukhishwa kwamaqanda nokukhoseliswa kwengqimba yangaphakathi yesibeletho, kodwa futhi anomthelela ekukhiqizeni isikhwehlela somlomo wesibeletho. Kuyo yonke inkathi yomjikelezo, uketshezi lomlomo wesibeletho luyahluka ngombala, ngobunjwe balo, nangobuningi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi nje kokukhishwa kweqanda, uketshezi luvame ukuba lucacile futhi lweluleke, kuyilapho ngemuva kokukhishwa kweqanda luvame ukuba lujiyile futhi lungabonakali kahle. Nokho, lokho kungasho noma kungasho ukuthi ukhulelwe, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukukhulelwa ngokushesha ngemuva kosuku lokuqala lokuphoswa kokuya esikhathini [1].

Uma isikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini sephuze ngezinsuku ezingu-2 kanti kukhona uketshezi olumhlophe, lolu shintsho lungase lubangelwe amazinga aphezulu e-progesterone. I-Progesterone iyakhuphuka esigabeni se-luteal—leso sigaba esilandela ukukhishwa kweqanda (ovulation)—futhi iyaqhubeka nokwenyuka uma ukukhulelwa kwenzekile. Leli hormone likhuthaza umlomo wesibeletho ukuba ukhiqize isikhwehlela esifana nobisi noma esimhlophe, okungase kuchaze uketshezi olujiyile ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa noma ngisho nangaphambi kokuya esikhathini [2].

Uketshezi Olumhlophe Njengesibonakaliso Sokuqala Sokukhulelwa

Umbuzo ovame ukubuzwa uwukuthi ingabe ukuhamba nezinsuku ezingu-2 ungakayitholi inhlangothi (missed period) kanti kukhona uketshezi olumhlophe kungaba uphawu lokukhulelwa kusenesikhathi. Nakuba kungenzeka, akuwona umphumela oqinisekile. Uketshezi olumhlophe noma olufana nobisi, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuba uphuthelwe yinkathi yokuya esikhathini, lungadalwa amazinga aphezulu e-progesterone njengoba umzimba ulungiselela ukusekela ukukhulelwa okungenzeka. Abanye besifazane bakuchaza lokhu njengoketshezi olumhlophe olufana nobisi noma ngisho noketshezi oluphuma ngaphambi kokuphoswa kokuya esikhathini.

Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, isikhwehlela sesibeletho singakhula sande ukuze sakhe into ebizwa ngokuthi i-mucus plug emlonyeni wesibeletho, evikela isibeletho kumagciwane. Nokho, lesi sici sodwa asanele ukubonisa ukukhulelwa, ngoba namaphethini okufana nalokhu koketshezi angavela esigabeni se-luteal emijikeni lapho kungakukhona ukukhulelwa.

Ukuqunjelwa Noketshezi Olumhlophe: Kusho Ukuthini?

Kulabo abanoketshezi oluphuma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane olumhlophe kanye nokuqunjelwa, inhlanganisela yalezi zimpawu ingase ibonise ukushintsha kwangaphambi kokuya esikhathini noma izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Ukuqunjelwa okuncane kuvamile kuzo zombili lezi zimo, ikakhulukazi ngaleso sikhathi lapho isikhathi sokuba uye esikhathini silindelekile.

Ukuqunjelwa ngaphandle kokopha kungase kube umphumela wezinguquko esibelethweni uma ukufakwa kweqanda esibeleni kusanda kwenzeka. Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi ukuqunjelwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kweqanda, sivame ukwenzeka cishe isonto ngemuva kokukhishwa kweqanda (ovulation) futhi kwesinye isikhathi singahambisana nokubambezeleka kokuya esikhathini. Uma uqaphela uketshezi oluphuma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane kanye nokuqunjelwa kodwa kungekho ukuphuma kwegazi, ukukhulelwa kungaba yinto engenzeka, kodwa kungabangelwa nezinye izinto ezifana nokushintsha kwama-hormone noma izinguquko endleleni yokuphila [3].

Izimbangela Ezivamile Zokubambezeleka Kokuya Esikhathini Nokukhishwa Okumhlophe

Nakuba ukukhulelwa kuyimbangela engase ibe khona yokubambezeleka kokuya esikhathini nokukhishwa okumhlophe, kukhona nezinye izinto ezingase zibe nomthelela. Uma uzithola uzibuza, “sekwephuze isikhathi sami kangakanani” ngaphambi kokuba kube yinkinga, ukuqonda izimbangela ezingaba khona zokubambezeleka kungasiza ukwehlisa ukungaqiniseki.

1. Hormonal Imbalance: Ukucindezeleka, izinguquko ekudleni, nezinto zomqondo wokuphila zingaphazamisa amahomoni, kubambezele umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini futhi kubangele amaphethini okukhishwa koketshezi angalindelekile. Lokhu kungalingani kungaholela ekukhishweni okumhlophe, okuminyene noma ngisho nemihelo ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini [4]. Ukuthatha Conceive Plus Fertility Support for Women kungasiza ukulinganisa amahomoni nokusekela umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini onempilo, kubhekisise ukukhathazeka okufana nokubambezeleka kwesikhathi.
2. Izinguquko Ekuvuthweni Kwamaqanda: Ngezinye izikhathi ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda kungenzeka sekuhambe isikhathi ngenxa yokucindezeleka noma ukugula, okungenza isikhathi sokuya esikhathini sisuke kamuva. Uma uhlangabezana nezinguquko ekukhishweni koketshezi, ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi, noma imihelo emincane, kungase kuhlobene nokushintsha kwesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda kunokuba kube ukukhulelwa.
3. Imithelela Yemishanguzo Yokuvimbela Inzalo: Imishanguzo yokuvimbela inzalo equkethe amahomoni ingaguqula umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, okungenzeka kuholele ekubambezelekeni kwesikhathi nasekuguqukeni kukamafinyila wesibeletho. Ngisho nangemva kokuyeka imishanguzo yokuvimbela inzalo, umzimba ungathatha isikhathi ukujwayela, okuholela ezimpawini ezihlangene njengokukhishwa, imihelo (cramps) nemijikelezo engajwayelekile.
4. Izimpawu Zokuqala ze-Menopause noma i-Perimenopause: Uma ususondela esikhathini sokuya esikhathini sokuphela kokuya esikhathini (menopause), imijikelezo ingaba irregular, futhi ukuguquguquka kwamahomoni kungabangelwa ukukhishwa okumhlophe kanye nokuphuthelwa noma ukubambezeleka kokuya esikhathini. Lokhu kujwayele kakhulu kwabesifazane abasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-30s nango-40s, yize kungenzeka kusenesikhathi.
5. Izifo: Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, izifo zingesinye isikhathi zibangele ukuguquka ebunjini nasekusukeni kwesikhathi sokukhishwa koketshezi. I-bacterial vaginosis noma izifo zesikhunta (yeast infections), isibonelo, zingabangela ukukhishwa okumhlophe, yize ngokuvamile kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezifana nokuluma, iphunga, noma ukungaphatheki kahle.

Ukubambezeleka Kokuya Esikhathini Nokukhishwa Okumhlophe Okuminyene: Isikhathi Sokuhlolwa Kokukhulelwa

Uma isikhathi sami sokuya esikhathini sibambezela izinsuku eziyisithupha kube nokukhishwa okumhlophe, okuminyene, kungase kube yisikhathi sokuthatha ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, njengoba amazinga e-hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) esekhona ngokwengeziwe ukuze atholakale ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuhlola kusenesikhathi kakhulu kungaholela emphumeleni ongemanga wokuthi awukhulelwe ngoba amazinga e-hCG aphindeka kabili njalo emavikini okuqala okukhulelwa, futhi kuthatha isikhathi ukuba akhuphuke afike ezingeni elitholakalayo. Ukuze uthole umphumela othembeke kakhulu, ukuhlolela ukukhulelwa ngemva kokuba isikhathi sakho sekwephuze ngesonto kuvame ukunikeza ukunemba okukhulu.

Kuphinde kufanele kuqashelwe nokuthi izimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, ngakho akuwona wonke owesifazane ozothola izimpawu ezifanayo, ngisho nasekukhulelweni okuqinisekisiwe. Abanye bangaba noketshezi kanye ne-cramp ethambile, kanti abanye bangase bangabi nazimpawu ezibonakalayo nhlobo.

Ukuqapha Izinguquko Ekukhishweni Koketshezi Lesibeletho

Ukulandelela umucu wesibeletho (cervical mucus) kungakunikeza imininingwane mayelana namaphethini okuzala nezinkomba ezingaba khona zokukhulelwa. Uma uqaphela amaphethini afana nokwanda koketshezi ngaphambi kokuthi ulahlekelwe isikhathi sokuya esikhathini, lokhu kungaba uphawu oluwusizo ekuqondeni umjikelezo wakho. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi amaphethini oketshezi angashintsha inyanga nenyanga ngenxa yezinguquko zamahomoni zemvelo.

Uma uba noketshezi ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa isikhathi sokuya esikhathini, lokhu kungase nje kubonise ukuthi isigaba se-luteal silungiselela noma ukuya esikhathini noma ukukhulelwa kokuqala. Ukuqhubeka nokulandelela lokhu emijikelezweni eminingana kungakunikeza ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nokuthi kuyini okuvamile kuwena.

Nini Okufanele Ubonane Nomhlinzeki Wezempilo

Ezimweni eziningi, ukulibala ukuya esikhathini kuhambisana noketshezi olumhlophe kanye ne-cramp ethambile akuwona umthombo wokukhathazeka. Nokho, uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obuqhubekayo, iphunga elingajwayelekile, noma ezinye izimpawu ezingavamile, ukuhlangabezana nodokotela kuhlakaniphile ukuze kukhishwe amathuba ezifo zokutheleleka noma ezinye izimo ezingaphansi.

Kulabo abanemijikelezo engajwayelekile njalo, ukulahlekelwa izikhathi kaningi, noma uketshezi okungavamile, umhlinzeki wezempilo angasiza ukuphenya izimbangela ezingaba khona, njengokungalingani kwamahomoni, izinkinga ze-thyroid, noma isifo se-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Imicabango Yokugcina Ngokulibala Kokuya Esikhathini Noketshezi Olumhlophe

Noma uketshezi olumhlophe ngesikhathi lapho umjikelezo wakho uselibazile lungase lube uphawu lokuqala lokukhulelwa, kungenzeka ngokulinganayo ukuthi kube nezinguquko zamahomoni noma izinto eziphathelene nendlela yokuphila. Ukubheka izimpawu ezifana ne-cramp ehambisana noketshezi noma izinguquko kumucu wesibeletho (cervical mucus) kungakunikeza ulwazi, kodwa lokhu akusona isiqinisekiso sokukhulelwa sodwa.

Kulabo abazama ukukhulelwa, ukulandelela iphethini yokukhishwa koketshezi nokulinda kuze kube umjikelezo wakho uselibazile izinsuku ezingu-5–7 ngaphambi kokuhlola kungakunikeza umbono onembe kakhudlwana. Ukuqonda umehluko wemvelo womzimba wakho, ikakhulukazi mayelana nesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kanye namaphethini oketshezi, ekugcineni kungakunika amandla okuqaphela ukuthi yini ejwayelekile nokuthi nini okungase kudinge ukuphenywa okwengeziwe.

Imithombo yolwazi:

1. Wilcox AJ, Baird DD, Dunson D, McChesney R, Weinberg CR. Imikhawulo Yemvelo Yokuhlola Ukukhulelwa Ngokuhlobene Nesikhathi Sokuya Esikhathini Esilindelekile. JAMA. 2001;286(14):1759–1761. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/194261
2. Ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile (ama-period). (2023). Kufinyelelwe ngo- Nov/09/2024. Kutholakala ku-inthanethi: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14633-abnormal-menstruation-periods 
3. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2022). Izinhlungu zokuya esikhathini. Kufinyelelwe ngo- Nov/09/2024. Kutholakala ku-inthanethi: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menstrual-cramps/symptoms-causes/syc-20374938 
4. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2024). Izimpawu zokukhulelwa: Kwenzekani kuqala. Kufinyelelwe ngo- Nov/09/2024. Kutholakala ku-inthanethi: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/symptoms-of-pregnancy/art-20043853